scholarly journals Obesogenic Lifestyle and Its Influence on Adiposity in Children and Adolescents, Evidence from Mexico

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree Lopez-Gonzalez ◽  
Armando Partida-Gaytán ◽  
Jonathan C. Wells ◽  
Pamela Reyes-Delpech ◽  
Fatima Avila-Rosano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Dose Response Effect

Overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) during childhood/adolescence are major public health problems in Mexico. Several obesogenic lifestyle (OL) risk factors have been identified, but the burden and consequences of them in Mexican children/adolescents remain unclear. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of OL components and describe their relationships with adiposity, and OW/OB. A population-based cross-sectional study of Mexican children/adolescents with nutritional assessment, data collection on daily habits and adiposity as fat-mass index (FMI) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed. Individual OL-components: “inactivity,” “excessive screen time,” “insufficient sleep,” “unhealthy-diet”, were defined according to non-adherence to previously published healthy recommendations. Results: 1449 subjects were assessed between March 2015 to April 2018. Sixteen percent of subjects had all four OL-components, 40% had three, 35% had two, 9% had one, and 0.5% had none. A cumulative OL score showed a significant dose–response effect with FMI. The combination of inactivity, excessive screen time, and insufficient sleep showed the highest risk association to OW/OB and higher values of FMI. Conclusions: The prevalence of OL-components was extremely high and associated with increased adiposity and OW/OB. Several interventions are needed to revert this major public health threat.

Predictors of Dental Caries Among Adults Attending Public Oral Health Facilities in Two Districts in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A Cross Sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Mthethwa ◽  
Ozayr Mahomed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Unhealthy Diet

Abstract Background: Dental caries is the most common chronic oral condition affecting millions of people worldwide. There are several predictors of dental caries that include amongst others water source, fluoride use, smoking status, alcohol use, employment status, level of education, diet and socioeconomic status. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and or predictors associated with dental caries among adults attending dental clinics at public health facilities in eThekwini and uMgungundlovu districts in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province of South AfricaSetting: The study took place at thirteen dental public health clinics in eThekwini and six from uMgungundlovu districts in KZN province, South AfricaMethods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted over a 5-month period from November 2018 to the end of March 2019 with a sample of 4716 patients of all adults 18 years and above age groups. A clinical examination as well as a close-ended questionnaire on the diagnosis, basic demographics data, socioeconomic status (SES), as well as lifestyle-related questions such as smoking, alcohol use and dietary choices, was administered to all consenting participants. Bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis using logistical regression were used to measure the association.Results: Females participants OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.6) p < 0.001**, patients consuming an unhealthy diet OR1.2 (95% CI 1.2-1.6) p < 0.001** were more likely to develop dental caries. Patients Achieving more than secondary level education were OR 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) p = 0.02* less likely to develop dental caries. Despite showing a slightly increased odds ratio OR 1.25 (95% CI 0.93-1.67) p = 0.14, lack of access to water was not a statistically significant contributor to dental caries.Conclusion: This study showed that female sex, consumption of an unhealthy diet and lower than a secondary level of education were the predictors of dental caries. It is hoped that these findings will contribute in influencing dental public health policy planning to ensure that planning for dental services takes a more comprehensive approach that includes health promotion, primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention at appropriate levels of the health system.

The prevalence and influencing factors of anemia among pre-pregnant women in mainland China: A large population-based, cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyue Zhu ◽  
Qiaoyun Dai ◽  
Xiang Hong ◽  
Hongguang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Anemia is a global public health problem affecting women worldwide, and reproductive-age women are at increased risk. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study analyzing the prevalence of overall anemia and anemia according to severity in Chinese pre-pregnant women to update current knowledge on anemia epidemiology. Based on the National Free Preconception Check-up Projects supported by the Chinese government, 5,679,782 women participating in this project in 2017 were included in this study. The cyanmethemoglobin method was applied to assess hemoglobin concentrations. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied for associated factors. The prevalence of anemia among Chinese pre-pregnant women was 21.64% (mild anemia: 14.10%, moderate anemia: 7.17%, severe anemia: 0.37%). The prevalence of overall and severe anemia was the highest in Tibet and the lowest in Beijing among 31 provinces. Women’s age, region, ethnic origin, educational level, occupation, and pregnancy history were all correlated with anemia. Women with B blood type (aOR=0.89), higher BMIs (overweight: aOR=0.84; obesity: aOR=0.70), and alcohol consumption (aOR=0.69) were less likely to have anemia, while those with rhesus negative blood type (aOR=1.10), history of anemia (aOR=2.60), older age at menarche (aOR=1.19), heavy menstrual blood loss (aOR=1.39), longer menstrual period (aOR=1.09) and shorter menstrual cycle (aOR=1.08) were more likely to suffer from anemia. Meat or egg eaters were not significantly associated with severe anemia. Anemia is of moderate public health significance among Chinese pre-pregnant women. Interventions should be considered to prevent anemia to the greatest extent possible to avoid potential harm in this population.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of physiotherapy utilization among adults and elderly

