scholarly journals Plasma Transthyretin as A Biomarker of Sarcopenia in Elderly Subjects

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Ingenbleek
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Screening Programs

Skeletal muscle (SM) mass, the chief component of the structural compartment belonging to lean body mass (LBM), undergoes sarcopenia with increasing age. Decreased SM in elderly persons is a naturally occurring process that may be accelerated by acute or chronic nutritional deficiencies and/or inflammatory disorders, declining processes associated with harmful complications. A recently published position paper by European experts has provided an overall survey on the definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia in elderly persons. The present review describes the additional contributory role played by the noninvasive transthyretin (TTR) micromethod. The body mass index (BMI) formula is currently used in clinical studies as a criterion of good health to detect, prevent, and follow up on the downward trend of muscle mass. The recent upsurge of sarcopenic obesity with its multiple subclasses has led to a confused stratification of SM and fat stores, prompting workers to eliminate BMI from screening programs. As a result, investigators are now focusing on indices of protein status that participate in SM growth, maturation, and catabolism that might serve to identify sarcopenia trajectories. Plasma TTR is clearly superior to all other hepatic biomarkers, showing the same evolutionary patterns as those displayed in health and disease by both visceral and structural LBM compartments. As a result, this TTR parameter maintains positive correlations with muscle mass downsizing in elderly persons. The liver synthesis of TTR is downregulated in protein-depleted states and suppressed in cytokine-induced inflammatory disorders. TTR integrates the centrally-mediated regulatory mechanisms governing the balance between protein accretion and protein breakdown, emerging as the ultimate indicator of LBM resources. This review proposes the adoption of a gray zone defined by cut-off values ranging from 200 mg/L to 100 mg/L between which TTR plasma values may fluctuate and predict either the best or the worst outcome. The best outcome occurs when appropriate dietary, medicinal and surgical decisions are undertaken, resuming TTR synthesis which manifests rising trends towards pre-stress levels. The worst occurs when all therapeutic means fail to succeed, leading inevitably to complete exhaustion of LBM and SM metabolic resources with an ensuing fatal outcome. Some patients may remain unresponsive in the middle of the gray area, combining steady clinical states with persistent stagnant TTR values. Using the serial measurement of plasma TTR values, these last patients should be treated with the most aggressive and appropriate therapeutic strategies to ensure the best outcome.

scholarly journals Ultrasound assessment of muscle mass in the diagnosis of sarcopenia in cardiovascular patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 2699
Author(s):  
A. S. Erokhina ◽  
E. D. Golovanova ◽  
M. A. Miloserdov
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
The Body ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
European Working ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Artery Disease

Aim. To study the advantages of ultrasound versus anthropometric assessment of muscle mass for early diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients >45 years of age.Material and methods. The study included 79 patients aged 4589 years with coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, class 1-3 obesity. Diagnosis of hypertension was carried out according to the European (2018) and Russian (2019) guidelines; CAD — according to Russian Society of Cardiology (2020) guidelines. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to 2010 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria and 2018 EWGSOP2 guidelines. Muscle mass (MM) was determined by two methods: 1 — by measuring the rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) thickness using the ultrasound; 2 — by measuring the arm and lower leg circumference. Muscle strength was determined by wrist dynamometer. Muscle function was assessed using the 4-m gait speed test.Results. The study showed that in patients aged >45 years admitted to the emergency cardiology department, the body mass index exceeded 25 kg/m2 in 88,6% of cases. The incidence of sarcopenia of varying severity was 55,7% (n=44). The differences in RAM thickness, arm and lower leg circumference between the groups of patients with/without sarcopenia were significant (p<0,001), but were less than the threshold only for RAM thickness. RAM thickness levels progressively decreased with increasing severity of sarcopenia and significantly differed at all stages compared to patients without sarcopenia (p<0,001), regardless of body mass index. A decrease in lower leg circumference below the threshold values determining a MM decrease was observed only in severe sarcopenia, and arm circumference — in both men and women only in severe sarcopenia. There were no significant differences for arm and lower leg circumference depending on sarcopenia stages in overweight and obese patients.Conclusion. MM assessment by measuring RAM thickness with ultrasound in comparison with the anthropometric method makes it possible to diagnose sarcopenia in patients >45 years of age with cardiovascular diseases and obesity at earlier stages and to promptly recommend preventive measures.

scholarly journals FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN OSTEOPOROSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
Helfrida Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
History Of

