scholarly journals The Role of Nutrients in Reducing the Risk for Noncommunicable Diseases during Aging

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike J. Bruins ◽  
Peter Van Dael ◽  
Manfred Eggersdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Essential Nutrient

An increasing aging population worldwide accounts for a growing share of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) of the overall social and economic burden. Dietary and nutritional approaches are of paramount importance in the management of NCDs. As a result, nutrition programs are increasingly integrated into public health policies. At present, programs aimed at reducing the burden of NCDs have focused mostly on the excess of unhealthy nutrient intakes whereas the importance of optimizing adequate essential and semi-essential nutrient intakes and nutrient-rich diets has received less attention. Surveys indicate that nutrient intakes of the aging population are insufficient to optimally support healthy aging. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies in older adults are related to increased risk of NCDs including fatigue, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive and neuromuscular function impairments. Reviewed literature demonstrates that improving intake for certain nutrients may be important in reducing progress of NCDs such as musculoskeletal disorders, dementia, loss of vision, and cardiometabolic diseases during aging. Current knowledge concerning improving individual nutrient intakes to reduce progression of chronic disease is still emerging with varying effect sizes and levels of evidence. Most pronounced benefits of nutrients were found in participants who had low nutrient intake or status at baseline or who had increased genetic and metabolic needs for that nutrient. Authorities should implement ways to optimize essential nutrient intake as an integral part of their strategies to address NCDs.

scholarly journals The Infant Gut Microbiota and Risk of Asthma: The Effect of Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser A. Alsharairi
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Research has amply demonstrated that early life dysbiosis of the gut microbiota influences the propensity to develop asthma. The influence of maternal nutrition on infant gut microbiota is therefore of growing interest. However, a handful of prospective studies have examined the role of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy in influencing the infant gut microbiota but did not assess whether this resulted in an increased risk of asthma later in life. The mechanisms involved in the process are also, thus far, poorly documented. There have also been few studies examining the effect of maternal dietary nutrient intake during lactation on the milk microbiota, the effect on the infant gut microbiota and, furthermore, the consequences for asthma development remain largely unknown. Therefore, the specific aim of this mini review is summarizing the current knowledge regarding the effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation on the infant gut microbiota composition, and whether it has implications for asthma development.

Prospective Memory Development Across the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Zuber ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Integrative Framework

Abstract. Prospective Memory (PM; i.e., the ability to remember to perform planned tasks) represents a key proxy of healthy aging, as it relates to older adults’ everyday functioning, autonomy, and personal well-being. The current review illustrates how PM performance develops across the lifespan and how multiple cognitive and non-cognitive factors influence this trajectory. Further, a new, integrative framework is presented, detailing how those processes interplay in retrieving and executing delayed intentions. Specifically, while most previous models have focused on memory processes, the present model focuses on the role of executive functioning in PM and its development across the lifespan. Finally, a practical outlook is presented, suggesting how the current knowledge can be applied in geriatrics and geropsychology to promote healthy aging by maintaining prospective abilities in the elderly.

scholarly journals CHEK2∗1100delC Mutation and Risk of Prostate Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Hale ◽  
Maren Weischer ◽  
Jong Y. Park
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cancer Studies

Although the causes of prostate cancer are largely unknown, previous studies support the role of genetic factors in the development of prostate cancer.CHEK2plays a critical role in DNA replication by responding to double-stranded breaks. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the role of a genetic variant, 1100delC, ofCHEK2on prostate cancer risk and discuss the implication for potential translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. Currently, twelve articles that discussedCHEK2∗1100delC and its association with prostate cancer were identified. Of the twelve prostate cancer studies, five studies had independent data to draw conclusive evidence from. The pooled results of OR and 95% CI were 1.98 (1.23–3.18) for unselected cases and 3.39 (1.78–6.47) for familial cases, indicating thatCHEK2∗1100delC mutation is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Screening for CHEK2∗1100delC should be considered in men with a familial history of prostate cancer.

