scholarly journals Association between Sociodemographic Factors and Dietary Patterns in Children Under 24 Months of Age: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Gutiérrez-Camacho ◽  
Lucia Méndez-Sánchez ◽  
Miguel Klünder-Klünder ◽  
Patricia Clark ◽  
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Nice Guidelines ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Determining Factors

Background: Understanding early-life complementary feeding dietary patterns and their determining factors could lead to better ways of improving nutrition in early childhood. The purpose of this review was to evaluate evidence of the association between sociodemographic factors and dietary patterns (DPs) in children under 24 months. Methods: Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Central, NICE guidelines, and Trip database were searched for observational studies that evaluated sociodemographic factors and their associations with DP. Results: Seven studies were selected for the present review. High education level among mothers was inversely associated with unhealthy DPs and positively associated with healthy DPs. Higher household income was negatively associated with unhealthy DPs. Four studies showed a positive association between low household income and unhealthy DPs and three studies showed a positive association between higher household income and healthy DPs. Additionally, in younger mothers, body mass index (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and number of children were positively associated with unhealthy DPs. Conclusions: This review provides evidence of a positive association between mothers’ higher education level, higher household income, higher maternal age, and healthy dietary patterns as well as a negative association between these factors and unhealthy dietary patterns. Further studies from low- and middle-income countries are needed for comparison with associations showed in this review.

scholarly journals Determinants of dietary patterns and diet quality during pregnancy: a systematic review with narrative synthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina-Merle Doyle ◽  
Brigitte Borrmann ◽  
Angelique Grosser ◽  
Oliver Razum ◽  
Jacob Spallek
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pregnancy Intendedness ◽  
Life Course Framework ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractObjectiveTo identify determinants of diet in pregnancy, by detecting factors in our multiple-determinants life course framework that are associated with dietary patterns, quality or guideline adherence.DesignA systematic review of observational studies, published in English or German, was conducted. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, environmental and pregnancy-related determinants were considered. Four electronic databases were searched in January 2015 and updated in April 2016 and a total of 4368 articles identified. Risk of bias was assessed using adapted Newcastle–Ottawa Scales.SettingHigh- and upper-middle-income countries.SubjectsPregnant or postpartum women reporting their dietary intake during pregnancy.ResultsSeventeen publications of twelve studies were included and compared narratively due to heterogeneity. Diet in pregnancy was patterned along a social gradient and aligned with other health behaviours before and during pregnancy. Few studies investigated the influence of the social and built environment and their findings were inconsistent. Except for parity, pregnancy determinants were rarely assessed even though pregnancy is a physiologically and psychologically unique period. Various less well-researched factors such as the role of ethnicity, pregnancy intendedness, pregnancy ailments and macro-level environment were identified that need to be studied in more detail.ConclusionsThe framework was supported by the literature identified, but more research of sound methodology is needed in order to conclusively disentangle the interplay of the different determinants. Practitioners should be aware that pregnant women who are young, have a low education or do not follow general health advice appear to be at higher risk of inadequate dietary intake.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns of adults and their associations with Sami ethnicity, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle factors in a rural multiethnic population of northern Norway - the SAMINOR 2 clinical survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Petrenya ◽  
Charlotta Rylander ◽  
Magritt Brustad
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
Clinical Survey ◽  
Traditional Pattern

