scholarly journals FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN OSTEOPOROSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
Helfrida Situmorang

The irreversible risk factors for osteoporosis are age, gender, race, family / hereditary history, body shape and history of fractures. The risk factors for osteoporosis that can be changed are smoking, vitamin and nutritional deficiencies, lifestyle, eating disorders (anorexia nervosa), early menopause, and the use of certain drugs such as corticosteroids, glucocorticosteroids, and diuretics. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of osteoporosis. The research design used was non-experimental, namely a correlational research design, namely research conducted to determine the relationship between two variables. The population in this study were all osteoporosis patients with age. over 45 years old who seek treatment at the Puskesmas Gunting Saga Kec. Kualuh Selatan District of North Labuhan Batu totaling 45 people. The sampling method used was the total sampling technique, which was the same as the population of 45 people. Data collection used is the method of filling out a questionnaire which includes written questions used to obtain data information from the questionnaire. The data analysis conducted was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. In this study, researchers still adhere to ethical principles. The results illustrate that the respondents are mostly 51-65 years old as many as 27 people (60%). Most of the sex of respondents were women as many as 37 people (82.2 %%). Most of the respondents had no history of osteoporosis as many as 31 people (68.9%). Most of the body mass index of respondents whose body mass index was over 34 people (75.6%). Most of the respondents in the smoking category did not smoke as many as 32 people (71.7%). Most of the respondents' physical activity in the category of independent physical activity was 38 people (84.4%). The conclusion is that there is no relationship between age, sex, family history, body mass index, and smoking with the incidence of osteoporosis. Meanwhile, physical activity has a relationshipwithosteoporosis.   Abstrak Faktor-faktor resiko osteoporosis yang tidak dapat diubah yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, ras, riwayat keluarga/keturunan, bentuk tubuh dan sejarah patah tulang. Faktor–faktor resiko osteoporosis yang dapat diubah adalah merokok, defisiensi vitamin dan gizi, gaya hidup, gangguan makan (anoreksia nervosa), menopause dini, serta penggunaan obat-obatan tertentu seperti kortikosteroid, glukokortikosteroid, serta diuretik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian osteoporosis Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah non eksperimen yaitu rancangan atau desain penelitian yang bersifat korelasional yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan dua variabel.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pasien osteoporosis dengan usia diatas 45 tahun yang berobat di Puskesmas Gunting Saga Kec. Kualuh Selatan Kab Labuhan Batu Utara berjumlah 45 orang.Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dengan teknik total sampling yaitu sama dengan populasi adalah sebanyak 45 orang. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode pengisian kuesioner yang meliputi pertanyaan tertulis yang digunakan untuk memperoleh informasidata dari kuesioner.Analisa data yang dilakukan adalah analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti tetap berpedoman pada prinsip-prinsip etik.Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa responden sebagian besar berumur 51-65 tahun sebanyak 27 orang (60%). Jenis kelamin responden sebagian besar wanita sebanyak  37 orang (82.2%%).Riwayat keluarga responden sebagian besar berstatus tidak ada riwayat osteoporosis sebanyak 31 orang (68.9%).Indeks masa tubuh responden sebagian besar Indeks masa tubuh lebih sebanyak 34 orang (75.6%).Merokok responden sebagian besar kategori tidak merokok sebanyak 32 orang (71.7%).Aktivitas fisik responden sebagian besar kategori aktivitas fisik mandiri sebanyak 38 orang (84.4%).Kesimpulan bahwa tidak ada hubungan umur, jeniskelamin, riwayat keluarga,indeks massa tubuh,dan merokok dengan kejadian osteoporosis. Sedangkan aktivitas fisikada hubungan dengan kejadian osteoporosis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Feby Esmiralda ◽  
Aila Karyus ◽  
Kodrat Pramudho

DM is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and cause serious complications with an increasing prevalence rate. Control of risk factors that affect the incidence of DM is needed to prevent the emergence of DM and delay disease complications. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors that influence the incidence of type 2 diabetes outpatients at the DKT Bandar Lampung Hospital. This type of research is quantitative observational analytic with a case control approach. The population came from all patients undergoing outpatient treatment at the Internal Medicine Department of the DKT Hospital in Bandar Lampung with 44 case samples and 44 control samples. Data analysis used univariate analysis with percentages, bivariate analysis with Chi Square and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression. The results showed that there was a significant influence between the risk factors for age (p value 0.017), hereditary history of diabetes (p value 0.03), physical activity (p value 0.002) and obesity (p value 0.001) with the incidence of type 2 diabetes, while a history of hypertension has no effect on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (p value 0.135). Meanwhile, the most dominant variable influencing the incidence of outpatient type 2 diabetes mellitus at DKT Bandar Lampung Hospital is physical activity with OR 5.29. Maximum promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative efforts are needed to control risk factors for type 2 diabetes


