scholarly journals Nutrition and Muscle Strength, As the Key Component of Sarcopenia: An Overview of Current Evidence

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian Robinson ◽  
Antoneta Granic ◽  
Avan Aihie Sayer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Muscle Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Main Message

Much has been achieved by recent research to increase understanding of the links between nutrition and muscle health. Focusing on muscle strength as the key component of sarcopenia, the aim of this overview was to evaluate its links to nutrition, both to variation in habitual diets in older populations, as well as considering supplementation effects in trials. A main message from the reviewed studies is that while many provide suggestive evidence of benefits of higher nutrient intakes and diets of higher quality, findings are inconsistent, and data on muscle strength are often lacking. To assess the potential of optimising diets as a strategy to promote and maintain muscle strength, gaps in current evidence need to be addressed. These include the need for (i) better understanding of individual differences in responsiveness to dietary change, and the need for targeted nutritional support; (ii) clearer distinction between protective and therapeutic actions of diet; and (iii) definition of the role of dietary patterns and their influence on muscle strength, to allow effects of changes in food consumption to be evaluated—particularly when combined with physical activity. Development of this evidence is needed to enable translation into appropriate dietary recommendations for older populations.

scholarly journals Gluten in pharmaceutical products: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Lizano-Díez ◽  
Eduardo L. Mariño ◽  
Pilar Modamio
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
The Us ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background Celiac disease (CD) is one of the most common gluten-related disorders. Although the only effective treatment is a strict gluten-free diet, doubts remain as to whether healthcare professionals take this restriction into consideration when prescribing and dispensing medicines to susceptible patients. This scoping review aimed to find out the current evidence for initiatives that either describe the gluten content of medicines or intend to raise awareness about the risk of prescribing and dispensing gluten-containing medicines in patients with CD and other gluten-related disorders. Methods A scoping review was conducted using three search strategies in PubMed/MEDLINE, TripDatabase and Web of Science in April 2021, following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). References from included articles were also examined. Two researchers screened the articles and results were classified according to their main characteristics and outcomes, which were grouped according to the PCC (Population, Concept and Context) framework. The initiatives described were classified into three targeted processes related to gluten-containing medicines: prescription, dispensation and both prescription and dispensation. Results We identified a total of 3146 records. After the elimination of duplicates, 3062 articles remained and ultimately 13 full texts were included in the narrative synthesis. Most studies were conducted in the US, followed by Canada and Australia, which each published one article. Most strategies were focused on increasing health professional’s knowledge of gluten-containing/gluten-free medications (n = 8), which were basically based on database development from manufacturer data. A wide variability between countries on provided information and labelling of gluten-containing medicines was found. Conclusion Initiatives regarding the presence of gluten in medicines, including, among others, support for prescribers, the definition of the role of pharmacists, and patients’ adherence problems due to incomplete labelling of the medicines, have been continuously developed and adapted to the different needs of patients. However, information is still scarce, and some aspects have not yet been considered, such as effectiveness for the practical use of solutions to support healthcare professionals.

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Camila Astolphi Lima ◽  
Renato Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Monica Rodrigues Perracini
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
The Life Course

AbstractEnhancing physical activity promotes positive health trajectories throughout the life course. Physical activity should be tailored and graded to suit older adults’ capacities and needs and can be combined with rehabilitation interventions to manage geriatric syndromes and disability. This chapter provides a summary of current evidence about the role of physical activity for older adults, emphasizing nutritional aspects. We also present strategies to help health-care professionals to enhance physical activity participation.

scholarly journals Does self-paced exercise depend on executive processing? A narrative review of the current evidence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darias Holgado ◽  
Daniel Sanabria
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Executive Processing ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Over Time

Self-paced exercise is any physical activity in which the effort has to be distributed over time in order to achieve the objective of the event. Hence, self-paced aerobic exercise is a goal-directed behaviour towards an objective that involves several cognitive processes. The aim of the present review is to ask the extent to which self-paced exercise might rely on executive functions and the empirical evidence of top-down processing on self-paced exercise. We discuss the evidence from different experimental manipulations showing a potential link between self-paced exercise and executive processing. We finally highlight some gaps in the literature and possible factors that might mediate the role of executive processing and self-paced exercise. Self-paced exercise is likely to be a highly complex process, in which a multitude of factors non-related to executive functions can also contribute to the ultimate decision to upregulate or downregulate exercise intensity.

The role of a Mediterranean diet and physical activity in decreasing age-related inflammation through modulation of the gut microbiota composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jessie S. Clark ◽  
Bradley S. Simpson ◽  
Karen J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
Study Designs

Abstract Chronic inflammation is known to be a predominant factor in the development of many age-related conditions including CVD, type II diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that during the ageing process there is an increase in inflammatory biomarkers, which may be partially brought about by detrimental changes in the gut microbiota. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and physical activity (PA) are protective against inflammation and chronic disease, and emerging evidence has shown that these effects may be partially mediated through favourable changes in the gut microbiota. In this review, we have evaluated the published literature on the effect of a MedDiet and PA on the gut microbiota. We also discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and inflammation with a focus on healthy ageing. While inconsistent study designs make forming definitive conclusions challenging, the current evidence suggests that both a MedDiet and PA are capable of modifying the gut microbiota in a way that is beneficial to host health. For example, the increases in the relative abundance of SCFA producing bacteria that are considered to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Modification of the gut microbiota through a MedDiet and PA presents as a potential method to attenuate age-related increases in inflammation, and additional studies utilising older individuals are needed to fill the knowledge gaps existing in current literature.

scholarly journals Prevention of Gestational Diabetes: The Role of Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Weight before, during, and between Pregnancies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle A.J.M. Schoenaker ◽  
Susan de Jersey ◽  
Jane Willcox ◽  
Monique E. Francois ◽  
Shelley Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions ◽  
Further Development

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy and a significant clinical and public health problem with lifelong and intergenerational adverse health consequences for mothers and their offspring. The preconception, early pregnancy, and interconception periods represent opportune windows to engage women in preventive and health promotion interventions. This review provides an overview of findings from observational and intervention studies on the role of diet, physical activity, and weight (change) during these periods in the primary prevention of GDM. Current evidence suggests that supporting women to increase physical activity and achieve appropriate weight gain during early pregnancy and enabling women to optimize their weight and health behaviors prior to and between pregnancies have the potential to reduce rates of GDM. Translation of current evidence into practice requires further development and evaluation of co-designed interventions across community, health service, and policy levels to determine how women can be reached and supported to optimize their health behaviors before, during, and between pregnancies to reduce GDM risk.

