Trypsin Genes Are Regulated through the miRNA Bantam and Associated with Drug Sensitivity in the Sea Louse Caligus rogercresseyi

The role of trypsin genes in pharmacological sensitivity has been described in numerous arthropod species, including the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi. This ectoparasite species is mainly controlled by xenobiotic drugs in Atlantic salmon farming. However, the post-transcriptional regulation of trypsin genes and the molecular components involved in drug response remain unclear. In particular, the miRNA bantam family has previously been associated with drug response in arthropods and is also found in C. rogercresseyi, showing a high diversity of isomiRs. This study aimed to uncover molecular interactions among trypsin genes and bantam miRNAs in the sea louse C. rogercresseyi in response to delousing drugs. Herein, putative mRNA/miRNA sequences were identified and localized in the C. rogercresseyi genome through genome mapping and blast analyses. Expression analyses were obtained from the mRNA transcriptome and small-RNA libraries from groups with differential sensitivity to three drugs used as anti-sea lice agents: azamethiphos, deltamethrin, and cypermethrin. The validation was conducted by qPCR analyses and luciferase assay of selected bantam and trypsin genes identified from in silico transcript prediction. A total of 60 trypsin genes were identified in the C. rogercresseyi genome, and 39 bantam miRNAs were differentially expressed in response to drug exposure. Notably, expression analyses and correlation among values obtained from trypsin and bantam revealed an opposite trend and potential binding sites with significant ΔG values. The luciferase assay showed a reduction of around 50% in the expression levels of the trypsin 2-like gene, which could imply that this gene is a potential target for bantam. The role of trypsin genes and bantam miRNAs in the pharmacological sensitivity of sea lice and the use of miRNAs as potential markers in these parasites are discussed in this study.

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Prenatal Drug Exposure and Behavioral Outcomes in Adolescence: The Role of Neighborhood Violence and Social Support

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e685302011-001 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Stacy Howes ◽

Cindy M. Schaeffer ◽

Maureen M. Black

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Drug Exposure ◽

Behavioral Outcomes ◽

Prenatal Drug Exposure ◽

Neighborhood Violence

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The Role of microRNAs in the Viral Infections

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190110161034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (39) ◽

pp. 4659-4667 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mona Fani ◽

Milad Zandi ◽

Majid Rezayi ◽

Nastaran Khodadad ◽

Hadis Langari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Infections ◽

Rna Viruses ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Main Function ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Viral Genes ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Post Transcriptional Regulation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with 19 to 24 nucleotides which are evolutionally conserved. MicroRNAs play a regulatory role in many cellular functions such as immune mechanisms, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The main function of miRNAs is the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. In fact, many of them act as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. These molecular structures participate in many physiological and pathological processes of the cell. The virus can also produce them for developing its pathogenic processes. It was initially thought that viruses without nuclear replication cycle such as Poxviridae and RNA viruses can not code miRNA, but recently, it has been proven that RNA viruses can also produce miRNA. The aim of this articles is to describe viral miRNAs biogenesis and their effects on cellular and viral genes.

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Chandipura virus dysregulates the expression of hsa-miR-21-5p to activate NF-κB in human microglial cells

Journal of Biomedical Science ◽

10.1186/s12929-021-00748-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Neha Pandey ◽

Meghana Rastogi ◽

Sunit K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Expression Pattern ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Microglial Cells ◽

Luciferase Assay ◽

Western India ◽

Cellular Mirnas ◽

Over Expression ◽

Chandipura Virus ◽

Tnf Α

Abstract Background Chandipura virus (CHPV) is a negative single-stranded RNA virus of the Rhabdoviridae family. CHPV infection has been reported in Central and Western India. CHPV causes acute encephalitis with a case fatality rate of 70 % and mostly affects children below 15 years of age. CHPV infection in brain leads to neuronal apoptosis and activation of the microglial cells. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNA that regulate the gene expression. Viral infections perturb the expression pattern of cellular miRNAs, which may in turn affect the expression pattern of downstream genes. This study aims to investigate hsa-miR-21-5p mediated regulation of PTEN, AKT, NF-ĸBp65, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, in human microglial cells during CHPV infection. Methods To understand the role of hsa-miR-21-5p in CHPV infection, the human microglial cells were infected with CHPV (MOI-0.1). Real-time PCR, western blotting, Luciferase assay, over-expression and knockdown techniques were used to understand the role of hsa-miR-21-5p in the regulation of PTEN, AKT and, NF-ĸBp65, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in this study. Results The hsa-miR-21-5p was found to be upregulated during CHPV infection in human microglial cells. This led to the downregulation of PTEN which promoted the phosphorylation of AKT and NF-ĸBp65. Over-expression of hsa-miR-21-5p led to the decreased expression of PTEN and promoted further phosphorylation of AKT and NF-ĸBp65 in human microglial cells. However, the inhibition of hsa-miR-21-5p using hsa-miR-21-5p inhibitor restored the expression. Conclusions This study supports the role of hsa-miR-21-5p in the regulation of pro-inflammatory genes in CHPV infected human microglial cells.

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Advances in the role of miRNAs in the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2020-0205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1003-1011

Author(s):

Guanyu Zhang ◽

Yiran Li ◽

Jiasheng Xu ◽

Zhenfang Xiong

Keyword(s):

Target Gene ◽

Early Stage ◽

Research Direction ◽

Research Progress ◽

Skeletal System ◽

Translation Process ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

New Research ◽

Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the skeletal system in the clinic. It mainly occurs in adolescent patients and the pathogenesis of the disease is very complicated. The distant metastasis may occur in the early stage, and the prognosis is poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs of about 18–25 nt in length that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. miRNAs can regulate target gene expression by promoting the degradation of target mRNAs or inhibiting the translation process, thereby the proliferation of OS cells can be inhibited and the apoptosis can be promoted; in this way, miRNAs can affect the metabolism of OS cells and can also participate in the occurrence, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of OS. Some miRNAs have already been found to be closely related to the prognosis of patients with OS. Unlike other reviews, this review summarizes the miRNA molecules closely related to the development, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OS in recent years. The expression and influence of miRNA molecule on OS were discussed in detail, and the related research progress was summarized to provide a new research direction for early diagnosis and treatment of OS.