The irreversible risk factors for osteoporosis are age, gender, race, family / hereditary history, body shape and history of fractures. The risk factors for osteoporosis that can be changed are smoking, vitamin and nutritional deficiencies, lifestyle, eating disorders (anorexia nervosa), early menopause, and the use of certain drugs such as corticosteroids, glucocorticosteroids, and diuretics. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of osteoporosis. The research design used was non-experimental, namely a correlational research design, namely research conducted to determine the relationship between two variables. The population in this study were all osteoporosis patients with age. over 45 years old who seek treatment at the Puskesmas Gunting Saga Kec. Kualuh Selatan District of North Labuhan Batu totaling 45 people. The sampling method used was the total sampling technique, which was the same as the population of 45 people. Data collection used is the method of filling out a questionnaire which includes written questions used to obtain data information from the questionnaire. The data analysis conducted was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. In this study, researchers still adhere to ethical principles. The results illustrate that the respondents are mostly 51-65 years old as many as 27 people (60%). Most of the sex of respondents were women as many as 37 people (82.2 %%). Most of the respondents had no history of osteoporosis as many as 31 people (68.9%). Most of the body mass index of respondents whose body mass index was over 34 people (75.6%). Most of the respondents in the smoking category did not smoke as many as 32 people (71.7%). Most of the respondents' physical activity in the category of independent physical activity was 38 people (84.4%). The conclusion is that there is no relationship between age, sex, family history, body mass index, and smoking with the incidence of osteoporosis. Meanwhile, physical activity has a relationshipwithosteoporosis.   Abstrak Faktor-faktor resiko osteoporosis yang tidak dapat diubah yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, ras, riwayat keluarga/keturunan, bentuk tubuh dan sejarah patah tulang. Faktor–faktor resiko osteoporosis yang dapat diubah adalah merokok, defisiensi vitamin dan gizi, gaya hidup, gangguan makan (anoreksia nervosa), menopause dini, serta penggunaan obat-obatan tertentu seperti kortikosteroid, glukokortikosteroid, serta diuretik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian osteoporosis Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah non eksperimen yaitu rancangan atau desain penelitian yang bersifat korelasional yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan dua variabel.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pasien osteoporosis dengan usia diatas 45 tahun yang berobat di Puskesmas Gunting Saga Kec. Kualuh Selatan Kab Labuhan Batu Utara berjumlah 45 orang.Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dengan teknik total sampling yaitu sama dengan populasi adalah sebanyak 45 orang. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode pengisian kuesioner yang meliputi pertanyaan tertulis yang digunakan untuk memperoleh informasidata dari kuesioner.Analisa data yang dilakukan adalah analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti tetap berpedoman pada prinsip-prinsip etik.Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa responden sebagian besar berumur 51-65 tahun sebanyak 27 orang (60%). Jenis kelamin responden sebagian besar wanita sebanyak  37 orang (82.2%%).Riwayat keluarga responden sebagian besar berstatus tidak ada riwayat osteoporosis sebanyak 31 orang (68.9%).Indeks masa tubuh responden sebagian besar Indeks masa tubuh lebih sebanyak 34 orang (75.6%).Merokok responden sebagian besar kategori tidak merokok sebanyak 32 orang (71.7%).Aktivitas fisik responden sebagian besar kategori aktivitas fisik mandiri sebanyak 38 orang (84.4%).Kesimpulan bahwa tidak ada hubungan umur, jeniskelamin, riwayat keluarga,indeks massa tubuh,dan merokok dengan kejadian osteoporosis. Sedangkan aktivitas fisikada hubungan dengan kejadian osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status of students in Novi Sad // Antropometrijske karakteristike i stanje ishranjenosti studenata u Novom Sadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Stevanović ◽  
Jelena Bjelanović ◽  
Bojana Babin
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Novi Sad

Nutrition is the satisfaction of the needs of the organism for energy, nutrients and protective substances. A well-balanced diet is a prerequisite for good health and protection against illness. The aim of the research is to determine the anthropometric characteristics and the state of nutrition in students of different directions and ages; and make a comparison of the results obtained with respect to gender, age, and study direction.Anthropometric measurements were performed from May to June of 2013. The sample was made by students of the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, age from 20 to 36 years of age, chosen by the random selection method. The research involved 64 students stratified by gender, years of life and study direction. The first degree of malnutrition has 13 respondents. Of the total number of subjects, 41 subjects were physiologically nourished. BMI values in the category of pre-hospitality have 8 respondents. Male males have higher average values of body mass index compared to females. Obesity occurs (3.28%) in males. The highest average values of the Body Mass Index have students in the age category. The statistically significant difference is between the mean values of the body mass index versus gender, where men have higher values. Poisoned subjects have 13, and most of them are physiologically nourished. Advocacy is more common in men. Women have a higher average skin thickness compared to men, which is not statistically significant compared to age and study. The highest average value of the measure of the volume of the waist is recorded by persons of male sex, but it is not statistically significant difference in relation to age and study direction.

