scholarly journals Nutritional Properties and Consumer’s Acceptance of Provitamin A-Biofortified Amahewu Combined with Bambara (Vigna Subterranea) Flour

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope D. Awobusuyi ◽  
Muthulisi Siwela
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Substitution Level ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Cereal Grain

Amahewu is a fermented non-alcoholic cereal grain beverage, popular in Southern Africa. This study evaluates the possibility of producing an acceptable provitamin A (PVA)-biofortified maize amahewu, complemented with bambara flour, to contribute towards the alleviation of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Germinated, roasted, and raw bambara flours, were added at 30% (w/w) substitution level, separately, to either white maize or PVA-biofortified maize flour, and processed into amahewu. Wheat bran (5% w/w) was used as reference inoculum. Amahewu samples were analyzed for nutritional properties and acceptability. The protein and lysine contents of amahewu almost doubled with the inclusion of germinated bambara. Protein digestibility of amahewu samples increased by almost 45% with the inclusion of bambara. PVA-biofortified maize amahewu samples complemented with bambara were extremely liked for their color, aroma, and taste when compared with their white maize counterparts. The principal component analysis explained 96% of the variation and PVA-biofortified maize amahewu samples were differentiated from white maize amahewu samples. The taste of amahewu resulting from roasting and germination of bambara was preferred in PVA-biofortified maize amahewu, compared to white maize amahewu. We conclude that PVA-biofortified maize amahewu, complemented with germinated bambara, has the potential to contribute towards the alleviation of PEM and VAD.

scholarly journals Prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara, Gujarat, India: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1767
Author(s):  
Ashish Shamjibhai Bhalsod ◽  
Nisarg N. Dave ◽  
Nilesh Thakor
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Complex Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency

Background: Adolescent constitutes over 23% of the population in India. Critical development occurs during adolescence period. Growth spurt and increase in physical activity during adolescent period increases the nutrition and health needs of the adolescent. Objective was to study prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara city, Gujarat.Methods: The study was carried during period from September 2018 to August 2019. After taking the permission of principals of 3 schools and consent of the parents of adolescents, 511 adolescents from 3 schools of Vadodara city were examined for signs of various nutritional deficiencies. The data was collected by predesign, pretested proforma and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (Trial Version).Results: Out of total 511 adolescents 253(49.5%) were female. Mean age of the study adolescents was 15.6±1.81 years. Maximum numbers of the adolescents were in the age group of 10-14 years (60.3%). Mean age of female and male adolescents was 15.2±1.71 years and 15.6±2.01 years respectively. The study revealed that vitamin A deficiency was present in 38(7.4%) adolescents. Vitamin B complex deficiency signs were seen in 112(21.9%) adolescents. Vitamin C deficiency signs were seen in 43(8.4%) adolescents. Protein Energy Malnutrition was observed in 52(10.1%) adolescents. Essential fatty acid deficiency was observed in 56(10.9%) adolescents.Conclusions: High prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among these adolescents needs great attention and health education.

scholarly journals Sorghum–Insect Composites for Healthier Cookies: Nutritional, Functional, and Technological Evaluation

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Temitope D. Awobusuyi ◽  
Muthulisi Siwela ◽  
Kirthee Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Substitution Level ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Spread Factor

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major health concern in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Relying on unexploited and regionally available rich sources of proteins such as insects and sorghum might contribute towards addressing PEM among at-risk populations. Insects are high in nutrients, especially protein, and are abundant in SSA. Sorghum is adapted to the tropical areas of SSA and as such it is an appropriate source of energy compared with temperate cereals like wheat. It is necessary to assess whether cookies fortified with sorghum and termite would be suitable for use in addressing PEM in SSA. Whole grain sorghum meal and termite meal were mixed at a 3:1 ratio (w/w sorghum:termite) to form a sorghum–termite meal blend. Composite cookies were prepared where the sorghum–termite blend partially substituted wheat flour at 20%, 40%, and 60% (sorghum–termite blend:wheat flour (w/w). The functional and nutritional qualities of the cookies were assessed. Compared with the control (100% wheat flour), the cookies fortified with sorghum and termite had about double the quantity of protein, minerals, and amino acids. However, with increased substitution level of the sorghum–termite blend, the spread factor of the cookies decreased. There is a potential to incorporate sorghum and termite in cookies for increased intake of several nutrients by communities that are vulnerable to nutrient deficiencies, especially PEM.

