scholarly journals Effects of Ramadan Observance on Dietary Intake and Body Composition of Adolescent Athletes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Trabelsi ◽  
Achraf Ammar ◽  
Omar Boukhris ◽  
Jordan M Glenn ◽  
Nick Bott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Body Fat Content

To evaluate the effects of Ramadan observance on dietary intake, body mass and body composition of adolescent athletes (design: systematic review and meta-analysis; data sources: PubMed and Web of Science; eligibility criteria for selecting studies: single-group, pre-post, with or without control-group studies, conducted in athletes aged <19 years, training at least 3 times/week, and published in any language before 12 February 2020). Studies assessing body mass and/or body composition and/or dietary intake were deemed eligible. The methodological quality was assessed using ‘QualSyst’. Of the twelve selected articles evaluating body mass and/or body composition, one was of strong quality and eleven were rated as moderate. Ten articles evaluated dietary intake; four were rated as strong and the remaining moderate in quality. Continuation of training during Ramadan did not change body mass from before to the first week (trivial effect size (ES) = −0.011, p = 0.899) or from before to the fourth week of Ramadan (trivial ES = 0.069, p = 0.277). Additionally, Ramadan observance did not change body fat content from before to the first week (trivial ES = −0.005, p = 0.947) and from before to the fourth week of Ramadan (trivial ES = -0.057, p = 0.947). Lean body mass remained unchanged from before to the fourth week of Ramadan (trivial ES = −0.025, p = 0.876). Dietary data showed the intake of energy (small ES = -0.272, p = 0.182), fat (trivial ES = 0.044, p = 0.842), protein (trivial ES = 0.069, p = 0.720), carbohydrate (trivial ES = 0.075, p = 0.606) and water (trivial ES = −0.115, p = 0.624) remained essentially unchanged during as compared to before Ramadan. Continued training of adolescent athletes at least three times/week during Ramadan observance has no effect on body mass, body composition or dietary intake.

scholarly journals Tolerability of statin-based management of patients with a history of statin-associated muscle symptoms: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e052341
Author(s):  
Fanny Villoz ◽  
Christina Lyko ◽  
Cinzia Del Giovane ◽  
Nicolas Rodondi ◽  
Manuel R Blum
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
History Of

IntroductionStatin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMSs) are a major clinical issue in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. Current guidelines advise various approaches mainly based on expert opinion. We will lead a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the tolerability and acceptability and effectiveness of statin-based therapy management of patients with a history of SAMS. We aim to provide evidence on the tolerability and different strategies of statin-based management of patients with a history of SAMS.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies with a control group. We will search in Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov and Proquest from inception until April 2021. Two independent reviewers will carry out the study selection based on eligibility criteria. We will extract data following a standard data collection form. The reviewers will use the Cochrane Collaboration’s tools and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to appraise the study risk of bias. Our primary outcome will be tolerability and our secondary outcomes will be acceptability and effectiveness. We will conduct a qualitative analysis of all included studies. In addition, if sufficient and homogeneous data are available, we will conduct quantitative analysis. We will synthesise dichotomous data using OR with 95% CI and continuous outcomes by using mean difference or standardised mean difference (with 95% CI). We will determine heterogeneity visually with forest plots and quantitatively with I2 and Q-test. We will summarise the confidence in the quantitative estimate by using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationAs a systematic review of literature without collection of new clinical data, there will be no requirement for ethical approval. We will disseminate findings through peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020202619.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Acupuncture for Treating Depression-Related Insomnia Compared with a Control Group: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Dong ◽  
Zeqin Chen ◽  
Xuan Yin ◽  
Danting Li ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Hamd Score