Beyond Body Mass Index. Is the Body Cell Mass Index (BCMI) a useful prognostic factor to describe nutritional, inflammation and muscle mass status in hospitalized elderly?

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 934-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Rondanelli ◽  
Jacopo Talluri ◽  
Gabriella Peroni ◽  
Chiara Donelli ◽  
Fabio Guerriero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Cell Mass ◽  
Body Cell ◽  
Hospitalized Elderly

scholarly journals The Relationship between Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Body Composition among Students at a Pre-University Centre in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
You HW ◽  
Tan PL ◽  
Mat Ludin AF
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
University Students ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity is an essential element in our daily life that leads to long-term health benefits. Physical activity refers to movement of the body that requires energy. Body mass index (BMI) indicates a ratio of body weight to squared height, which is a useful health indicator. On the contrary, body composition describes the body by measuring percentages of fat and muscle in human bodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activities, BMI and body composition among pre-university students from one of the universities in Selangor, Malaysia. Stratified random sampling was employed to recruit 70 pre-university students into this study. RESULTS: From the study, 50% of the respondents are categorized as minimally active. In addition, there is significant difference between the physical activity levels of male and female respondents. The relationship between physical activity and BMI indicates a very weak negative correlation. Similarly, the correlation between physical activity and fat mass is a weak negative relationship. Meanwhile, there is a weak positive correlation between physical activity and muscle mass. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be concluded that when physical activity increases, BMI and body fat mass will decrease, while muscle mass will increase. Moreover, it was shown that there was a significant relationship between physical activity and body composition. 

scholarly journals Sensitivity and specificity of the body mass index for the diagnosis of overweight/obesity in elderly

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos ◽  
Braian Alves Cordeiro ◽  
Cassiano Ricardo Rech ◽  
Edio Luiz Petroski
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Low Sensitivity

The aim of this article was to verify the sensitivity and specificity of the body mass index (BMI) cut-off points proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) for the diagnosis of obesity in the elderly. A cross-sectional study was made with 180 healthy elderly subjects from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Body fat percentage (%BF) was determined using DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry). The BMI cut-off point of the NSI offers better sensitivity and specificity for men (73.7% and 72.5% respectively). For women, the lower the cut-off point the better the sensitivity, with a BMI of 25kg/m² (sensitivity of 76.3% and specificity of 100%) being the most accurate for diagnosing obesity in elderly women. The WHO cut-off point offered very low sensitivity (28.9%). The results of this investigation lead to the conclusion that the cut-off points proposed by the WHO and the ones adopted by the NSI and by Lipschitz are not good indicators of obesity for the elderly of either sex, since they offer low sensitivity.

scholarly journals Growth and Development of Homeothermy in Nestling European Shags (Phalacrocorax Aristotelis)

The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-995
Author(s):  
Jan Eivind Østnes ◽  
BjØrn Munro Jenssen ◽  
Claus Bech ◽  
D. Nettleship
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Water Fraction

Abstract European Shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) nestlings were studied on a small island off the coast of central Norway. Increase in body mass (BM) with age (t, days) was described by the logistic equation: BM = 1,622 g/[1 + e−0.172(t−19.9)]. All growth parameters measured (body mass, and length of tarsus, wing and head) showed highest relative growth rate when the nestlings were 5–10 days old, that is, before the nestlings had achieved homeothermy. An incipient endothermic response was noted when nestlings were 9 days old, and they became homeothermic at ages of 15–18 days. Respective mass-specific resting metabolic rates for nestlings 0, 15, and 45 days old were 47, 261, and 147% of the predicted value for adult nonpasserine birds of similar body masses. Mass-specific minimal thermal conductance decreased from 366% of predicted adult value at hatching, to 220% of that predicted when nestlings were 21 days old. For nestlings 15 days old, the factorial metabolic scope (resting metabolic rate/peak metabolic rate) was only 1.5, but that increased rapidly thereafter. Rapid increase in the mass-specific RMR and decrease in minimal thermal conductance is suggested to contribute importantly to improve homeothermic ability during the first two weeks of the developmental period. At hatching, leg and pectoral muscles constituted 5.3 and 2.2%, respectively, of total wet body mass. Relative leg-muscle mass increased rapidly and had almost reached adult proportions when the nestlings were 25–30 days old. In contrast, pectoral-muscle mass increased in an almost direct proportion to the body mass during the first 30 days of the growth period, and increased rapidly thereafter. At hatching, the water fraction (water content/lipid-free wet mass) was significantly lower in the leg than in the pectoral muscles (0.920 vs. 0.931). The water fraction of leg muscles also remained lower during the entire growth period. Judging from the proportionately greater mass and higher degree of maturity of the leg compared to pectoral muscles, the former would seem to be the main site of cold-induced heat production during early development of homeothermy in European Shag nestlings.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of leucine on muscle protein synthesis, lean body mass and leg lean mass accretion in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe-rong Xu ◽  
Zhong-ju Tan ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Qi-feng Gui ◽  
Yun-mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Leucine Supplementation ◽  
Synthetic Rate ◽  
Fractional Synthetic Rate