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Fast and Efficient 5′P Degradome Library Preparation for Analysis of Co-Translational Decay in Arabidopsis

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 466

Author(s):

Marie-Christine Carpentier ◽

Cécile Bousquet-Antonelli ◽

Rémy Merret

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Quality Control ◽

Transcriptional Regulation ◽

High Throughput ◽

Library Preparation ◽

Working Day ◽

Set Up ◽

Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽

Commercial Kit

The recent development of high-throughput technologies based on RNA sequencing has allowed a better description of the role of post-transcriptional regulation in gene expression. In particular, the development of degradome approaches based on the capture of 5′monophosphate decay intermediates allows the discovery of a new decay pathway called co-translational mRNA decay. Thanks to these approaches, ribosome dynamics could now be revealed by analysis of 5′P reads accumulation. However, library preparation could be difficult to set-up for non-specialists. Here, we present a fast and efficient 5′P degradome library preparation for Arabidopsis samples. Our protocol was designed without commercial kit and gel purification and can be easily done in one working day. We demonstrated the robustness and the reproducibility of our protocol. Finally, we present the bioinformatic reads-outs necessary to assess library quality control.

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Role of microRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis Induced by Asbestos

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11020097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Rakhmetkazhy Bersimbaev ◽

Olga Bulgakova ◽

Akmaral Aripova ◽

Assiya Kussainova ◽

Oralbek Ilderbayev

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Expression Profile ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

International Agency ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Lung Carcinogenesis ◽

Mrna Targets ◽

The World ◽

Post Transcriptional Regulation

MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding endogenous RNAs 19–25 nucleotides long, which play an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by targeting mRNA targets with subsequent repression of translation. MicroRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Lung cancer is usually associated with tobacco smoking. However, about 25% of lung cancer cases occur in people who have never smoked. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, asbestos has been classified as one of the cancerogenic factors for lung cancer. The mechanism of malignant transformation under the influence of asbestos is associated with the genotoxic effect of reactive oxygen species, which initiate the processes of DNA damage in the cell. However, epigenetic mechanisms such as changes in the microRNA expression profile may also be implicated in the pathogenesis of asbestos-induced lung cancer. Numerous studies have shown that microRNAs can serve as a biomarker of the effects of various adverse environmental factors on the human body. This review examines the role of microRNAs, the expression profile of which changes upon exposure to asbestos, in key processes of carcinogenesis, such as proliferation, cell survival, metastasis, neo-angiogenesis, and immune response avoidance.

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Single-cell analysis for drug development using convex lens-induced confinement imaging

BioTechniques ◽

10.2144/btn-2019-0067 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 210-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ndeye Khady Thiombane ◽

Nicolas Coutin ◽

Daniel Berard ◽

Radin Tahvildari ◽

Sabrina Leslie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Drug Response ◽

Drug Exposure ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

New Technologies ◽

Detection Sensitivity ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Sample Population ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

Convex Lens

New technologies have powered rapid advances in cellular imaging, genomics and phenotypic analysis in life sciences. However, most of these methods operate at sample population levels and provide statistical averages of aggregated data that fail to capture single-cell heterogeneity, complicating drug discovery and development. Here we demonstrate a new single-cell approach based on convex lens-induced confinement (CLiC) microscopy. We validated CLiC on yeast cells, demonstrating subcellular localization with an enhanced signal-to-noise and fluorescent signal detection sensitivity compared with traditional imaging. In the live-cell CLiC assay, cellular proliferation times were consistent with flask culture. Using methotrexate, we provide drug response data showing a fivefold cell size increase following drug exposure. Taken together, CLiC enables high-quality imaging of single-cell drug response and proliferation for extended observation periods.

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Arthropod community structure in pastures of an island archipelago (Azores): looking for local–regional species richness patterns at fine-scales

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1079/ber2004289 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 111-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

P.A.V. Borges ◽

V.K. Brown

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Local Scale ◽

Local Species Richness ◽

Β Diversity ◽

Arthropod Species ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Local Species ◽

Richness Patterns

AbstractThe arthropod species richness of pastures in three Azorean islands was used to examine the relationship between local and regional species richness over two years. Two groups of arthropods, spiders and sucking insects, representing two functionally different but common groups of pasture invertebrates were investigated. The local–regional species richness relationship was assessed over relatively fine scales: quadrats (= local scale) and within pastures (= regional scale). Mean plot species richness was used as a measure of local species richness (= α diversity) and regional species richness was estimated at the pasture level (= γ diversity) with the ‘first-order-Jackknife’ estimator. Three related issues were addressed: (i) the role of estimated regional species richness and variables operating at the local scale (vegetation structure and diversity) in determining local species richness; (ii) quantification of the relative contributions of α and β diversity to regional diversity using additive partitioning; and (iii) the occurrence of consistent patterns in different years by analysing independently between-year data. Species assemblages of spiders were saturated at the local scale (similar local species richness and increasing β-diversity in richer regions) and were more dependent on vegetational structure than regional species richness. Sucking insect herbivores, by contrast, exhibited a linear relationship between local and regional species richness, consistent with the proportional sampling model. The patterns were consistent between years. These results imply that for spiders local processes are important, with assemblages in a particular patch being constrained by habitat structure. In contrast, for sucking insects, local processes may be insignificant in structuring communities.

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