Objective.To evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture as monotherapy and as an alternative therapy in treating depression-related insomnia.Data Source.Seven databases were searched starting from 1946 to March 30, 2016.Study Eligibility Criteria.Randomized-controlled trials of adult subjects (18–75 y) who had depression-related insomnia and had received acupuncture.Results.18 randomized-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were introduced in this meta-analysis. The findings determined that the acupuncture treatment made significant improvements in PSQI score (MD = −2.37, 95% CI −3.52 to −1.21) compared with Western medicine. Acupuncture combined with Western medicine had a better effect on improving sleep quality (MD = −2.63, 95% CI −4.40 to −0.86) compared with the treatment of Western medicine alone. There was no statistical difference (MD = −2.76, 95% CI −7.65 to 2.12) between acupuncture treatment and Western medicine towards improving the HAMD score. Acupuncture combined with Western medicine (MD = −5.46, CI −8.55 to −2.38) had more effect on improving depression degree compared with the Western medicine alone.Conclusion. This systematic review indicates that acupuncture could be an alternative therapy to medication for treating depression-related insomnia.

scholarly journals Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine S. Jakubowski ◽  
Everson A. Nunes ◽  
Filipe J. Teixeira ◽  
Victoria Vescio ◽  
Robert W. Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Leucine Metabolite

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite that is purported to increase fat-free mass (FFM) gain and performance in response to resistance exercise training (RET). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of HMB supplementation in augmenting FFM and strength gains during RET in young adults. Outcomes investigated were: total body mass (TBM), FFM, fat mass (FM), total single repetition maximum (1RM), bench press (BP) 1RM, and lower body (LwB) 1RM. Databases consulted were: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Excerpta Medica database (Embase), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and SportDiscus. Fourteen studies fit the inclusion criteria; however, 11 were analyzed after data extraction and funnel plot analysis exclusion. A total of 302 participants (18–45 y) were included in body mass and composition analysis, and 248 were included in the strength analysis. A significant effect was found on TBM. However, there were no significant effects for FFM, FM, or strength outcomes. We conclude that HMB produces a small effect on TBM gain, but this effect does not translate into significantly greater increases in FFM, strength or decreases in FM during periods of RET. Our findings do not support the use of HMB aiming at improvement of body composition or strength with RET.

Betaine supplementation fails to improve body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Damoon Ashtary-Larky ◽  
Reza Bagheri ◽  
Grant M. Tinsley ◽  
Omid Asbaghi ◽  
Sara Salehpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Betaine Supplementation

Abstract Previous studies evaluating the effects of betaine supplementation on body composition offer contradictory findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of betaine supplementation on body composition indices (body mass [BM], body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [BFP], fat mass [FM], fat-free mass [FFM]), and dietary intakes. Studies examining the effects of betaine supplementation on body composition and dietary intakes published up to August 2021 were identified through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, SCOPUS, and Ovid databases. Betaine supplementation failed to significantly affect BM [(WMD: −0.40 kg, 95% CI: −1.46 to 0.64), p=0.447], BMI [(WMD: −0.05 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.36 to 0.25), p=0.719], BFP [(WMD: 0.26%, 95% CI: −0.82 to 1.36), p=0.663], FM [(WMD: −0.57 kg, 95% CI: −2.14 to 0.99), p=0.473], and FFM [(WMD: 0.61 kg, 95% CI: −1.27 to 2.49), p=0.527]. Subgroup analyses based on participant’s age (<40 and >40 years), sex, BMI, trial duration (<8 and ≥8 weeks), betaine supplementation dosage (<4 and ≥4 g), and health status (healthy or unhealthy) demonstrated similar results. Other than a potential negligible increase in protein intake (WMD: 3.56 g, 95% CI: 0.24 to 6.88, p=0.035), no changes in dietary intakes were observed following betaine supplementation compared to control. The present systematic review and meta-analysis does not show any beneficial effects of betaine supplementation on body composition indices (BM, BMI, FM, and FFM).

Effects of Circuit Resistance Training on Body Composition, Strength, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo ◽  
Luis Andreu-Caravaca ◽  
María Carrasco-Poyatos ◽  
Pedro J. Benito ◽  
Jacobo Ángel Rubio-Arias
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Circuit Resistance Training ◽  
Circuit Resistance

A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of circuit resistance training (CRT) on cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and body composition in middle-aged and older women. Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The CRT interventions led to a significant decrease in weight, body mass index, and fat mass along with an increase in muscle mass. Significant differences were found in the fat mass and a trend to develop muscle mass when compared with the control group. CRT led to a significant increase in VO2max, walking endurance, and time to exhaustion; likewise, significant differences were observed when compared with the control group. CRT had a moderate and large favorable effect on arm, trunk, and lower limb strength. Furthermore, the increases in strength observed in the CRT were significantly greater than the changes observed in the control group. In middle-aged and older women, CRT improved cardiorespiratory fitness and strength and optimized body composition.

