The Study to Investigate COVID-19 Infection in People Living in Ireland (SCOPI): A seroprevalence study, June to July 2020

Background Robust data on SARS-CoV-2 population seroprevalence supplement surveillance data in providing evidence for public health action. Aim To conduct a SARS-CoV-2 population-based seroprevalence survey in Ireland. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, we selected population samples from individuals aged 12–69 years in counties Dublin and Sligo using the Health Service Executive Primary Care Reimbursement Service database as a sampling frame. Samples were selected with probability proportional to the general population age–sex distribution, and by simple random sampling within age–sex strata. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected using the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay and confirmed using the Wantai Assay. We estimated the population SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence weighted for age, sex and geographic area. Results Participation rates were 30% (913/3,043) and 44% (820/1,863) in Dublin and Sligo. Thirty-three specimens had detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (1.9%). We estimated weighted seroprevalences of 3.12% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.05–4.53) and 0.58% (95% CI: 0.18–1.38) for Dublin and Sligo, and 1.69% (95% CI: 1.13–2.41) nationally. This equates to an estimated 59,482 (95% CI: 39,772–85,176) people aged 12–69 years nationally having had infection with SARS-CoV-2, 3.0 (95% CI: 2.0–4.3) times higher than confirmed notifications. Ten participants reported a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 -infection; eight of these were antibody-positive. Twenty-five antibody-positive participants had not reported previous laboratory-confirmed infection. Conclusion The majority of people in Ireland are unlikely to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 by June–July 2020. Non-pharmaceutical public health measures remained key pending widespread availability of vaccination, and effective treatments.

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Prevalence of caesarean section and womens' attitude towards caesarean section in Manipur, North-Eastern India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200451 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 694

Author(s):

Joymati Oinam ◽

Shantibala Kongjenbam ◽

Yumnam Ningthemba Singh

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Age Groups ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Favorable Attitude ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

P Value ◽

Sampling Frame ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: The rapid increase of caesarean section (CS) rate throughout the world has become a serious public health issue since the level of CS is well above the WHO (1985) recommended 15% and it is increasing over time. Objectives of the study was to determine the prevalence of caesarean section and women’s attitudes towards CS, to investigate rural-urban differences and any associated factors between attitude with socio-demographic factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban and rural areas of three districts of Manipur from 2015 to 2017 among 600 eligible married women aged 18-35 years selected by simple random sampling. Household was taken as sampling unit and electoral roll (2013) as sampling frame. An interview schedule was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics like mean, SD, proportion and inferential statistics like χ2 test was used. p-value 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Mean age of the participants was 29.7±4.6 years. The overall prevalence of CS rate was 18.5% and the first child CS rate was 19.9% and majority of them belongs to 30-35 age groups. Majority of the women (84.2%) have neutral attitude and only 7.6% have favorable attitude towards CS. Favorable attitude towards CS was more among women who married at ≥30 years, whose husband was >30 years and was a government employee and who ever had CS.Conclusions: Although the prevalence of CS is well above the WHO (1985) recommendation. Majority still preferred vaginal delivery and the demand for CS is low in the present setting.

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A study on the prevalence of dental caries among the school-going children in Tamil Nadu

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174122 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 3582 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gomathy Parasuraman ◽

Y. Gowtham Krishna ◽

M. Kaviya ◽

Nischal A. Jain ◽

Prashanth Rajendran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Dental caries is an important social problem in India and is predominantly a disease of childhood. The prevalence and incidence of dental caries is influenced by various socio–demographic factors like age, sex, ethnic groups, dietary patterns and oral hygiene habits. The objective of the study were to estimate the prevalence of dental caries among the school going children aged between 5–10 years and to determine the risk factors associated with dental caries.Methods: A population based cross–sectional study was conducted among the primary school going children in Thirumazhisai from February 2016 to July 2016. Simple random sampling technique was employed and 357 children were identified for the study. Descriptive statistics was calculated for background variables and association between the risk factors and evidence of dental caries was analyzed by tests of proportions and chi square test was used as a statistical test of significance. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries was found to be 63.9%. Higher prevalence of dental caries was found among the girls (54%), among the lower socioeconomic class (41.7%), among those who consumed mixed diet (74.8%), among those who consumed junk foods (62.6%) at least once every day and among those who consumed dairy products (58.9%) at least once every day. Dental caries was found to be low in prevalence among those who consumed fruits several times a week (6.1%), among those who brushed their teeth twice/more than twice a day (20.2%) and among those who washed their mouth after each meal (38.7%). Conclusions: Lack of awareness, improper dietary habits and poor oral hygienic practices are seemingly the contributing factors for the development of dental caries. Dental caries is a preventable disease which can be alleviated by creating community awareness through health education activities.

