scholarly journals The Effect of a Low GI Diet on Truncal Fat Mass and Glycated Hemoglobin in South Indians with Type 2 Diabetes—A Single Centre Randomized Prospective Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivedita Pavithran ◽  
Harish Kumar ◽  
Arun Somasekharan Menon ◽  
Gopala Krishna Pillai ◽  
Karimassery Ramaiyer Sundaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
South India ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Total Fat

Background: There has been no previous study that has investigated the effect of a low glycemic index (LGI) diet with local recipes of South Indian cuisine on the body fat composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Truncal obesity has been associated with the risk of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a low GI diet on glycemic control and body composition in people with type 2 diabetes in South India. Method: This was a prospective and randomized controlled study that was conducted over a period of 24 weeks. A total of 40 participants were recruited from the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Outpatient in Kerala, South India. All the patients had type 2 diabetes and were randomly assigned and given advice and instructions to follow either a low GI diet plan (n = 18) or their usual diet, which served as control (n = 18). The advice was reinforced throughout the study period. Dietary compliance was evaluated based on a 24 h dietary recall at weeks 3, 11, 12, 18, 23, and 24. The age of the subjects ranged from 35 to 65 years. Anthropometric, body composition, and cardio-metabolic parameters were measured according to standard procedures. T-tests were conducted to compare differences between intervention and control groups and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate associations between the variables. Results: There were significant reductions (p < 0.05) in the low GI diet compared to the control group with respect to weight, body mass index (BMI), and triceps skinfold thickness. Similarly, significant reductions were observed in the low GI diet group with respect to region, total fat, android, and gynoid fat mass and the differences between the groups were significant at p < 0.05. There was also a positive correlation between BMI and android fat mass (r = 0.745), total fat mass (r = 0.661), total truncal mass (r = 0.821), and truncal fat (r = 0.707). There was a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin in the low GI diet group compared to the control group at p < 0.05. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of truncal obesity and glycated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes on a local diet of South Indian cuisine with low GI compared with the control.

scholarly journals Effects of once-weekly semaglutide vs once-daily canagliflozin on body composition in type 2 diabetes: a substudy of the SUSTAIN 8 randomised controlled clinical trial

Diabetologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory J. McCrimmon ◽  
Andrei-Mircea Catarig ◽  
Juan P. Frias ◽  
Nanna L. Lausvig ◽  
Carel W. le Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Treatment Difference ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Dxa Scans

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Intra-abdominal or visceral obesity is associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to compare the effects of semaglutide 1.0 mg and canagliflozin 300 mg on body composition in a subset of participants from the SUSTAIN 8 Phase IIIB, randomised double-blind trial who underwent whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. Methods Adults (age ≥18 years) with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c 53–91 mmol/mol (7.0–10.5%), on a stable daily dose of metformin (≥1500 mg or maximum tolerated dose) and with an eGFR ≥60 ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2 were randomised 1:1 to semaglutide 1.0 mg once weekly and canagliflozin placebo once daily, or canagliflozin 300 mg once daily and semaglutide placebo once weekly. Body composition was assessed using whole-body DXA scans. The study participants and investigator remained blinded throughout the trial, and quality of DXA scans was evaluated in a blinded manner. Change from baseline to week 52 in total fat mass (kg) was the confirmatory efficacy endpoint. Results A subset of 178 participants (semaglutide, n = 88; canagliflozin, n = 90) underwent DXA scanning at screening and were randomised into the substudy. Of these, 114 (semaglutide, n = 53; canagliflozin, n = 61) participants had observed end-of-treatment data included in the confirmatory efficacy analysis. Of the 178 participants in the substudy, numerical improvements in body composition (including fat mass, lean mass and visceral fat mass) were observed after 52 weeks with both treatments. Total fat mass (baseline 33.2 kg) was reduced by 3.4 kg and 2.6 kg with semaglutide and canagliflozin, respectively (estimated treatment difference: –0.79 [95% CI −2.10, 0.51]). Although total lean mass (baseline 51.3 kg) was also reduced by 2.3 kg and 1.5 kg with semaglutide and canagliflozin, respectively (estimated treatment difference: −0.78 [−1.61, 0.04]), the proportion of lean mass (baseline 59.4%) increased by 1.2%- and 1.1%-point, respectively (estimated treatment difference 0.14 [−0.89, 1.17]). Changes in visceral fat mass and overall changes in body composition (assessed by the fat to lean mass ratio) were comparable between the two treatment groups. Conclusions/interpretation In individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on stable-dose metformin therapy, the changes in body composition with semaglutide and canagliflozin were not significantly different. Although numerical improvements in body composition were observed following treatment in both treatment arms, the specific impact of both treatments on body composition in the absence of a placebo arm is speculative at this stage. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03136484. Funding This trial was supported by Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark.

