scholarly journals Determination and Characterization of Women, Infants, and Young Children's Dietary Diversity in Agricultural Mitigation Period of Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ousmane Ouedraogo ◽  
Ella WR Compaore ◽  
Sabiba KE Amouzou ◽  
Augustin N Zeba ◽  
Mamoudou H Dicko
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Backgroun: The increasing variety of foods and food groups in the diet helps to ensure adequate intake of essential nutrients and promotes good health. The main objective was to determine the diet quality of women, infants, and young children in agricultural mitigation period of Burkina Faso. Methods: A 24-h dietary open recall was used to collect all foods taken by women, infants, and young children in Centre-West region of Burkina Faso. The dietary diversity (DD) score was equal to the number of consumed food groups for infants (6-23 months) according to WHO recommendations and for women and young children (24-59 months) according to food and agriculture organization (FAO). Three DD classes were determined for the individual average DD. For each DD class, food consumption profile was determined by food items or groups consumed by at least 50 percent of women, infants, and young children according to FAO guide. Results: The study was conducted among 971 women, 419 infants, and 189 young children. Regarding the dietary diversity score (DDS), 16.3, 39.2, and 44.5 percent of women and 12.7, 49.7, and 37.6 percent of young children had low (< 5), average (= 5), and high (> 5) rates, respectively. Furthermore, DDS was low (< 4), average (= 4) and high (> 4) in 22.9, 12.6, and 64.4 of infants, respectively. The consumption rates of roots/tubers, dairy products, eggs, and fruits were very low regardless of the women, infants, and young children DDS in times of agricultural mitigation. Conclusion: The diet of women and young children was a little more diversified compared to infants.   

scholarly journals Individual dietary diversity is strongly associated with stunting in infants and young children

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bunga Astria Paramashanti ◽  
Yhona Paratmanitya ◽  
Marsiswati Marsiswati
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Background: The increased nutrient fulfillment is required for optimal growth and development during the first two years of life. Based on WHO, dietary diversity is one of core indicators for assessing diet quality and adequacy.Objective: This study aimed to understand the association between individual dietary diversity and stunting in infants and young children in Sedayu Subdistrict, Bantul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Method: This study used cross-sectional design. It was conducted from February to March 2016 in Sedayu Subdistrict. Subjects were 189 infants and young children aged 6-23 months selected by probability proportional to size sampling technique. Individual dietary diversity was assessed by minimum dietary diversity with the consumption of 4 or more food groups of the total 7 food goups. Data were analyzed by using statistics descriptive, Chi-Square test, and multiple logistic regression.Results: Poor dietary diversity (OR=16,76; 95%CI: 6,77-41,51) was significantly related with stunting. Other factor associated with stunting was low birth weight (OR=5,12; 95%CI: 2,11-12,43). In addition, appropiate time of introducing complementary food (OR=0,32; 95%CI: 0,13-0,75) was a protective factor against stunting. Household economic status acted as an effect modifier and confounding factor between dietary diversity and stunting.Conclusion: Consumption of diverse diet at least 4 food groups reduced the risk of stunting in infants and young children. Efforts should be made to improve dietary diversity in complementary feeding practice.

scholarly journals Optimal Household Water Access Fosters the Attainment of Minimum Dietary Diversity among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Malawi

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Zizwani Brian Chilinda ◽  
Mark L. Wahlqvist ◽  
Meei-Shyuan Lee ◽  
Yi-Chen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

Along with sanitation and hygiene, water is a well-known driver of child undernutrition. However, a more direct role of household (HH) water access in shaping dietary diversity remains unexplored. We assessed the association between HH water access and achievement of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) among young children. We utilized nationally-representative cross-sectional data from the 2015/16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey, which included 4727 mother–child dyads, respectively, (26.8 ± 6.8 years, range 15–49 years) and (13.9 ± 4.9 months, range 6–23 months). HH water access was categorized as (1) basic or no access, (2) intermediate, or (3) optimal. MDD was defined as feeding a child, during the previous day, at least four of the food groups defined by the World Health Organization. Only 27.7% of the children achieved MDD standards; most of the children who achieved MDD were from HHs with optimal water access (58.4%, p < 0.001). However, only 5.9% of the mother–child dyads were from HHs with optimal water access. After adjusting for covariates, children from HHs with optimal water access had higher odds of achieving MDD than those from HHs with basic or no water access (aOR = 1.74, CI = 1.24–2.46). Our results highlight the need to incorporate water-based strategies into national nutritional policies to increase dietary diversity among Malawian infants and young children.

scholarly journals Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children—An Update and Novel Insights

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Kathrin Cohen Kadosh ◽  
Leilani Muhardi ◽  
Panam Parikh ◽  
Melissa Basso ◽  
Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Neurocognitive Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Proper nutrition is crucial for normal brain and neurocognitive development. Failure to optimize neurodevelopment early in life can have profound long-term implications for both mental health and quality of life. Although the first 1000 days of life represent the most critical period of neurodevelopment, the central and peripheral nervous systems continue to develop and change throughout life. All this time, development and functioning depend on many factors, including adequate nutrition. In this review, we outline the role of nutrients in cognitive, emotional, and neural development in infants and young children with special attention to the emerging roles of polar lipids and high quality (available) protein. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic nature of the gut-brain axis and the importance of microbial diversity in relation to a variety of outcomes, including brain maturation/function and behavior are discussed. Finally, the promising therapeutic potential of psychobiotics to modify gut microbial ecology in order to improve mental well-being is presented. Here, we show that the individual contribution of nutrients, their interaction with other micro- and macronutrients and the way in which they are organized in the food matrix are of crucial importance for normal neurocognitive development.