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The prevalence and influencing factors of anemia among pre-pregnant women in mainland China: A large population-based, cross-sectional study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521001148 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-31

Author(s):

Jun Zhao ◽

Xiaoyue Zhu ◽

Qiaoyun Dai ◽

Xiang Hong ◽

Hongguang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Blood Type ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Severe Anemia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Anemia is a global public health problem affecting women worldwide, and reproductive-age women are at increased risk. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study analyzing the prevalence of overall anemia and anemia according to severity in Chinese pre-pregnant women to update current knowledge on anemia epidemiology. Based on the National Free Preconception Check-up Projects supported by the Chinese government, 5,679,782 women participating in this project in 2017 were included in this study. The cyanmethemoglobin method was applied to assess hemoglobin concentrations. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied for associated factors. The prevalence of anemia among Chinese pre-pregnant women was 21.64% (mild anemia: 14.10%, moderate anemia: 7.17%, severe anemia: 0.37%). The prevalence of overall and severe anemia was the highest in Tibet and the lowest in Beijing among 31 provinces. Women’s age, region, ethnic origin, educational level, occupation, and pregnancy history were all correlated with anemia. Women with B blood type (aOR=0.89), higher BMIs (overweight: aOR=0.84; obesity: aOR=0.70), and alcohol consumption (aOR=0.69) were less likely to have anemia, while those with rhesus negative blood type (aOR=1.10), history of anemia (aOR=2.60), older age at menarche (aOR=1.19), heavy menstrual blood loss (aOR=1.39), longer menstrual period (aOR=1.09) and shorter menstrual cycle (aOR=1.08) were more likely to suffer from anemia. Meat or egg eaters were not significantly associated with severe anemia. Anemia is of moderate public health significance among Chinese pre-pregnant women. Interventions should be considered to prevent anemia to the greatest extent possible to avoid potential harm in this population.

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Assessment of sub-centres of Belagavi district according to Indian public health standards 2012 guidelines: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1938

Author(s):

Shrinivas K. Patil ◽

Shivaswamy M. S.

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Centre ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary Health Care System ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Level Of Functioning ◽

Health Standards

Background: In the public sector, a sub-health centre (sub-centre) is the most peripheral and first point of contact between the primary health care system and the community. The current level of functioning of the Sub-centres is much below the expectations. Objective: To assess sub-centres of Belagavi District according to Indian public health standards 2012 guidelines.Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in Belagavi district of Karnataka. forty SCs, four SC from each of the 10 Talukas of Belagavi district were selected by simple random sampling. Study period: 1st January to 31st December 2014. Data collected - using a predesigned and structured questionnaire for IPHS facility survey.Results: The study showed 35% of SCs were catering the services for population as per the norms. Services like ante-natal clinics, post-natal clinics and immunization sessions were conducted regularly in all the SCs. About 33% of SCs had no buildings. A deficiency worth highlighting in the present study was the absence of residential facilities for the staff in half of the SCs. Proper supervision and monitoring of the service delivery activities of the SC staff was done only in 70% of SCs.Conclusions: IPHS guidelines are not being followed at SC level in the district. Recruitment of SC staff especially the Health Worker Male post should be filled at all the SCs for efficient functioning of the SCs. The SC should be periodically surveyed to identify the deficiency and necessary action could be taken to correct it.

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Determinan EpidemiologisKejadian Diare Pada Anak Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Juntinyuat

Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan STIKES Hang Tuah Surabaya ◽

10.30643/jiksht.v13i2.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Hairil Akbar

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Health Center ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Wastewater Disposal ◽

Public Health Center

Infants are a nation's investment because they are the next generation for a nation. The quality of a nation can be determined by the quality of its infants at this time. Health problems during infancy can affect growth, especially disorders in the digestive tract such as diarrhea. Diarrhea affects the absorption of nutrients for the growth of children under five and diarrhea is the leading cause of infant mortality globally. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of diarrhea in children infants in Public Health Center Juntinyuat. This was an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional study design. The population under study was entire children aged 12-59 months in Public Health Center Juntinyuat with the total population of 1882 infants. The sample consisted of 94 selected children aged 12-59 months using Simple Random Sampling. According to the result of a simple logistic regression test, there was a relationship of nutritional status with p-value 0.002 (p <0,05), the existence of the trash with p-value 0.039 (p <0,05), and the presence of wastewater disposal facilities with p-value 0,008 (p <0,05) to diarrhea occurrence in infants Keywords: Diarrhea, Nutritional Status, The Existence of The Trash, The Presence of wastewater Disposal Facilities