Author(s):  
Debora Lestari Simamora ◽  
Heru Santosa ◽  
Sorimuda Sarumpaet

Berdasarkan data Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan bahwa jumlah penderita hipertensi selama 3 tahun terakhir mengalami peningkatan. Tahun 2014  jumlah penderita hipertensi 378 orang, tahun 2015 sebanyak 384 orang, dan  tahun 2016 sebanyak 394 orang. Dari 394 penderita  hipertensi tersebut, sebanyak 214 orang adalah WUS Banyak faktor yang diduga menjadi penyebab hipertensi pada WUS, salah satunya indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh indeks massa tubuh terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada WUSPenelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dan bersifat kuantitatif dengan rancangan kasus kontrol (case control). Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 8.547 orang dan sampel diperoleh sebanyak 166 orang yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, masing-masing 83 orang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dengan chi-square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks massa tubuh kelompok kasus dalam kategori obesitas (69,9%), pada kelompok kontrol, responden yang obesitas (7,2%). Variabel indeks massa tubuh (IMT) berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada WUS di wilayah Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan, p < 0,05. Disarankan kepada Kepala Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan untuk menginformasikan kepada WUS agar menjaga pola makan dan melakukan gaya hidup sehat serta melakukan pemeriksaan tekanan darah secara rutin di puskesmas agar diketahui  sejak dini komplikasi lain yang dapat menyertai  peningkatan tekanan darah. Based on data from the Medan Pulo Brayan Puskesmas that the number of hypertensive sufferers over the past 3 years has increased. In 2014 there were 378 people with hypertension, in 2015 there were 384 people, and in 2016 there were 394 people. Of the 394 people with hypertension, 214 people are WUS. Many factors are thought to be the cause of hypertension in WUS, one of them is body mass index (BMI). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of body mass index on the incidence of hypertension in WUS. This study is an analytical and quantitative study with a case control design. The study was conducted in the area of Pulo Brayan Puskesmas Medan. The study population was 8,547 people and the sample was 166 people divided into 2 groups, 83 people each. Data analysis used univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi-square with a confidence level of 95% ( = 0.05). The results showed that the body mass index of the case group was in the obesity category (69.9%), in the control group, respondents were obese (7.2%). Body mass index (BMI) variable influences the incidence of hypertension in WUS in the Pulo Brayan Puskesmas area, p <0.05. It is recommended to the Head of the Pulo Brayan Medan Puskesmas to inform WUS to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle and to carry out routine blood pressure checks at the puskesmas so that other complications can be identified early on that can accompany an increase in blood pressure.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110185
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Nanda ◽  
Audry S. Chacin Suarez ◽  
Loren Toussaint ◽  
Ann Vincent ◽  
Karen M. Fischer ◽  
...  

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to investigate body mass index, multi-morbidity, and COVID-19 Risk Score as predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Patients Patients from this study are from a well-characterized patient cohort collected at Mayo Clinic between January 1, 2020 and May 23, 2020; with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis defined as a positive result on reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assays from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Measures Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical record. The data included: date of birth, gender, ethnicity, race, marital status, medications (active COVID-19 agents), weight and height (from which the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated, history of smoking, and comorbid conditions to calculate the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) multi-morbidity score. An additional COVID-19 Risk Score was also included. Outcomes included hospital admission, ICU admission, and death. Results Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the impact on mortality or hospital admission. Age, sex, and race (white/Latino, white/non-Latino, other, did not disclose) were adjusted for in the model. Patients with higher COVID-19 Risk Scores had a significantly higher likelihood of being at least admitted to the hospital (HR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.30, 2.50; P < .001), or experiencing death or inpatient admission (includes ICU admissions) (HR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.42; P = .028). Age was the only statistically significant demographic predictor, but obesity was not a significant predictor of any of the outcomes. Conclusion Age and COVID-19 Risk Scores were significant predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Further work should examine the properties of the COVID-19 Risk Factors Scale.


2021 ◽  
pp. 205141582098403
Author(s):  
Antônio Antunes Rodrigues ◽  
Valdair Muglia ◽  
Emanuel Veras de Albuquerque ◽  
Rafael Ribeiro Mori ◽  
Rafael Neuppmann Feres ◽  
...  