Abstract Background Few population-based studies have assessed dietary behaviors in the rural multiethnic population of Northern Norway. The present study determined dietary patterns and investigated their association with Sami ethnicity, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle factors in a multiethnic population in rural Northern Norway. Methods This cross-sectional study included 4504 participants of the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey (2012–2014) aged 40–69 years. All participants completed a lifestyle and food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were determined using principal component analysis. Associations between food patterns and ethnicity, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle factors were examined by multiple linear regression. Results Six dietary patterns were identified that accounted for 28% of the variability in food intake in the study sample: ‘processed meat/westernized’, ‘fish/traditional’, ‘fruit/vegetables’, ‘reindeer/traditional’, ‘bread and sandwich spreads’, and ‘sweets and bakery goods’. The ‘reindeer/traditional’ pattern was most common among the inland Sami population. The ‘fish/traditional’ pattern was most common among costal multiethnic Sami and least common among inland Sami and among women independent of ethnicity. The ‘fish/traditional’ pattern was also positively associated with older age, high education level, small household size, and smoking. Adherence to the ‘processed meat/westernized’ pattern was lower among inland Sami than inland/coastal non-Sami; no ethnic differences in adherence to this pattern were found between costal multiethnic Sami and inland/coastal non-Sami. Unhealthy lifestyle factors, like low physical activity level and smoking, and younger age were mainly associated with the ‘processed meat/westernized’ pattern, whereas socioeconomic factors like low education, low gross annual household income, and large household size were related to the ‘sweets and bakery goods’ pattern. Male gender, low education level, and smoking were associated with the ‘bread and sandwich spreads’ pattern. The ‘fruit/vegetables’ pattern was characterized by healthy dietary choices and a health-conscious lifestyle, and was more common in women with a high education level and income. Conclusions Adherence to the six identified dietary patterns was characterized by different sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Ethnicity, in combination with geographical region of residence, was associated with dietary behaviors. This study provides knowledge that will be useful in future studies on dietary patterns related to chronic diseases in the rural population of Northern Norway.

scholarly journals Global Intake of Major Beverages in Adults by Country Wealth and Sociodemographic Characteristics: Analysis of the Global Dietary Database 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 858-858
Author(s):  
Laura Lara Castor ◽  
Frederick Cudhea ◽  
Peilin Shi ◽  
Jianyi Zhang ◽  
Victoria Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
High Education Level ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Urban Rural

Abstract Objectives Assessing the impact of beverage intake on health has been limited by lack of reliable and standardized individual-level data on a global scale. We provide updated estimates of global intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fruit juices, and milk, as well as novel estimates of coffee and tea, jointly by country, age, sex, education, and urban-rural residence for adults in 2015. Methods Beverge intake data in the Global Dietary Database were derived from 1144 national and subnational surveys from 1980 through 2015, covering 97.5% of the world's population. Mean intakes and 95% uncertainty intervals were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical prediction model, and stratified by country (n = 185), urban-rural residence, sex, age group (all ages, 20 age groups), and education level (low, middle, high). The model combined primary data on individual-level intakes with time-varying country-level and survey-level covariates. Results Grouped by World Bank wealth categories, intake of SSBs was highest in low-income countries (LIC) and high-income countries (HIC) (0.7 servings (8-oz)/d each), and lowest in upper-middle income countries UMIC (0.4 s/d). Intakes were generally higher in men, urban residence, and with higher education, except in HIC were intakes did not differ by education. Fruit juice was highest in HIC (0.2 s/d) and lowest in lower-middle income countries (LMIC) (<0.04 s/d); and within countries, generally higher with urban residence and higher education. Coffee intake was highest in HIC (1.2 s/d) and lowest in LIC (0.7 s/d); and generally higher in men and with medium or high education level, without urban-rural differences. Tea intake was highest in HIC (0.8 s/d) and lowest in LMIC (0.5 s/d); and generally higher in women, urban residence, and with high education. Average milk intake ranged from 0.5 s/d in HIC to 0.2 s/d in LIC, LMIC and UMIC; and was generally higher at high education level, without differences by sex or urban-rural residence. Country-specific intakes and temporal trends since 1990 will be presented. Conclusions These novel global results highlight key findings and heterogeneity in intakes of different beverages, informing potential effects on health and corresponding policy priorities. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Vaccine Hesitancy across Five Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abram L. Wagner ◽  
Nina B. Masters ◽  
Gretchen J. Domek ◽  
Joseph L. Mathew ◽  
Xiaodong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Vaccine Decision Making ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Vaccine hesitancy is a continuum of behaviors ranging from delay in receipt to vaccination refusal. Prior studies have typically focused on high-income countries, where vaccine hesitancy is particularly prevalent in more affluent groups, but the relationship between socioeconomic status and vaccine hesitancy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) is less clear. The aim of this study was to describe vaccine hesitancy in five LMICs. Mothers of children in Sirajganj, Bangladesh (n = 60), Shanghai, China (n = 788), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (n = 341), Guatemala City and Quetzaltenango, Guatemala (n = 767), and Chandigarh, India (n = 309), completed a survey between 2016 and 2018 using the WHO’s 10-item Vaccine Hesitancy Scale. The scores of different constructs were compared across countries and by the mother’s education level using linear regression models with generalized estimating equations. Compared to mothers in China, mothers in Bangladesh perceived less vaccination benefit (β: 0.56, P = 0.0001), however, mothers in Ethiopia (β: −0.54, P < 0.0001) and Guatemala (β: −0.74, P = 0.0004) perceived greater benefit. Education level was not significantly linked with vaccine hesitancy. Local circumstances are important to consider when developing programs to promote vaccines. We did not find consistent associations between education and vaccine hesitancy. More research is needed to understand socio-cultural influences on vaccine decision-making.

Sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors for obesity among community-dwelling older adults in Ghana and Nigeria: A secondary analysis of data from the SIREN study

2021 ◽  
pp. 174239532110540
Author(s):  
Onoja M. Akpa ◽  
Akinkunmi P. Okekunle ◽  
Fred S. Sarfo ◽  
Rufus O. Akinyemi ◽  
Albert Akpalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Objectives To explore the prevalence and risk factors of obesity among older adults from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This is a secondary analysis of data obtained from the SIREN study through in-person interviews and measurements from healthy stroke-free older adults (≥60 years). Overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of >0.90 for males and >0.85/females or waist circumference (WC) of >102 cm for males/>88 cm for females. Adjusted odds ratio (aORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) of the relationship between obesity and sociodemographic factors were assessed at P  < 0.05. Results Overall, 47.5% of participants were overweight/obese, 76.6% had a larger than recommended WHR, and 54.4% had a larger than recommended WC. Abdominal obesity (WC; aOR: 9.43, CI: 6.99–12.50), being a Nigerian (aOR: 0.55; CI: 0.42–0.72), living in an urban setting (aOR: 1.92; CI: 1.49–2.46 ), earning >$100/month (aOR: 1.53; CI: 1.19–1.96), and having formal education (aOR: 1.42; CI: 1.08–1.87) were associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusion Living in urban settings, earning a higher income, and having a formal education were associated with a higher odds of obesity among older adults from LMICs.

scholarly journals Double Burden of Malnutrition Among Women of Reproductive Age in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Progress Achieved and Opportunities for Meeting the Global Target