Sustaining Nutrition Security in Africa under Changing Socio-Economic

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.O. Igbedioh
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Real Income ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Adoption And Implementation

The adoption and implementation of the structural adjustment programme (SAP) in the 1980's by many African countries as a strategy for economic recovery has increased the magnitude of hunger and protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency and anaemia. In addition population growth rate has continued to outstrip the food supply at a time when real income value has fallen, thereby diminishing further the access of the poor to nutritious food. Even though Africa's present food supply situation is inadequate and in some cases unsustainable it is reassuring to note that Africa can feed itself provided the potential of doing so is mobilized and sustained. This paper proposes and highlights strategies for the development of a nutrition strategy and nutrition education programmes with emphasis on nutrition programmes which benefit the vulnerables. The paper further proposes that specific policies should be targeted at the poor while instituting food subsidies schemes for those who are most at risk nutritionally.

Pattern and Distribution of Ocular Morbidity in Primary School Children of Rural Delhi

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Chaturvedi ◽  
O. P. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

A total of 679 primary school children drawn from developed southern parts and underdeveloped eastern parts of Delhi were examined for ocular morbidity. Their age range was 5-15 years and both sexes had almost equal representation. The prevalence of eye diseases was relatively high. Over 40 percent of all the children studied had one or more ocular problems. Trachoma (18%) was the most common ocular morbidity followed by vitamin A deficiency (10.6%), visual acuity <6/9 (7.4%) and apparent / latent squint (7.4%). In most of these eye disorders, the majority of the children came from the underdeveloped eastern parts of Delhi. Ocular morbidity seems to be unevenly distributed in rural Delhi with a significantly worse picture in the underdeveloped eastern parts, across the river ‘Yamuna’. Though blinding trachoma may cease to be a major problem in India, the country continues to have endemic pockets of its non-blinding form. One puzzling observation was that children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) did not show any specific vulnerability to ocular diseases. In fact, those with normal weight-height index were having a higher share of eye diseases. Though this issue needs to be explored further in the light of biological plausibility, it appears that children who do not have PEM are also exposed to ocular diseases at least with comparable risk.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Protein Nutritional Quality of Four Soybean Varieties Grown in Western Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrick Agengo ◽  
Charlotte Serrem ◽  
Florence Wamunga
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
True Protein

Protein nutrition is important for human health because its deficiency leads to major public health problems such as Protein Energy Malnutrition. Soybean an excellent and cheap source of high quality protein has been introduced into the Western Kenya and other developing countries for improved health and food security, but end use qualities may reduce its utilization. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the protein nutritional quality of four soybean varieties grown in Western Kenya. Protein quality was determined using male weanling albino rats for the indices of net protein retention, food efficiency, apparent and true protein digestibilities and faecal weight. Soybean amino acid efficiency was evaluated using Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS). Soybean diet SB 132 had the highest protein nutritional quality with the best protein retention of 6.29 g, Apparent Protein digestibility of 89.13%, True Protein Digestibility of 96.48%, weight gain of 5.50 g and a Net Protein Retention Ratio of 4.70. All the four soybean varieties had high amino acid profiles with a Protein digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score of 1.0. Soybean variety SB 132 is the most superior in digestibility and the study recommends its promotion as a food crop in Western Kenya and other developing countries for the management of Protein Energy Malnutrition and for food security.

scholarly journals Rat Bioassay for Evaluation of Protein Quality of Soy-Fortified Complementary Foods

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah H. Kamau ◽  
Charlotte A. Serrem ◽  
Florence W. Wamunga
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Protein Free Diet

Compositing complementary flours with legumes of high protein quality such as soy can be effective in abating Protein Energy Malnutrition. Soy-fortified complementary flours were developed using locally available foods from Western Kenya and used to determine the fortification effect on protein nutritional quality, growth, and rehabilitation. Ten isonitrogenous diets containing 10% protein and one containing 20% protein were formulated from six foods; maize, pearl millet, finger millet, sorghum, cassava, and banana at ratios of 70:30 flour and soy with milk powder as control and fed to weanling male albino rats. Another group was fed on a protein free diet. Banana: Soy diet had significantly superior protein nutritional quality while Maize: soy had 70% Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score. True Protein Digestibility of the fortified diets lay within the acceptable margin for cereal: bean mixtures. Fortification with soy improved protein quality indices of flours in rats, and by extrapolation could support growth of young children if used as complementary foods. 

scholarly journals Formulation and Quality Evaluation of Enriched Balanced Weaning Food at Low Cost

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Bhim Prasad Pulami ◽  
Surendra Katawal
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Weaning Food ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Protein Energy