In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the ability of leucine supplementation to increase the muscle protein fraction synthetic rate and to augment lean body mass or leg lean mass in elderly patients. A literature search was conducted on Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases up to 31 December 2013 for clinical trials that investigated the administration of leucine as a nutrient that affects muscle protein metabolism and muscle mass in elderly subjects. The included studies were randomised controlled trials. The primary outcome for the meta-analysis was the protein fractional synthetic rate. Secondary outcomes included lean body mass and leg lean mass. A total of nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the muscle protein fractional synthetic rate after intervention significantly increased in the leucine group compared with the control group (pooled standardised difference in mean changes 1·08, 95 % CI 0·50, 1·67; P< 0·001). No difference was found between the groups in relation to lean body mass (pooled standardised difference in mean changes 0·18, 95 % CI − 0·18, 0·54; P= 0·318) or leg lean mass (pooled standardised difference in mean changes 0·006, 95 % CI − 0·32, 0·44; P= 0·756). These findings suggest that leucine supplementation is useful to address the age-related decline in muscle mass in elderly individuals, as it increases the muscle protein fractional synthetic rate.

The Effect of 4 Weeks Treatment with a 2-gram Daily Dose of Pyruvate on Body Composition in Healthy Trained Men

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergej M. Ostojic ◽  
Zlatko Ahmetovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
Regional Muscle

The principal aim of this study was to determine the effects of short-term (28 days) pyruvate supplementation on body composition in young healthy men. Twenty-two young (mean age, 22.2 ± 2.7 years) male soccer players were allocated to two randomly assigned groups in a placebo-controlled, double-blind design. Subjects in the pyruvate group orally ingested tablets that contained pyruvate at a dose of 2 g per day in two equal doses for 4 weeks. There were no statistically significant changes in weight and body-mass index (BMI) within or between groups (p>0.05) after the supplementation protocol. Percentage of body fat decreased similarly in both pyruvate and placebo groups after the supplementation protocol (p>0.05). There were no changes in waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), arm fat index (AFI), and total or regional muscle mass within or between groups (p>0.05). No subject reported any side effects from pyruvate or placebo treatment. The results of the present study indicate that supplementation with pyruvate during training does not significantly alter the body mass, fat, and muscle mass in healthy trained men. Pyruvate supplementation appears to be ineffective as a fat loss strategy in young athletes.

scholarly journals Hubungan Status Sosial Ekonomi dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) di Kecamatan Tamalanrea Kota Makassar

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Meilinda Aji Syahputri ◽  
Zulfahmidah Zulfahmidah ◽  
Windy Nurul Aisyah
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Nutrition is a factor that plays an important role in the development of a nation. One simple waythat can be used to determine nutritional status is to measure the Body Mass Index (BMI) or Body Mass Index(BMI). One of the factors that play a role in determining a person's nutritional status is the socioeconomic level.The socio-economic level includes education, income, and work which are indirect causes of nutritionalproblems. Efforts to improve good health are related to economic capacity with income levels and socialconditions of household members. How economics plays a role in the health record of each individual. Thepurpose of this study was to see the status of the socio-economic relationship with the Body Mass Index (BMI).Methods: This study is a descriptive research design. Data collected using a questionnaire. The data of thisstudy were categorical variables from 2 groups so that it used the Chi-Square test. Results: From 84 samples,based on the calculation of IBM SPSS Statistic 23 using the Chi-Square analysis test, it was obtained that the P-value (0.125) ≥ 0.05, then H0 was accepted and Ha was rejected, meaning that there was no influence of BMIinfluence on socio-economic factors. Conclusion: There is no relationship between socioeconomic status andBody Mass Index (BMI).

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