Exercise is Medicine for the Aging Brain

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Liu-Ambrose ◽  
John R. Best
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Cognitive decline is a common feature of aging. Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle factor that has been identified as positively impacting cognitive health of older adults. Here, we review the current evidence from epidemiological (i.e., longitudinal cohort) and intervention studies on the role of physical activity and exercise in promoting cognitive health in older adults both with and without cognitive impairment. We highlight some of the potential underlying mechanisms and discuss some of the potential modifying factors, including exercise type and target population, by reviewing recent converging behavioral, neuroimaging, and biomarker evidence linking physical activity with cognitive health. We conclude with limitations and future directions for this rapidly expanding line of research.

scholarly journals Body, Person and Environment: Why Promoting Physical Activity (PA) with Stroke Survivors Requires Holistic Thinking

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqui H. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Active Lifestyles ◽  
Exercise Classes

The role of physical activity (PA) after stroke is increasingly recognised as important for function, fitness and wellbeing. Current evidence shows that targeted PA after stroke improves cardiovascular fitness, walking ability and muscle strength and may ameliorate depression and improve quality of life. Secondary stroke prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors are further health benefits. Despite increasing emphasis on organised exercise classes for stroke, PA levels remain low and effects of organised exercise interventions are not maintained once programmes have finished. Barriers to PA after stroke are complex and innovative approaches to maintaining and promoting long-term engagement in activity are required. This commentary proposes that using the International Classification of Disability and Functioning (ICF) to guide thinking about PA after stroke may help us develop and apply comprehensive solutions that increase PA levels. This approach considers stroke survivors’ PA engagement in terms of Body – the physical impairments imposed by stroke; Person – the role of identity, and psychological factors on PA; and Environment – the physical and social environments that influence PA engagement. The commentary discusses how innovative solutions addressing these issues may enable stroke survivors to be better supported to lead active lifestyles.

scholarly journals Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4080
Author(s):  
Ligia J. Dominguez ◽  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
Laura Vernuccio ◽  
Giuseppina Catanese ◽  
Flora Inzerillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
World Population ◽  
Age Related

Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The main independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia is advanced age followed by other determinants such as genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, including nutrition and physical activity. In the next decades, a rise in dementia cases is expected due largely to the aging of the world population. There are no hitherto effective pharmaceutical therapies to treat age-associated cognitive impairment and dementia, which underscores the crucial role of prevention. A relationship among diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors with cognitive function has been intensively studied with mounting evidence supporting the role of these determinants in the development of cognitive decline and dementia, which is a chief cause of disability globally. Several dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients have been investigated in this regard, with some encouraging and other disappointing results. This review presents the current evidence for the effects of dietary patterns, dietary components, some supplements, physical activity, sleep patterns, and social engagement on the prevention or delay of the onset of age-related cognitive decline and dementia.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Hypertension in Heart Failure Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram D Rao ◽  
Srinath Adusumalli ◽  
Jeremy A Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Definition Of

The development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with heart failure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this article, the authors examine recent changes to the definition of PH in the setting of left heart disease (PH-LHD), and discuss its epidemiology, pathophysiology and prognosis. They also explore the complexities of diagnosing PH-LHD and the current evidence for the use of medical therapies, promising clinical trials and the role of left ventricular assist device and transplantation.

scholarly journals Myoprotective Whole Foods, Muscle Health and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review of Observational and Intervention Studies in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2257
Author(s):  
Antoneta Granic ◽  
Lorelle Dismore ◽  
Christopher Hurst ◽  
Sian M. Robinson ◽  
Avan A. Sayer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Muscle Health ◽  
Whole Foods

Decline in skeletal muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia) accelerates with age, leading to adverse health outcomes and poor quality of life. Diet plays a crucial role in muscle ageing being an important element of a healthy lifestyle. However, unlike single nutrients, such as dietary protein, or dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, the relationship between individual whole foods and muscle health has not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to investigate which whole foods (meat, fish, eggs, fruit and vegetables, and non-liquid dairy) may be beneficial (myoprotective) for ageing muscle and sarcopenia in adults aged ≥ 50 years. Nineteen observational and nine intervention studies were identified through systematic searches of the four electronic databases (last search: March 2020). The synthesis of findings showed strong and consistent evidence for a beneficial effect of lean red meat on muscle mass or lean tissue mass in both observational and intervention studies. Higher intake of fruit and vegetables was associated with better muscle function in observational studies, but the evidence from intervention studies was scarce. Non-liquid dairy foods were beneficial for muscle mass in both observational and intervention studies. There was moderate evidence for the role of these foods in muscle strength and sarcopenia, and limited or inconclusive evidence for the benefits of other whole foods (e.g., fish, eggs) for muscle health in older adults. Although current nutritional recommendations are often based on a single nutrient approach, further research about the role of protein-rich and other foods in muscle health will allow for the development of guidelines that are based on whole foods, also highlighting the potential importance of non-protein nutrients within these foods for myoprotection in older adults.

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