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Epidemiology of physiotherapy utilization among adults and elderly

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-89102005000400022 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 662-668 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Fernando Vinholes Siqueira ◽

Luiz Augusto Facchini ◽

Pedro Curi Hallal

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Services ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Public Health Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Primary Sample ◽

Public Health Authorities

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of physiotherapy utilization and to explore the variables associated to its utilization. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study, including 3,100 subjects aged 20 years or more living in the urban area of Pelotas, southern Brazil, was carried out. The sample was selected following a multiple-stage protocol; the census tracts delimited by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) were the primary sample units. Following descriptive and crude analyses, Poisson regression models taking the clustering of the sample into account were carried out. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a standardized and pre-tested questionnaire. RESULTS: The lifetime utilization of physiotherapy was 30.2%; and physiotherapy utilization in the 12 months prior to the interview was reported by 4.9%. Women, elderly subjects, and those from higher socioeconomic levels were more likely to use physiotherapy. Restricting analysis to subjects who attended physiotherapy, 66% used public health services, 25% used insurance health services and 9% had private sessions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first population-based study on physiotherapy utilization carried out in Brazil. Utilization of physio therapy was lower than reported in both developed and developing countries. The study findings might help public health authorities to organize healthcare service in terms of this important demand.

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Impact of 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline on Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, Control and Risk Factors of Hypertension: a Population-based, Cross-sectional Study in Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-73452/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Sadeghi ◽

Bahman Cheraghian ◽

Zahra Mohammadi ◽

Sadaf G Sepanlou ◽

Sahar Masoudi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Burden ◽

The Public ◽

And Control ◽

Number Of Individuals

Abstract Background: In 2017, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) provided a new guideline for hypertension prevention and management. We aimed to update the prevalence, awareness, control and risk factors of hypertension based on this guideline and to estimate the number of people who are eligible for non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic intervention. Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Khuzestan, a large province in the southwest of Iran. Comprehensive information about the potential risk factors of hypertension was collected and blood pressure, blood biomarkers, and anthropometric were measured. Moreover, the dietary pattern was evaluated in 10% of the participants, using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire.Results: A total number of 30,506 individuals aged 20-65 years was included in this study. In comparison to previous guideline (JNC8), the prevalence of hypertension in Khuzestan dramatically increased by 27.04% after implementation of ACC/AHA (15.81% vs 42.85%), which was more dominant in the male population and the 50-59 age group. The sex and age adjustment of the hypertension prevalence was estimated to be 39.40%. The number of individuals required antihypertensive treatment was slightly increased from 15.53% to 21.18%; however, the level of awareness and control dramatically dropped by 23.17% & 31.78%, respectively. All hypertension-related risk factors remained significant after applying the new guideline; however, the strength of the association was reduced in the risk factors like age, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, alcohol consumption, water pipe usage, and physical activity. Similarity, the association between hypertension and history of diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases were decreased by 38%, and 62%, respectively.Conclusions: In the ACC/AHA guideline, a higher number of individuals with the pre-hypertension condition had been shifted into the hypertension category and the level of awareness, treatment, and control was dramatically fallen, which highlight a great need to expand the public health infrastructure for further managing the substantial increase in the public health burden of hypertension.

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Obesogenic Lifestyle and Its Influence on Adiposity in Children and Adolescents, Evidence from Mexico

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 819 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Desiree Lopez-Gonzalez ◽

Armando Partida-Gaytán ◽

Jonathan C. Wells ◽

Pamela Reyes-Delpech ◽

Fatima Avila-Rosano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Screen Time ◽

Nutritional Assessment ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Insufficient Sleep ◽