scholarly journals Increased body fat mass reduces the association between fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin in obese type 2 diabetes patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Vergès ◽  
Alexia Rouland ◽  
Sabine Baillot‐Rudoni ◽  
Marie‐Claude Brindisi ◽  
Laurence Duvillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Diabetes Patients

scholarly journals Association between Interleukin-15 and Obesity: Interleukin-15 as a Potential Regulator of Fat Mass

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 4486-4493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Rinnov Nielsen ◽  
Pernille Hojman ◽  
Christian Erikstrup ◽  
Christian Philip Fischer ◽  
Peter Plomgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Interleukin 15 ◽  
Total Fat

Objective: IL-15 decreases lipid deposition in preadipocytes and decreases the mass of white adipose tissue in rats, indicating that IL-15 may take part in regulating this tissue. IL-15 is expressed in human skeletal muscle and skeletal muscle may be a source of plasma IL-15 and in this way regulate adipose tissue mass. Design: The relation between skeletal muscle IL-15 mRNA expression, plasma IL-15, and adipose tissue mass was studied in 199 humans divided into four groups on the basis of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, using a DNA electrotransfer model, we assessed the effect of IL-15 overexpression in skeletal muscle of mice. Results: In humans, multiple regression analysis showed a negative association between plasma IL-15 and total fat mass (P &lt; 0.05), trunk fat mass (P &lt; 0.01), and percent fat mass (P &lt; 0.05), independent of type 2 diabetes. Negative associations were also found between muscle IL-15 mRNA and obesity parameters. IL-15 overexpression in skeletal muscle of mice reduced trunk fat mass but not sc fat mass. Conclusions: Our results indicate that IL-15 may be a regulator of trunk fat mass.

scholarly journals MON-624 Effect of Whole Body Vibration on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela de Lucca Michels ◽  
Ana Clara d’Acampora ◽  
Camila Sartor Spivakoski ◽  
Priscila Nobre Dantas Mattje ◽  
Bruna da Silva Réus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Introduction: Physical activity plays an important role in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, but overall adherence rate is low. For patients not able or willing to engage in regular physical exercise, whole body vibration comes as a potential alternative. Objective: To evaluate the effect of 28Hz whole body mechanical vibration on glycemic control and other metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: 24 adults with type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic agents, with a baseline HbA1c between 6.5 and 9.0%, were randomized into two groups. The control group (CG) was advised to adopt lifestyle modifications, and the intervention group (IG) received the same orientations and used a 28 Hz whole body vibrating platform daily for 20-30 minutes during 12 weeks. Results: Data from 22 patients were analyzed (one from each group was excluded). Baseline characteristics of both groups were similar except for triglycerides, which were higher in the CG (111.8±39.9 mg/dL vs. 188.9±68.8 mg/dL, p&lt;0.05). After 12 weeks, there was a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin in the IG (7.69±0.49 vs. 7.17±0.77%, p&lt;0.05), not observed in the CG (8.05±0.98 vs. 7.92±1.07%, p=0.52). A non-significant trend for weight loss in IG was observed (78.14±10.47 vs. 77.14±11.08Kg, p=0.069). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding fasting blood glucose or any other clinical and biochemical variables analyzed. Conclusion: This study suggests an improvement in glycated hemoglobin at 12 weeks with the use of the 28Hz vibration platform in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, further studies with a larger number of patients and longer follow-up are needed to better define the role of whole body vibration as an adjuvant in glycemic control.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
L. M. Pechmann ◽  
T. H. Jonasson ◽  
V. S. Canossa ◽  
H. Trierweiler ◽  
G. Kisielewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Fat