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Vinholes Siqueira ◽  
Luiz Augusto Facchini ◽  
Pedro Curi Hallal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Primary Sample ◽  
Public Health Authorities

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of physiotherapy utilization and to explore the variables associated to its utilization. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study, including 3,100 subjects aged 20 years or more living in the urban area of Pelotas, southern Brazil, was carried out. The sample was selected following a multiple-stage protocol; the census tracts delimited by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) were the primary sample units. Following descriptive and crude analyses, Poisson regression models taking the clustering of the sample into account were carried out. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a standardized and pre-tested questionnaire. RESULTS: The lifetime utilization of physiotherapy was 30.2%; and physiotherapy utilization in the 12 months prior to the interview was reported by 4.9%. Women, elderly subjects, and those from higher socioeconomic levels were more likely to use physiotherapy. Restricting analysis to subjects who attended physiotherapy, 66% used public health services, 25% used insurance health services and 9% had private sessions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first population-based study on physiotherapy utilization carried out in Brazil. Utilization of physio therapy was lower than reported in both developed and developing countries. The study findings might help public health authorities to organize healthcare service in terms of this important demand.

scholarly journals Impact of 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline on Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, Control and Risk Factors of Hypertension: a Population-based, Cross-sectional Study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sadeghi ◽  
Bahman Cheraghian ◽  
Zahra Mohammadi ◽  
Sadaf G Sepanlou ◽  
Sahar Masoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Control ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Background: In 2017, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) provided a new guideline for hypertension prevention and management. We aimed to update the prevalence, awareness, control and risk factors of hypertension based on this guideline and to estimate the number of people who are eligible for non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic intervention. Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Khuzestan, a large province in the southwest of Iran. Comprehensive information about the potential risk factors of hypertension was collected and blood pressure, blood biomarkers, and anthropometric were measured. Moreover, the dietary pattern was evaluated in 10% of the participants, using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire.Results: A total number of 30,506 individuals aged 20-65 years was included in this study. In comparison to previous guideline (JNC8), the prevalence of hypertension in Khuzestan dramatically increased by 27.04% after implementation of ACC/AHA (15.81% vs 42.85%), which was more dominant in the male population and the 50-59 age group. The sex and age adjustment of the hypertension prevalence was estimated to be 39.40%. The number of individuals required antihypertensive treatment was slightly increased from 15.53% to 21.18%; however, the level of awareness and control dramatically dropped by 23.17% & 31.78%, respectively. All hypertension-related risk factors remained significant after applying the new guideline; however, the strength of the association was reduced in the risk factors like age, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, alcohol consumption, water pipe usage, and physical activity. Similarity, the association between hypertension and history of diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases were decreased by 38%, and 62%, respectively.Conclusions: In the ACC/AHA guideline, a higher number of individuals with the pre-hypertension condition had been shifted into the hypertension category and the level of awareness, treatment, and control was dramatically fallen, which highlight a great need to expand the public health infrastructure for further managing the substantial increase in the public health burden of hypertension.