Mexican Children ◽

Unhealthy Diet ◽

Dose Response Effect

Overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) during childhood/adolescence are major public health problems in Mexico. Several obesogenic lifestyle (OL) risk factors have been identified, but the burden and consequences of them in Mexican children/adolescents remain unclear. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of OL components and describe their relationships with adiposity, and OW/OB. A population-based cross-sectional study of Mexican children/adolescents with nutritional assessment, data collection on daily habits and adiposity as fat-mass index (FMI) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed. Individual OL-components: “inactivity,” “excessive screen time,” “insufficient sleep,” “unhealthy-diet”, were defined according to non-adherence to previously published healthy recommendations. Results: 1449 subjects were assessed between March 2015 to April 2018. Sixteen percent of subjects had all four OL-components, 40% had three, 35% had two, 9% had one, and 0.5% had none. A cumulative OL score showed a significant dose–response effect with FMI. The combination of inactivity, excessive screen time, and insufficient sleep showed the highest risk association to OW/OB and higher values of FMI. Conclusions: The prevalence of OL-components was extremely high and associated with increased adiposity and OW/OB. Several interventions are needed to revert this major public health threat.

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Perception and preventive behavior during COVID-19 pandemic among urban residents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.oa.215674 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 290-6

Author(s):

Husnah ◽

Liza Salawati ◽

Sakdiah ◽

Nurul Nazira ◽

Sarah Firdausa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Residents ◽

University Graduates ◽

Preventive Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Underlying Diseases ◽

Public Health Strategies ◽

Banda Aceh

BACKGROUND It is critical to evaluate the perception and preventive behavior of COVID-19 to formulate the optimal public health strategies for tackling the ongoing pandemic. This study aimed to enhance knowledge on the perception and preventive behavior toward COVID-19 among urban residents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted from September to October 2020 using a structured questionnaire for the attendants of the six public health centers in Banda Aceh. Information about sociodemographic, perception, and preventive behavior toward COVID-19 were collected. The data were analyzed to find the association between the level of preventive behavior and covariates. RESULTS Among 1,067 respondents, 71.1% were female, 52.5% were aged between 40 and 60 years, 31.2% were university graduates, and >60% were unemployed with underlying diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiopulmonary diseases. The responses of each statement toward COVID-19 were varied. The multivariable model of covariates showed that females had good preventive behavior toward COVID-19 (adjusted OR: 1.849, 95% CI: 1.359–2.515). Urban residents in Banda Aceh with the underlying diseases had poor preventive behavior, while those with higher educational level and perception scores were more inclined to engage in good preventive behavior. CONCLUSIONS Most urban residents in Banda Aceh showed positive perception and propensity for adopting preventive measures. Health education is necessary for susceptible residents, such as males, less educated people, and people with underlying diseases. It should be stressed on specific practices and knowledge.

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Association between obesity and socioeconomic factors and lifestyle

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0909705g ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 66 (9) ◽

pp. 705-710 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Vera Grujic ◽

Mirjana Martinov-Cvejin ◽

Erzebet Ac-Nikolic ◽

Natasa Dragnic ◽

Vesna Mijatovic-Jovanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obese Women ◽

Public Health Action ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Action ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

Background/Aim. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing at an alarming rate and it is a manifestation of the epidemics of a sedentary lifestyle and excessive energy intake. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population of the Province of Vojvodina, Serbia, and to examine the association between obesity and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Methods. A cross-sectional study conducted in the Province of Vojvodina in 2006 involved 3 854 participants aged 20 years and over (1 831 men and 2 023 women). The study was a countinuation of the baseline study conducted in 2000 (n = 2 840, 1 255 men and 1 585 women). The main outcome measures were overweight and obesity (Body Mass Index - BMI ? 25 kg/m2), sociodemographic factors, including nutrition habits - having breakfast everyday and television watching frequency. Results. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in both sexes in 2006 was 57.4% (35.7% were overweight and 21.7% obese). The prevalence of overweight was higher in men (41.1%) than in women (30.9%) (p < 0.001) while obesity was higher in women (23.1%) as compared to men (20.2%) (p = 0.035). For both sexes, overweight rates were highest at the age 60-69 (men 44.8% and women 39.1%) while obesity rates were peaked to men aged 50-59 (25.1%) and women aged 60-69 years (37.8%). Increasing ageing, males, rural population, single examinees, lower educational level, improved income, examinees that never/sometimes have breakfast and frequently watch TV were associated with obesity. Conclusions. The population of Vojvodina, with 23.1% obese women and 20.2% obese men is one of severely affected European populations. High prevalence of obesity requires urgent public health action. Healthy lifestyle, balanced nutrition with low energy intake and increased physical activity have to be promoted within a prevention strategy and obesity management.

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