scholarly journals Does periodontitis represent a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1759720X1985851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Railson de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Raíra de Brito Silva ◽  
Marcela Baraúna Magno ◽  
Anna Paula Costa Ponte Sousa Carvalho Almeida ◽  
Nathália Carolina Fernandes Fagundes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of dental supporting tissues (gingiva, periodontal ligament, and bone) and it has been suggested as a possible etiology for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this systematic review, we aim to verify if periodontitis represents a risk factor for RA. Electronic databases were consulted until March 2018 considering eligibility criteria focusing on: (P, participants) adults; (E, exposure) with periodontitis; (C, comparison) without periodontitis; and (O, outcome) development of RA. Quality assessment of studies and risk-of-bias evaluation were also performed. To undertake a quantitative analysis, the number of persons with RA and a total number of participants for the case group (with periodontitis) and control group (without periodontitis) were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 3888 articles were identified, and nine studies were considered eligible. Seven of 9 articles suggested an association among diseases by the common pro-inflammatory profiles. The pooled analysis of 3 articles showed a higher RA prevalence for persons with periodontitis ( n = 1177) than controls ( n = 254) (OR 1.97; CI 1.68–2.31; p < 0.00001). However, considerable heterogeneity among studies was verified (I2 = 96%, p < 0.00001). Periodontitis may represent a risk factor for RA by heredity, bacterial infection, and the pro-inflammatory profile shared between both diseases. Although most of the elective studies report an association between periodontitis and RA, the quantitative analysis showed a high heterogeneity, leading to the need for further studies.

scholarly journals Concurrent aerobic plus resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise alone to improve health outcomes in paediatric obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo ◽  
Mark D Peterson ◽  
Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Paediatric Obesity ◽  
Concurrent Exercise

ObjectiveTo determine if the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise is superior to aerobic exercise alone for the health of obese children and adolescents.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesComputerised search of 3 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry).Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies that compared the effect of supervised concurrent exercise versus aerobic exercise interventions, with anthropometric and metabolic outcomes in paediatric obesity (6–18 years old). The mean differences (MD) of the parameters from preintervention to postintervention between groups were pooled using a random-effects model.Results12 trials with 555 youths were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with aerobic exercise alone, concurrent exercise resulted in greater reductions in body mass (MD=−2.28 kg), fat mass (MD=−3.49%; and MD=−4.34 kg) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD=−10.20 mg/dL); as well as greater increases in lean body mass (MD=2.20 kg) and adiponectin level (MD=2.59 μg/mL). Differences were larger for longer term programmes (>24 weeks).SummaryConcurrent aerobic plus resistance exercise improves body composition, metabolic profiles, and inflammatory state in the obese paediatric population.Trial registration numberCRD42016039807.

The Effect of Lifestyle Intervention on Body Composition, Glycemic Control, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Haqq ◽  
James McFarlane ◽  
Gudrun Dieberg ◽  
Neil Smart
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Introduction:Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects 18–22% women of reproductive age. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify expected benefits of lifestyle (exercise and dietary) interventions on various clinical outcomes in PCOS.Methods:Potential studies were identified by conducting systematic search of PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane controlled trials registry (1966 to April 2013) using key concepts of PCOS, exercise, dietary and lifestyle interventions.Results:Significant improvements were seen in women who received lifestyle intervention vs. usual care, in body composition parameters of body mass index, mean difference (MD) = −0.12 kg.m−2 (95% CI [−0.22, −0.03], p = .009), body mass MD = −3.42 kg (95% CI [−4.86, −1.99], p < .00001), waist circumference MD = −1.64 cm (95% CI [−2.09, −1.19], p < .00001), waist−hip ratio MD = −0.03 (95% CI [−0.05, −0.01], p = .0002), and body fat % MD = −1.71% (95% CI [−3.10, −0.32], p = .02). Insulin did not improve, MD = −1.21 pmol/L (95% CI [−3.06, −0.63], p = .20). Lipid profile did not improve, total cholesterol MD = −0.02 mmol/L (95% CI [−0.25, 0.21], p = .89). C-reactive protein was significantly lower, MD = −0.47 mmol/L (95% CI [−0.80, −0.15], p = .004). Significant improvements were also observed in cardiorespiratory fitness with exercise alone reducing resting heart rate, MD = −1.89 beats.min−1 (95% CI [−2.90, −0.88], p = .0002), and peak VO2, MD = 4.86 ml.kg−1.min−1 (95% CI [2.83, 6.88], p < .00001). Lifestyle therapy also improved, peak VO2 MD = 5.09 ml.kg−1.min−1 (95% CI [3.13, 7.05], p < .00001).Conclusions:Our analyses suggest lifestyle intervention is optimal for improving body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in women with PCOS.