Nutritional assessment and associated factors in the elderly: a population-based cross-sectional study

Nutrition ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55-56 ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana M.B. Stoffel ◽  
Francisco Wilker M.G. Muniz ◽  
Paulo R.G. Colussi ◽  
Cassiano K. Rösing ◽  
Eliane L. Colussi
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Perception and preventive behavior during COVID-19 pandemic among urban residents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-6
Author(s):  
Husnah ◽  
Liza Salawati ◽  
Sakdiah ◽  
Nurul Nazira ◽  
Sarah Firdausa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Preventive Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Banda Aceh

BACKGROUND It is critical to evaluate the perception and preventive behavior of COVID-19 to formulate the optimal public health strategies for tackling the ongoing pandemic. This study aimed to enhance knowledge on the perception and preventive behavior toward COVID-19 among urban residents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted from September to October 2020 using a structured questionnaire for the attendants of the six public health centers in Banda Aceh. Information about sociodemographic, perception, and preventive behavior toward COVID-19 were collected. The data were analyzed to find the association between the level of preventive behavior and covariates. RESULTS Among 1,067 respondents, 71.1% were female, 52.5% were aged between 40 and 60 years, 31.2% were university graduates, and >60% were unemployed with underlying diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiopulmonary diseases. The responses of each statement toward COVID-19 were varied. The multivariable model of covariates showed that females had good preventive behavior toward COVID-19 (adjusted OR: 1.849, 95% CI: 1.359–2.515). Urban residents in Banda Aceh with the underlying diseases had poor preventive behavior, while those with higher educational level and perception scores were more inclined to engage in good preventive behavior. CONCLUSIONS Most urban residents in Banda Aceh showed positive perception and propensity for adopting preventive measures. Health education is necessary for susceptible residents, such as males, less educated people, and people with underlying diseases. It should be stressed on specific practices and knowledge.

scholarly journals Prevalence of excessive screen time and its association with developmental delay in children aged <5 years: A population-based cross-sectional study in India

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254102
Author(s):  
Samya Varadarajan ◽  
Akila Govindarajan Venguidesvarane ◽  
Karthik Narayanan Ramaswamy ◽  
Muthukumar Rajamohan ◽  
Murugesan Krupa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Language Delay ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

The global growth of electronic media usage among children has caused concerns regarding screen time (ST) impact on child development. No previous population-based studies have evaluated ST and child development in India. This study aimed to determine the burden of ST, associated sociodemographic factors, and its impact on domains of child development. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of rural and urban health centers in Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 718 children (396 rural and 322 urban) were selected, using a cluster random sampling method. ST estimates were obtained from parents/guardian after a 7-day observation period. The Communication DEALL Developmental Checklist was used to assess child development. The mean ST was 2.39 hours/day (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.23–2.54), and the prevalence of excessive ST was 73% (95% CI: 69.2–76.8). Excessive ST was significantly associated with the mothers’ ST, screen usage at bedtime, birth order (in children < 2 years), and attending school (in children ≥ 2 years). Increased ST was significantly associated with developmental delay, in particular, in the domains of language acquisition and communication. In children aged ≥ 2 years, a delay in ≥ 3 domains was associated with ST (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 17.75, 95% CI: 5.04–62.49, p < 0.001), as was language delay (AOR = 52.92, 95% CI: 12.33–227.21, p < 0.001). In children aged < 2 years, a delay in ≥ 2 domains was associated with ST (AOR = 16.79, 95% CI: 2.26–124.4, p < 0.001), as was language delay (AOR = 20.93, 95% CI: 2.68–163.32, p < 0.01). A very high prevalence of excessive ST was identified, with a significant association with developmental delay in children. There is an urgent need to include education on ST limits at the primary healthcare level.

scholarly journals The Study to Investigate COVID-19 Infection in People Living in Ireland (SCOPI): A seroprevalence study, June to July 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Heavey ◽  
Patricia Garvey ◽  
Aoife M Colgan ◽  
Lelia Thornton ◽  
Jeff Connell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Action ◽  
June July

Background Robust data on SARS-CoV-2 population seroprevalence supplement surveillance data in providing evidence for public health action. Aim To conduct a SARS-CoV-2 population-based seroprevalence survey in Ireland. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, we selected population samples from individuals aged 12–69 years in counties Dublin and Sligo using the Health Service Executive Primary Care Reimbursement Service database as a sampling frame. Samples were selected with probability proportional to the general population age–sex distribution, and by simple random sampling within age–sex strata. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected using the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay and confirmed using the Wantai Assay. We estimated the population SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence weighted for age, sex and geographic area. Results Participation rates were 30% (913/3,043) and 44% (820/1,863) in Dublin and Sligo. Thirty-three specimens had detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (1.9%). We estimated weighted seroprevalences of 3.12% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.05–4.53) and 0.58% (95% CI: 0.18–1.38) for Dublin and Sligo, and 1.69% (95% CI: 1.13–2.41) nationally. This equates to an estimated 59,482 (95% CI: 39,772–85,176) people aged 12–69 years nationally having had infection with SARS-CoV-2, 3.0 (95% CI: 2.0–4.3) times higher than confirmed notifications. Ten participants reported a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 -infection; eight of these were antibody-positive. Twenty-five antibody-positive participants had not reported previous laboratory-confirmed infection. Conclusion The majority of people in Ireland are unlikely to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 by June–July 2020. Non-pharmaceutical public health measures remained key pending widespread availability of vaccination, and effective treatments.