Objective: To identify risk factors for major post-biopsy complications under augmented prophylaxis protocol. The risk factors already described mainly comprise outdated antibiotic prophylaxis protocols. Material and methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients that underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies, from 2011 to 2016. All patients had received antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of post-biopsy complications. Demographic variables and possible risk factors based on routine clinical assessment were registered. Correlation tests, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for post-biopsy complications. Results: Of the 404 patients that were included, 25 (6.2%) presented 27 post-biopsy complications, distributed as follows: acute urinary retention ( n = 14, 3.5%), infections ( n = 11, 2.7%) and hemorrhage ( n = 2, 0.5%). On univariate analysis, patients who presented complications showed higher body mass index and post-voiding residual volumes. Multivariate analysis identified ethnicity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density as possible risk factors for biopsy complications. The presence of bacterial resistance identified by rectal swabs did not correlate with the incidence of complications and infections. Conclusions: Non-infectious post-biopsy complications were more frequent than infectious ones in this cohort. Higher post-voiding residual volumes and PSA density, that indicates prostate enlargement, were identified as risk factors and interpreted as secondary to bladder outlet obstruction. The higher body mass index and ethnicity were also identified as risk factors and attributed to the heterogeneity of the patients included. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1952
Author(s):  
Anna Johansson ◽  
Isabel Drake ◽  
Gunnar Engström ◽  
Stefan Acosta

Risk factors for ischemic stroke is suggested to differ by etiologic subtypes. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and atherothrombotic stroke (i.e., excluding cardioembolic stroke), and to examine if the potential benefit of modifiable lifestyle factors differs among subjects with and without predisposing comorbidities. After a median follow-up of 21.2 years, 2339 individuals were diagnosed with atherothrombotic stroke out of 26,547 study participants from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study. Using multivariable Cox regression, we examined non-modifiable (demographics and family history of stroke), semi-modifiable comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic disease), and modifiable (smoking, body mass index, diet quality, physical activity, and alcohol intake) risk factors in relation to atherothrombotic stroke. Higher age, male gender, family history of stroke, and low educational level increased the risk of atherothrombotic stroke as did predisposing comorbidities. Non-smoking (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–0.68), high diet quality (HR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.97) and high leisure-time physical activity (HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.80–0.98) decreased the risk of atherothrombotic ischemic stroke independent of established risk factors, with non-significant associations with body mass index and alcohol intake. The effect of the lifestyle factors was independent of predisposing comorbidities at baseline. The adverse effects of several cardiovascular risk factors were confirmed in this study of atherothrombotic stroke. Smoking cessation, improving diet quality and increasing physical activity level is likely to lower risk of atherothrombotic stroke in the general population as well as in patient groups at high risk.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. e17-e20
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tanaka ◽  
Kenji Ishii ◽  
Kyoko Matsumoto ◽  
Koushirou Miura ◽  
Ayako Kihara ◽  
...  

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 497 patients who underwent tonsillectomy at Kamio Memorial Hospital from September 2015 to August 2018. A total of 35 cases (7.0%) developed postoperative bleeding and three cases (0.6%) needed a second operation under general anesthesia to stop the bleeding. Postoperative bleeding most frequently occurred between 24 hours and 6 days after the operation. The incidence of postoperative bleeding was significantly higher in males and in patients aged 20 to 39 years old. The operation time, body mass index, smoking habit, and history of hypertension were not identified as clinical risk factors for bleeding after tonsillectomy in this study.


Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 271-274
Author(s):  
Manuela Costa ◽  
Tânia Oliveira ◽  
Jorge Mota ◽  
Maria Paula Santos ◽  
José Carlos Ribeiro