scholarly journals Comparison of Muscle Strength, Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition between Healthy Adolescents and Those Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5675
Author(s):  
Rafaela Catherine da Silva Cunha de Medeiros ◽  
Isis Kelly dos Santos ◽  
Anna Luiza Vasconcelos de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Jean Damasceno de Goes ◽  
Jason Azevedo de Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: The adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy associated with complications generated by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promote impairments in physical fitness in adolescents. Objective: To analyze the aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and body composition of adolescents living with HIV compared with a healthy population of the same age. Methods: Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus databases until September 2019 and updated in April 2020. Eligibility Criteria: adolescents of both sexes in the age group from 10 to 19 years; living with HIV; cross-sectional, case–control, cohort studies; comparing with a healthy population. Mean differences and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using RevMan (software for systematic reviews). Results: Five articles were included, involving 197 adolescents living with HIV (16 to 18 years) and 185 without infection (13 to 18 years), with the sample in each study ranging from 15 to 65 adolescents. Aerobic capacity and muscle strength were reduced in adolescents with HIV, and body mass index was also significantly lower in this group. Conclusion: Adolescents living with HIV have impaired cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and body composition when compared to their uninfected peers. However, this systematic review provides limited evidence on the differences between the physical fitness outcomes of adolescents living with HIV compared to healthy adolescents.

scholarly journals Associations of childhood exposure to malaria with cognition and behaviour outcomes: a systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW SENTOOGO SSEMATA ◽  
JACQUELLINE ANN NAKITENDE ◽  
SIMON KIZITO ◽  
ELIZABETH C WHIPPLE ◽  
PAUL BANGIRANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Malaria is one of the major contributing risk factors for poor development of children living in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). However, little is known about the specific domains of cognition and behaviour that are impacted by malaria, the extent of these deficits, and the different types of the malaria spectrum that are associated with these deficits. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the association of the different type of malaria infection on cognition and behavioural outcomes among children living in LMICs. Methods and analysis: We will systematically search online bibliographic databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO), PsycINFO (via EBSCO), Embase and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) as well as Google Scholar and bibliographies of pertinent articles. We will include studies with a comparison group (e.g., clinical trials, cohort, observational, cross-sectional case–control and controlled before and after or interrupted–time–series studies) involving children under 18 years of age living in LMICs, as determined by World Bank Criteria, with either an active malaria infection or history of malaria. Included articles must also measure cognitive and/or behaviour outcomes determined by standardized psychological assessments (questionnaire-based scales and or neurocognitive assessments). Studies will be excluded if they are not in English, lack a control group, take place in a high-income country, or if a standardized instrument was not used. Two reviewers will independently review all articles to determine if they meet eligibility criteria. Any conflicts will be resolved after discussion with a third reviewer. When a list of included articles is finalized, two reviewers will extract data to populate and then cross check within an electronic table. Risk of bias and the strength of evidence and recommendations will be assessed independently using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria, and a final score will be given upon consensus. For sufficiently homogeneous data on measured outcomes in multiple studies, we will investigate the possibility of pooling data to perform a meta-analysis. Discussion: This systematic review will evaluate the evidence of the association of malaria on the cognitive and behavioural outcomes. Findings from this planned review will generate insight on the domains affected by the different forms malaria infection and may inform subsequent malaria interventions and future research in paediatric care.Systematic review registration: This systematic review has been registered under the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42020154777)

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