scholarly journals Overweight in Rural Quilombola and Non-quilombola Adolescents From the Northeast of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie M. C. Cairo ◽  
Camila S. S. Teixeira ◽  
Tainan O. da Silva ◽  
Etna K. P. da Silva ◽  
Poliana C. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Overweight is an emerging problem among children and adolescents that leads to the development of several morbidities and health risks. Overweight occurs differently in different populations, especially in vulnerable groups like the rural and quilombola communities (an African-descendant population). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and to investigate the possible associated factors in rural adolescents living in both quilombola and non-quilombola communities in Northeast Brazil.Methods: This study is a population-based cross-sectional study with a household approach carried out in 2015 with 390 adolescents (age 10–19 years) living in rural quilombola and non-quilombola communities. The nutritional status was gauged using z-scores calculated for body mass index (BMI) and varies with gender and age. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to establish associations between the results and explained variables. The multivariate analysis followed a model with a hierarchical entry of covariables controlled by gender and age.Results: The study showed that 18.5% of rural adolescents were overweight, of which 17.9% were quilombolas and 19.0% were non-quilombolas. A significant difference in overweight between the samples was not found. In the multivariate-adjusted model, age ≥16 years (PR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28–0.95), the habit of having regular breakfast (PR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35–0.98), and process of attending school (PR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.17–0.71) were associated with a lower prevalence of overweight. Stationary screen time, in contrast, was associated with a higher prevalence (PR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.05–2.46). The process of attending school was associated with a lower prevalence of overweight (PR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09–0.69), even for the quilombolas.Conclusions: A low prevalence of overweight was identified in rural adolescents. Overweight was significantly associated with the habit of having regular breakfast, older age, stationary screen time, and the process of attending school. The results reveal that school is a potential space for health promotion interventions, specifically in the most vulnerable rural regions, such as the quilombola communities. Besides, the study emphasizes the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle early in life, including cultivating the habit of having regular breakfast and reducing stationary screen time.

scholarly journals Undertreated Hypertension and its Implications for Public Health in Nepal: Nationwide Population-Based Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Koju ◽  
K Manandhar ◽  
A Risal ◽  
TJ Steiner ◽  
A Holen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Hypertension (HTN), a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is a substantial global public health problem. Occasional studies indicate a high prevalence of HTN in the Nepalese population, but no nationwide population-based data exist so far. We opportunistically used a survey of major disorders of the brain in Nepal to measure blood pressure (BP) in participants selected randomly from the adult general population.Objective To establish the prevalence of elevated BP (eBP), and factors associated with it, regardless of any antihypertensive therapy being taken. We took this to be indicative of unmet health-care need.Method This was a cross-sectional study, conducted by unannounced household visits, employing multistage random cluster sampling. To achieve representativeness, 15 districts out of 75 in the country were investigated: one district from each of the three physiographic divisions in each of the five development regions of Nepal. One adult aged 18-65 years was selected from each household and interviewed by structured questionnaire. BP was recorded in a standardised manner by digital device (Microlife 3BM1-3®).Result From 2,109 eligible households, 2,100 adults (99.6%) participated. The prevalence of eBP (>140/90 mmHg on ?2 readings) was found to be 15.1%. Multivariate logistic regression showed significant and independent associations with demographic variables (higher age, male gender), with life-style factors (daily alcohol consumption, BMI ?25), and with living at high altitude (?2000 m).Conclusion In the context of the survey we could not collect data on antihypertensive therapy being taken but, clearly, whatever this might have been, it was failing to meet treatment needs. Almost one in six adults met criteria for hypertension, carrying risk implications for CVDs and their substantial public-health consequences. Two remediable associated factors were identified, although in a cross-sectional survey we could not prove causation.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.13(1) 2015; 3-7

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