Role of Fur on cyanide tolerance of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1854-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracia Becerra ◽  
Rafael Blasco ◽  
Alberto Quesada ◽  
Faustino Merchán ◽  
M. Isabel Igeño
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Pseudomonas Pseudoalcaligenes ◽  
Iron Deprivation ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Storage

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 can be used in cyanide bioremediation processes because it grows at pH 9.5 using 2.0 mM cyanide at the sole nitrogen source. Cyanide strongly binds to metals creating iron-deprivation conditions. The bacterium responds to the presence of cyanide by inducing several processes such as siderophore synthesis for iron capture, cyanide-insensitive respiration system and defence mechanisms against oxidative stress. Since high concentrations of cyanide cause iron deficiency and because iron is an essential nutrient, bacterial growth in the presence of cyanide requires an efficient iron uptake. Fur is a global transcription factor that regulates a diversity of biological processes such as iron homoeostasis, TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle metabolism and oxidative stress response. Fur's regulation of iron uptake and storage genes should play a significant role in the lives of these bacteria. In the present review, current knowledge of Fur is summarized.

scholarly journals Vehicle Occupancy and Crash Risk

2005 ◽  
Vol 1908 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Geyer ◽  
David R. Ragland
Keyword(s):  
Reporting System ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Seat Belt Use ◽  
Teenage Drivers

This study explores the association between vehicle occupancy and a driver's risk of causing a fatal crash, not wearing a seat belt, and using alcohol. The survey population is the set of drivers represented in the Fatal Analysis Reporting System for 1992 to 2002. The independent variables are driver age, driver gender, passenger age, passenger gender, and vehicle occupancy. The outcome variables are whether the driver was at fault in causing the fatal crash, whether the driver wore a seat belt, and whether the driver had used alcohol. For male teenage drivers, driving with teenage passengers correlated with an increased risk of causing a crash. For all female drivers and for male drivers over age 40, passenger presence correlated with a reduced risk of causing a fatal crash. Drivers ages 15 to 30 were less likely to wear a seat belt when passengers were present than when driving solo. Drivers age 50 and older had higher rates of seat belt use when passengers were present. This protective effect of passengers was stronger for male drivers than female drivers, and for male drivers the effect increased by age. Drivers ages 15 to 34 accompanied by passengers were more likely to have consumed alcohol than solo drivers of the same age group. These results offer an interesting perspective for research in the area of driver distraction, and they update current knowledge on older drivers and the role of seat belt and alcohol awareness.

scholarly journals Cancer and Aging: Two Tightly Interconnected Biological Processes