Due to wide spread poverty, low income and non-availability of nutritious foods there are rampant of nutritional disorders such as protein energy malnutrition (PEM), anemia, vitamin-A deficiency, iodine deficiency disorder among preschool children in developing countries. Main purpose of the study is to formulate low cost supplementary weaning food from locally available raw materials. Based on the sensory evaluation, formula-I was preferred as a best sample (p<0.05). Chemical analysis of formula-I had been performed and found to be 2.02% moisture, 11.72% crude protein, 20.58% crude fat, 3.11% total ash, 2.69% crude fiber, 59.88% carbohydrate (by difference), 471 Kcal/100 g energy (calculated), 870.15 mg/100g vitamin A (âcarotene; calculated), 11.86mg/100g iron, 275mg/100g calcium, 23.55mg/100g ascorbic acid, 35.6μg/100g iodine and 55% water absorbing capacity. The costing revealed the retail product price per kg as NRs. 71.20. J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 6 (118-121), 2010 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v6i0.8273

Global malnutrition

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 121 (S1) ◽  
pp. S5-S22 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.S. STEPHENSON ◽  
M.C. LATHAM ◽  
E.A. OTTESEN
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
South Central ◽  
Protein Energy

The four most important forms of malnutrition worldwide (protein-energy malnutrition, iron deficiency and anaemias (IDA), vitamin A deficiency (VAD), and iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)) are examined below in terms of their global and regional prevalences, the age and gender groups most affected, their clinical and public health consequences, and, especially, the recent progress in country and regional quantitation and control. Zinc deficiency, with its accompanying diminished host resistance and increased susceptibility to infections, is also reviewed. WHO estimates that malnutrition (underweight) was associated with over half of all child deaths in developing countries in 1995. The prevalence of stunting in developing countries is expected to decline from 36% in 1995 to 32·5% in 2000; the numbers of children affected (excluding China) are expected to decrease from 196·59millions to 181·92millions. Stunting affects 48% of children in South Central Asia, 48% in Eastern Africa, 38% in South Eastern Asia, and 13–24% in Latin America. IDA affects about 43% of women and 34% of men in developing countries and usually is most serious in pregnant women and children, though non-pregnant women, the elderly, and men in hookworm-endemic areas also comprise groups at risk. Clinical VAD affects at least 2·80million preschool children in over 60 countries, and subclinical VAD is considered a problem for at least 251millions; school-age children and pregnant women are also affected. Globally about 740million people are affected by goitre, and over two billions are considered at risk of IDD. However, mandatory salt iodisation in the last decade in many regions has decreased dramatically the percentage of the population at risk. Two recent major advances in understanding the global importance of malnutrition are (1) the data of 53 countries that links protein-energy malnutrition (assessed by underweight) directly to increased child mortality rates, and (2) the outcome in 6 of 8 large vitamin A supplementation trials showing decreases of 20–50% in child mortality.

scholarly journals A decade of nutrition research in Africa: assessment of the evidence base and academic collaboration

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1890-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Lachat ◽  
Dominique Roberfroid ◽  
Lien Van den Broeck ◽  
Natalie Van den Briel ◽  
Eunice Nago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Mesh Terms

AbstractObjectiveMalnutrition in Africa has not improved compared with other regions in the world. Investment in the build-up of a strong African research workforce is essential to provide contextual solutions to the nutritional problems of Africa. To orientate this process, we reviewed nutrition research carried out in Africa and published during the last decade.DesignWe assessed nutrition research from Africa published between 2000 and 2010 from MEDLINE and EMBASE and analysed the study design and type of intervention for studies indexed with major MeSH terms for vitamin A deficiency, protein–energy malnutrition, obesity, breast-feeding, nutritional status and food security. Affiliations of first authors were visualised as a network and power of affiliations was assessed using centrality metrics.SettingAfrica.SubjectsAfricans, all age groups.ResultsMost research on the topics was conducted in Southern (36 %) and Western Africa (34 %). The intervention studies (9 %; n 95) mainly tested technological and curative approaches to the nutritional problems. Only for papers on protein–energy malnutrition and obesity did lead authorship from Africa exceed that from non-African affiliations. The 10 % most powerfully connected affiliations were situated mainly outside Africa for publications on vitamin A deficiency, breast-feeding, nutritional status and food security.ConclusionsThe development of the evidence base for nutrition research in Africa is focused on treatment and the potential for cross-African networks to publish nutrition research from Africa remains grossly underutilised. Efforts to build capacity for effective nutrition action in Africa will require forging a true academic partnership between African and non-African research institutions.

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