Objective: The objective of this study was twofold. First, analyze physical activity (PA) levels during physical education (PE) with different durations (45 and 90 minutes) according to student’s obesity status. Secondly, we examine the relative contribution of 45 and 90 minutes PE (45PE and 90PE) for the compliance of the daily PA recommendations according to the body mass index (BMI). Methods: Four public schools were analyzed. The sample comprised 472 youngsters (266 girls) aged between 10 and 18 years old. PA was assessed using an Actigraph accelerometer. The participants were categorized as non-overweight (NOW) and overweight/obese (OW) according to the sex-adjusted BMI. Results: The proportion of Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) was lower than the 50% recommended by guidelines regardless the PE duration. Our data showed that only 26% of NOW and 13% of OW in the 45PE achieved the recommended levels while 17% of NOW and 11% of OW achieved the recommendation in 90PE. Overall, the 90PE had a higher absolute contribution for daily MVPA recommendations compliance than 45PE. Conclusion: During PE classes youngsters spent a reduced amount of time in MVPA, independently of their weight status.Resumen. Objetivo: Este estudio tiene un doble objetivo. En primero lugar, analizar los niveles de la actividad física durante la educación física con diferentes duraciones (45 y 90 minutos) de acuerdo con el estado de la obesidad de los alumnos. En segundo lugar, se analiza la contribución relativa de 45 y 90 minutos de la educación física para el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones diarias de actividad física según el índice de masa grasa. Métodos: cuatro escuelas públicas fueran analizadas. La muestra fue de 472 jóvenes (266 chicas) con edades entre los 10 y 18 años. La actividad física fue medida utilizando un acelerómetro Actigraph. Los participantes fueran clasificados como sin sobrepeso y con sobrepeso/obesidad de acuerdo con el índice de masa grasa ajustado al género. Resultados: La proporción de la actividad física moderada y vigorosa fue inferior al 50% recomendado por las recomendaciones independiente de la duración de la clase de educación física. Nuestros datos muestran que solo unos 26% de los niños sin sobrepeso y unos 13% de niñoss con sobrepeso/obesidad llegaron al los niveles recomendados en las clases de 45 min, mientras el 17% de los jóvenes sin sobrepeso y el 11% con sobrepeso/obesidad han logrado las recomendaciones en las clases de 90 min. En general, las clases de 90 min tienen una mayor contribución para cumplimiento de las recomendaciones diarias de actividad física moderada a vigorosa do que las clases de 45 min. Conclusión: Durante las clases de educación física los jóvenes tuvieran una cantidad reducida de tiempo en actividad física moderada a vigorosa, independiente de su estado de peso.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Malay Kumar Das ◽  
Rabindranath Sinha ◽  
Aparajita Dasgupta

Introduction: The World Health Organization has already warned of increasing non-communicable diseases among adolescents as a major public health problem. The importance of this age group also lies in the fact that many serious diseases in adulthood have their roots in adolescence. Method: A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used in class-room setting to collect information from students regarding presence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases. The respondents were also subjected to anthropometric measurements and blood pressure examination using standard operating procedures. Results: A total of 761 students of class VI-XII participated in the study of which 61.4% were boys and rests were girls. High blood pressure among boys and girls were 19.9% and 22.1% were respectively. In Bivariate analysis age > 15 years (median) (OR= 2.11), fast food intake (>3 times/week) (OR= 1.66), Alcohol consumption (OR= 2.22), less physical activity (OR=1.54), increased body mass index (OR=2.53), significantly associated with high blood pressure. In Multivariate analysis age (AOR= 2.25), fast food intake (AOR= 1.50), Alcohol consumption (OR= 2.23), less physical activity (AOR=1.71), increased body mass index (AOR=2.42) remains significant predictor. Conclusion: Detecting the risk factors of high blood pressure prevalent in the population is of utmost importance to achieve a healthy population. Formulation and dissemination of need--based, culturally acceptable and age appropriate scientific messages for school students should be conducted more proactively. Keywords: Adolescents, Blood pressure, Risk factor, Rural school.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Tano ◽  
Tomomi Kotani ◽  
Takafumi Ushida ◽  
Masato Yoshihara ◽  
Kenji Imai ◽  
...  

AbstractWeight gain during interpregnancy period is related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). However, in interpregnancy care/counseling, the unpredictability of the timing of the next conception and the difficulties in preventing age-related body weight gain must be considered while setting weight management goals. Therefore, we suggest considering the annual change in the body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to clarify the association between annual BMI changes during the interpregnancy period and HDP risk in subsequent pregnancies. A multicenter retrospective study of data from 2009 to 2019 examined the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of HDP in subsequent pregnancies. The aORs in several annual BMI change categories were also calculated in the subgroups classified by HDP occurrence in the index pregnancy. This study included 1,746 pregnant women. A history of HDP (aOR, 16.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.62 − 29.22), and annual BMI gain (aOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.76 − 3.01) were independent risk factors for HDP in subsequent pregnancies. An annual BMI increase of ≥ 1.0 kg/m2/year was related to HDP development in subsequent pregnancies for women without a history of HDP. This study provides data as a basis for interpregnancy care/counseling, but further research is necessary to validate our findings and confirm this relationship.


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