Background. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of low muscle mass and sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus paired controls (control group, CG) and the association between sarcopenia and chronic diabetes complications. Methods. Men and women ≥50 years with T2DM (T2DM group, T2DMG) were recruited during routine outpatient visits. Total body densitometry and handgrip strength (HGS) were evaluated in the T2DMG and CG, while the T2DMG was also evaluated for the physical performance using the gait speed (GS) test. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project (FNIH). Results. The study included 177 individuals in the T2DMG and 146 in the CG. The mean HGS value was lower in the T2DMG (24.4 ± 10.3 kg) compared with the CG (30.9 ± 9.15 kg), p < 0.001 , with low HGS in 46 (25.9%) and 10 (9%) in the T2DMG and CG, respectively ( p < 0.001 ). The prevalence of sarcopenia defined according to the FNIH criteria was higher in the T2DMG 23 (12.9%) compared with the CG 8 (5.4%), p < 0.03 . The presence of albuminuria increased the odds of sarcopenia (odds ratio (OR) 2.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–7.68, p = 0.04 ) and osteoporosis (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.12–9.89, p = 0.03 ), even in patients with mild to moderate nephropathy. The body composition analysis showed increased odds of sarcopenia with increased percentage of total fat (%TF) in women (OR 1.18, 95% CI, 1.03–1.43, p = 0.03 ) and men (OR 1.31, 95% CI, 1.10–1.75, p = 0.01 ). Conclusion. Patients with T2DM presenting with albuminuria, osteoporosis, and increased %TF were more likely to have sarcopenia. This finding emphasizes the need for patients with T2DM to be evaluated for sarcopenia to allow for early implementation of measures to prevent or treat this disorder.

scholarly journals The Role of Serum Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 (ANGPTL-4) and its Gene in Iraq Patients with Type2 Diabetes Mellitus: Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Aseel Ali Abd Ali Sahib ◽  
◽  
Mohammed I. Hamzah ◽  
Mahmood Shakir Khudhair ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Background Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is produced by cell failure of pancreatic cells and insulin resistance and is a disorder in which the amount of sugar in the blood is elevated. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) functions as an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase, a critical enzyme in lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to explore if the ANGPTL4 gene's E40K variant and ANGPTL4 serum levels are related to the Body mass index, fasting glucose levels, lipid levels, and glycated hemoglobin.Method75 people were enrolled in this case-control study, 25 of whom had type 2 diabetes mellitus while the other 50 were healthy control subjects. Fasting blood glucose, Lipid profile, Glycated hemoglobin were estimated by Cobas 111 analyzer, BMI (weight, height) was calculated, angiopoietin-like protein 4by anenzyme-linked immune sorbent test kit and TaqMan genotyping-based real-time PCR was used to ascertain ANGPTL4 genotypes. The variant was linked to the risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and parameters used to quantify the variant were identified. Result Patients in the 30-50 age range with type 2 diabetes and those in the same age group who serve as controls. The control group had a lower level of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) than the diabetes group. Patients with T2DM had a substantially (p< 0.0001) greater fasting serum Angiopoietin-like protein 4 level than the control group (135.1±6.70) ng/ml and (62.35±6.4) ng/ml, respectively. The diabetes group has significantly higher fasting serum glucose, lipid profile, and glycated hemoglobin compared with non-diabetics. Serum Angiopoietin-like protein 4 was correlated positively with body mass index. (CC,CT,TT) genotypes of the rs2010871 polymorphism There was a significant difference in frequency of the control group (p =0.0477); however, there was no significant difference in its level of (diabetics, newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic before treatment)p-value (0.7066, 0.5555) respectively Conclusion Serum Angiopoietin-like protein 4 levels are negatively correlated to cholesterol, positively correlated to triglyceride, negatively correlated to HDL, positively correlated to HbA1c, negatively correlated to LDL, negatively correlated to VLDL, negatively correlated to FBS, negatively correlated to BMI. The C>T allele at the ANGPTL4 gene's rs2010871polymorphic locus was linked to a decreased prevalence of Type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of gustatory sensitivity of individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and their relatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e41610313525
Author(s):  
Talita Batista Matos ◽  
Lucas de Almeida Silva ◽  
Gildomar Lima Valasques Junior ◽  
Indiara Vieira Santana ◽  
Maria Patrícia Milagres
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Control Group

According to the literature reports of both the sensory loss of individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and of the importance of family interrelationships in the management of this pathology, there is a demand to evaluate the sensory perception of relatives of individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate sweet taste perception of diabetic individuals and their relatives. Methods: For this purpose, a sample of 150 volunteers was invited to participate, which was composed by individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 59 years, equally divided into three groups, constituted with 50 volunteers each: non-diabetic individuals, diabetic individuals and relatives. Furthermore, the glucose concentration of all participants was determined by capillary glycemia, and the diabetic participants were referred to a third-party laboratory to perform the glycated hemoglobin test using the immunoturbidimetric. Moreover, a questionnaire of personal and socio-demographic information was applied to diabetic participants and the sensory perception was evaluated through the test for sweet taste sensitivity. Results: The glycemic levels of the diabetic participants given by the Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) test revealed that the results had a mean of 7.92 + 1.89%, equivalent to 180.60 + 54.52 mg/dL. The threshold was 3.34 g/L for diabetic participants, 2.60 g/L for relatives, and 1.92 g/L for the control group. Conclusions: Therefore, the present study demonstrated that the threshold index for sweet taste perception is higher in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and their relatives when compared to the control group.