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1400
Author(s):  
Lieze Berben ◽  
Giuseppe Floris ◽  
Hans Wildiers ◽  
Sigrid Hatse
Keyword(s):  
Older Patients ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Geriatric Oncology ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Age is one of the main risk factors of cancer; several biological changes linked with the aging process can explain this. As our population is progressively aging, the proportion of older patients with cancer is increasing significantly. Due to the heterogeneity of general health and functional status amongst older persons, treatment of cancer is a major challenge in this vulnerable population. Older patients often experience more side effects of anticancer treatments. Over-treatment should be avoided to ensure an optimal quality of life. On the other hand, under-treatment due to fear of toxicity is a frequent problem and can lead to an increased risk of relapse and worse survival. There is a delicate balance between benefits of therapy and risk of toxicity. Robust biomarkers that reflect the body’s biological age may aid in outlining optimal individual treatment regimens for older patients with cancer. In particular, the impact of age on systemic immunity and the tumor immune infiltrate should be considered, given the expanding role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the mechanistic connections between aging and cancer, as well as aging biomarkers that could be helpful in the field of geriatric oncology.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: An Overview From Pathophysiology to Pharmacological Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Lucafò ◽  
Debora Curci ◽  
Martina Franzin ◽  
Giuliana Decorti ◽  
Gabriele Stocco
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Pharmacological Prevention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients has been attributed to long-standing chronic inflammation, with the contribution of genetic alterations and environmental factors such as the microbiota. Moreover, accumulating data indicate that IBD-associated CRC (IBD-CRC) may initiate and develop through a pathway of tumorigenesis distinct from that of sporadic CRC. This mini-review summarizes the current knowledge of IBD-CRC, focusing on the main mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis, and on the important role of immunomodulators and biologics used to treat IBD patients in interfering with the inflammatory process involved in carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Perspectives of incretin mimetics in cardiovascular diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
João Felipe R. Cardoso ◽  
Célia Cohen ◽  
Fernanda J. Medeiros ◽  
Fabiano M. Serfaty ◽  
Mario F. T. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Incretin Mimetics ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (DM2) is a chronic conditionassociated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases,neuropathies, nephropathies and eye diseases. Incretins (GIPand GLP-1) are hormones important to insulin secretion, andtheir actions are compromised in DM2 patients. Objectives:This review considers the opportunities and challenges ofusing incretin mimetics in the treatment of DM2. Methods:Bibliographic review referring to the period from 2000 to2020, in electronic databases such as Scielo, Lilacs, PubMed,Web of Science. Results: Incretins stimulate insulin secretionby the pancreas in response to nutrient intake, with a lowerpotential to cause hypoglycemia. In addition, they have acardioprotective role, reducing blood pressure, improvingendothelial and myocardial function, and their use has beenassociated with a reduction in the risk of cardiovascularevents, including cardiovascular mortality. Clinical trialswith GLP-1R agonists (GLP-1RA) reduced albuminuria, increasednatriuresis, and decreased oxidative stress. In addition,treatment with incretin mimetics reduced the occurrence ofthe main cardiovascular outcomes related to atherosclerosis,promoted weight loss and improved lipid profile. Conclusion:Studies show the important role of incretin mimetics in thepathophysiology and treatment of DM2, with significanteffects in the cardiovascular system. However, its use must beevaluated in relation to its safety and to in which individualsthe benefits outweigh the risks associated with the treatment.Thus, its clinical relevance depends on studies with long-termfollow-up of patients, with analysis of its impact on mortalityand on the development of micro and macrovascularcomplications.

scholarly journals Obesity, pregnancy, inflammation, and vascular function

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
F C Denison ◽  
K A Roberts ◽  
S M Barr ◽  
J E Norman
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Tissue Biology ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Maternal obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality for both mother and offspring. The mechanisms underlying the increased risk associated with maternal obesity are not well understood. In non-pregnant populations, many of the complications of obesity are thought to be mediated in part by inflammation and its sequelae. Recent studies suggest that a heightened inflammatory response may also be involved in mediating adverse clinical outcomes during pregnancy. This review summarizes our current knowledge about adipose tissue biology, and its role as an endocrine and inflammatory organ. The evidence for inflammation as a key mediator of adverse pregnancy outcome is also presented, focusing on the role of inflammation in adipose tissue, systemic inflammation, the placenta, and vascular endothelium.

scholarly journals Current Molecular Concept of Oral Carcinogenesis and Invasion

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfujul Haq Khan ◽  
Masuma Pervin Mishu ◽  
Syed Touseef Imam
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
Molecular Concept

Oral cancer is the commonest cancer in the South East Asia. Approximately 20-30% suffer from oral caner in out of all cancer patients diagnosed each year in this subcontinent. In Bangladesh the chronic use of betel quid and chewing tobacco in the mouth has been strongly associated with an increased risk for oral cancer. The last two-decade has been enormous advances in our understanding of cancer at molecular level. This review will give a out line of current knowledge of oral cancer, including basic over view of genetic mechanism involving cell regulation and cancer production. It is generally accepted that neoplasm arises from series of genetic alteration that lead to cellular proliferation & differentiation. In this review article, a brief discussion of important gene responsible for oral cancer, role of oncogenic viruses and molecular aspect of oral cancer progression, invasion & metastasis has been described. Key words: Oral Cancer; invasion; molecular concept. DOI: 10.3329/medtoday.v22i1.5605 Medicine Today Vol.22(1) 2010. 38-42

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