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 839-839
Author(s):  
Md Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Saifuddin Ahmed ◽  
Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes ◽  
Yaqoot Fatima ◽  
Tuhin Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Projection Analysis ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Objectives To monitor progress, make projections and examine inequalities in women's underweight and overweight in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). Methods We used nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of 2,337,855 women of reproductive age (15–49 years, mean age 29.7 y, SD ± 9.6) from 55 LMICs, to study the current and projected prevalence of underweight (Body Mass Index &lt; 18.5 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2). Bayesian linear regression analyses were performed for trend and projection analysis. Current and projected trends of women's malnutrition were studied, and national as well as subnational level variations, particularly in the context of sociodemographic factors, were explored. Results In 2030, over 20% of women in eight LMICs will be underweight, with Madagascar (36.8%), Senegal (32.2%) and Burundi (29.2%) projected to experience the highest burden of underweight. Whereas, over 50% women in 22 LMICs are projected to be overweight, with Egypt (94.7%), Jordan (75.0%), and Pakistan (74.1%) projected to have the highest burden of overweight. We project that in 2030, 24 LMICs would experience DBM. There is considerable variation in the prevalence of underweight and overweight across national and subnational levels. Wealth, education, and place of residence are seen to have the highest impact on the current and future prevalence of underweight and overweight. It is projected that between 2020 and 2030, socioeconomically disadvantaged groups in LMICs will experience the sharpest increase in the prevalence of overweight. We also found none of the 55 LMICs will be able to eradicate overweight or underweight (barring Egypt) by 2030. Conclusions Overall, the prevalence of underweight in women of reproductive age in LMICs has declined in the past three decades. However, the decrease in the rate of underweight has been superseded by the dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight. Therefore, it is unlikely that any of the 55 LMICs will be successful in eradicating malnutrition by 2030. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic determinants of dietary patterns in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1520-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Lucia Mayén ◽  
Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽  
Fred Paccaud ◽  
Pascal Bovet ◽  
Silvia Stringhini
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals The co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anaemia among adult women, adolescent girls and children living in 52 low-and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Ana Irache ◽  
Paramjit Gill ◽  
Rishi Caleyachetty
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Objective: To investigate the magnitude and distribution of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia among adult women, adolescent girls and children living in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Design: We selected the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys with anthropometric and haemoglobin level measures. Prevalence estimates and 95% CIs of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia were calculated for every country, overall and stratified by household wealth quintile, education level, area of residence and sex (for children only). Regional and overall pooled prevalences were estimated using a random-effects model. We measured gaps, expressed in percentage points, to display inequalities in the distribution of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM). Setting: Nationally representative surveys from 52 LMICs. Participants: Adult women (n=825,769) aged 20-49 years, adolescent girls (n=192,631) aged 15-19 years, and children (n=391,963) aged 6-59 months. Results: The pooled prevalence of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia was 12.4% (95% CI: 11.1, 13.7) among adult women, 4.5% (95% CI: 4.0, 5.0) among adolescent girls and 3.0% (95% CI: 2.7, 3.3) among children. Overall, the DBM followed an inverse social gradient, with a higher prevalence among the richest quintile, most educated groups and in urban areas; however, important variations exist. The largest inequality gaps were observed among adult women in Yemen by household wealth (24.0 percentage-points) and in Niger by education level (19.6 percentage-points) and area of residence (11.9 percentage-points). Differences were predominantly significant among adult women; but less among girls and children. Conclusions: Context-specific, multifaceted, responses with an equity-lens are needed to reduce all forms of malnutrition.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on the Working Equid Community: Responses from 1530 Individuals Accessing NGO Support in 14 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1363
Author(s):  
Isabella Wild ◽  
Amy Gedge ◽  
Jessica Burridge ◽  
John Burford
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic was declared on 11 March 2020. The working equid community includes some of the world’s most marginalised people, who rely on animals for their daily lives and livelihoods. A cross-sectional study investigated the effects of COVID-19 on working equid communities, with the intention of developing methods for replication in future unprecedented events. A multi-language survey was developed, involving 38 predominantly closed questions, and carried out face-to-face, over telephone, or online. There were 1530 respondents from a population of individuals who received support from equid welfare projects across 14 low- or middle-income countries projects during November and December 2020. Overall, at the time of survey completion, 57% (875/1522) of respondents reported that their equids were working less, 76% (1130/1478) reported a decreased monthly income from equids, and 78% (1186/1519) reported a reduction in household income compared to pre-pandemic levels. Costs of equid upkeep remained the same for 58% (886/1519) of respondents and 68% (1034/1518) reported no change in the health of their equid. The potential long-term impacts on human and equid welfare due to reported financial insecurities necessitates monitoring. A One Welfare approach, involving collaboration with governments, humanitarian, and animal welfare non-governmental organisations is required to mitigate deep-rooted issues.

scholarly journals Gender inequality and the double burden of disease in low-income and middle-income countries: an ecological study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e047388
Author(s):  
Mirte van der Ham ◽  
Renee Bolijn ◽  
Alcira de Vries ◽  
Maiza Campos Ponce ◽  
Irene G M van Valkengoed
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Life Years

IntroductionMany low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) suffer from a double burden of infectious diseases (ID) and non-communicable diseases (NCD). Previous research suggests that a high rate of gender inequality is associated with a higher ID and NCD burden in LMIC, but it is unknown whether gender inequality is also associated with a double burden of disease. In this ecological study, we explored the association between gender inequality and the double burden of disease in LMIC.MethodsFor 108 LMIC, we retrieved the Gender Inequality Index (GII, scale 0–1) and calculated the double burden of disease, based on disability-adjusted life-years for a selection of relevant ID and NCD, using WHO data. We performed logistic regression analysis to study the association between gender inequality and the double burden of disease for the total population, and stratified for men and women. We adjusted for income, political stability, type of labour, urbanisation, government health expenditure, health infrastructure and unemployment. Additionally, we conducted linear regression models for the ID and NCD separately.ResultsThe GII ranged from 0.13 to 0.83. A total of 37 LMIC had a double burden of disease. Overall, the adjusted OR for double burden of disease was 1.05 per 0.01 increase of GII (95% CI 0.99 to 1.10, p=0.10). For women, there was a borderline significant positive association between gender inequality and double burden of disease (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11, p=0.06), while there was no association in men (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.04, p=0.75).ConclusionWe found patterns directing towards a positive association between gender inequality and double burden of disease, overall and in women. This finding suggests the need for more attention for structural factors underlying gender inequality to potentially reduce the double burden of disease.

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