Measurements of Alterations in Bone Mineral Density, and Body Composition in a Group of Type-2 Diabetic Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Khalid Ghanim Majeed ◽  
Muthanna Hashim Dawood ◽  
Ali Khairaldeen Mohialdeen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Total Body

Aim: To assess the body composition of fat mass, lean mass, visceral fat mass, and total body water in DM patients and compares their findings with a healthy control group. Material and Methods: A total of 86 people including 40 diabetes Mellitus type 2 matched for sex and age with 46 healthy control participated in the study. BMDs of the lumbar vertebrae and the hip regions like (total femur, femoral neck) were assessed using the DXA technique. The mean age of (DM) group was 59 ± 11.82 years, the height 1.55 ± 0.05 m., the weight 80.82 ± 13.25 kg, and BMI 33.81 ± 6.76 kg/m2. Results: The differences in measurements of the lumbar spine BMD (1.12 ± 0.13 g/cm2), total femur BMD (1.10± 0.17 g/cm2) neck of femur BMD (0.85± 0.35 g/cm2), and total BMD of the body (0.90± 0.06 g/cm2) were highly significant in healthy control group as compared to DM patients 0.84 ± 0.13 g/cm2, 0.99±0.15 g/cm2, 0.82± 0.24 g/cm2 and 0.79 ± 0.09 g/cm2 respectively. Conclusion: The results shows a highly significant in the lumbar spine, total femur, and total BMC, and not significant in the neck of the femur. The total body lean compartment was not significantly different between DM patients and healthy control women groups. The total body water compartment in the DM women group was highly significant lower different comparing with a healthy control group. The mathematical equations to predict total bone density in DM type 2 and healthy control women were calculated.

Reversing Type 2 Diabetes in a Primary Care-Anchored eHealth Web-based Lifestyle Coaching Program in Denmark: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette Reffstrup Christensen ◽  
Camilla Sortsø ◽  
Jørgen T Lauridsen ◽  
Pernille R Jakobsen ◽  
Ditte H Laursen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND Lifestyle interventions can delay and reverse the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and decrease morbidity and mortality. Studies suggest that digital coaching based on real-time monitoring can lead to clinically relevant weight loss, as well as decreased or normalized hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for a significant number of patients. OBJECTIVE To assess whether an eHealth lifestyle coaching program (LIVA 2.0) for patients with T2D who are motivated for lifestyle changes leads to significant weight loss and decreased HbA1c, compared to usual care. METHODS In a randomized controlled single-blinded trial, 170 patients with T2D were enrolled from March 2018 to March 2019 and randomized to the intervention (100) and control (70) groups. Patients were recruited via their general practitioners, the Danish diabetes organization, and social media. The intervention comprised an initial face-to-face motivational interview followed by digital coaching. The same healthcare professional coach provided synchronous and asynchronous multimodal feedback and used digital behavioral change techniques enabled by an app providing live monitoring of lifestyle behaviors. Primary outcome was body weight. Secondary outcomes were changes in HbA1c, body composition, lipids, and quality of life at 6 months. RESULTS At 6 months, 75 patients (75%) in the intervention group and 53 patients (76%) in the control group remained in the study. Mean body weight loss was 4.2 kg (95% CI, 5.5- 3.0) in the intervention group vs 1.5 kg (95% CI, 2.57- 0.48) in the control group (P = .005). In the intervention group, 36 (52%) patients lost > 3% body weight, compared to 12 (32%) patients in the control group. Mean HbA1c was lower in both groups at 6 months, with reductions of 8.2% (95% CI, 11.01 to 5.29) and 5.5% (95% CI, 8.75 to 2.76) for the intervention and control groups, respectively (P = .203). In the intervention group, 24 (32%) had an HbA1c <6.5% at 6 months, compared to 8 (15%) in the control group (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Reduction in body weight and remission rate for HbA1c, as well as improved body composition can be enhanced by using digital lifestyle coaching for patients with T2D. CLINICALTRIAL Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03788915 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03788915 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR2-10.2196/19172 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/19172

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