Do Dietary Diversity Indices Reflect the Nutritional Status of School Aged Children?

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Nithya ◽  
R. V. Bhavani
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Mean

Dietary Diversity, with foods from all food groups is necessary to meet the requirements for essential nutrients which lead to good health. This study examines whether different dietary diversity indices have relationship with the nutritional status of school children aged 6 to 12 years, in two different regions of India: Wardha district, Maharashtra and Koraput district, Odisha. Dietary diversity was calculated using three methods: Individual food scores calculated using 24 hour diet recall (FS<sub>24hr</sub>) data; household dietary diversity using Berry's index (DDI) and food scores calculated using food frequency data (FS<sub>FFQ</sub>). Anthropometric indices were used to assess the nutritional status of school aged children. The Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) were calculated as indicators of nutrient adequacy. The relationship between NAR, MAR and three different diversity indices, dietary diversity and anthropometric indices were analyzed. Overall, 38% of 6 to 12 year school aged children were found to be undernourished. The NAR was &lt;70% for all nutrients except protein, energy, thiamine and niacin and MAR was found to be &lt;70% of requirement with mean of 60.5% in both locations. The dietary diversity was found to be relatively better in Wardha when compared with Koraput. The mean diversity indices in both the locations were FS<sub>24hr</sub> 7.56, DDI 89 and FS<sub>FFQ</sub> 62.9. Overall most of the nutrient adequacy and mean adequacy were correlated with all three dietary diversity indices when both locations were studied together. However all three dietary diversity indices failed to show any relationship with nutritional status of school children aged 6-12 years from both locations taken together.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity of an Adult Solomon Islands Population

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Horsey ◽  
Libby Swanepoel ◽  
Steven Underhill ◽  
Judith Aliakbari ◽  
Sarah Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Town Center

Ongoing dietary transitions in the Solomon Islands has resulted in an over-reliance on commercially sourced foods, leading to food insecurity, and a subsequent rise in multiple forms of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to investigate the individual dietary diversity and food preferences of the adult population living in Auki, Solomon Islands. A cross-sectional study involving 133 adults was undertaken in the Auki district via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Individual dietary diversity scores (DDS) were determined based on the results of a 24-h recall method. Overall mean DDS was 7.27 (range 2–12). Females and participants who lived outside the Auki town center had significantly higher dietary diversity scores. Low consumption of a variety of nutritious foods within food groups and high consumption of energy dense processed foods, indicates that diet quality is likely limited in some of this population. Participants desire for a diverse diet including local foods suggests that current dietary diversity status in this population may be influenced by food security rather than food preference.

scholarly journals At what age should infants and young children wear a face mask to protect against COVID-19?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Horne ◽  
Sally Baddock ◽  
Prem Fort ◽  
Peter Blair
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Physiological Evidence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Face masks are strongly recommended as a tool in the fight against COVID-19 and in adults there is very strong evidence that wearing a face mask is protective to the individual and also aids in decreasing the spread of the virus. There is less evidence for the protective effect of wearing face masks in children and the age at which children are recommended to wear masks differs widely between organisations and countries. This review summarises the current evidence of the benefits and disadvantages of children wearing a face mask, the physiological evidence of face covering in young children and the differences in recommendations between organisations and where there might be consensus.

scholarly journals Seasonal variability of women’s dietary diversity and food provisioning: a cohort study in rural Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
A. Lourme-Ruiz ◽  
C.K. Koffi ◽  
D. Gautier ◽  
D. Bahya-Batinda ◽  
E. Bouquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Edible Species ◽  
Wild Resources

Abstract Objective: To investigate the seasonal variations of women’s dietary diversity (WDD) (items consumed and food supply) and its linkages with agriculture, market and wild resources. Design: A cohort of 300 women was followed-up over a year to investigate WDD and food sources (production, purchase or foraging). Monthly qualitative 24h-recalls allowed computing WDD Scores from a standard 10-food groups (FG) classification (WDDS-10). Associations between farm/women’s characteristics and WDDS-10 were investigated using multivariate mixed models including interaction terms factor*months. Setting: Tuy province, Burkina Faso Participants: 300 women of reproductive age Results: Both dietary diversity and food sources were seasonal. The mean WDDS-10 was relatively stable from August to January (ranging from 3.1 to 3.5 FG) when farm production predominated. The WDDS-10 gradually increased from February, concomitantly with an increase in food purchases (onions, tomatoes, mangoes), and reached its highest levels (>4 FG) from March to June, when food purchases were still relatively high and when more women consumed foraged fruits (shea plums, wild grapes). Women living on farms owning >3 plough oxen and different animal species had significantly higher WDDS-10 than others (+0.28 and +0.35 FG, respectively). Women who practiced off-farm activities also had higher WDDS-10 than those who did not (+0.21 FG, p<0.05). Other factors, e.g. the number of foraged edible species, provided advantages in terms of dietary diversity only during certain seasons (October-January, P for interaction<0.01). Conclusions: Diversifying women’s diets throughout the year requires complementary interventions aimed at diversifying production, promoting foraging and increasing income-generating activities to enable food purchasing.

scholarly journals Effect of Nutrition Education on Knowledge, Complementary Feeding, and Hygiene Practices of Mothers With Moderate Acutely Malnourished Children in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Kajjura ◽  
Frederick J. Veldman ◽  
Susanna M. Kassier
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Moderate Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Background: Inappropriate infant and young child complementary feeding practices related to a lack of maternal knowledge contributes to an increased risk of malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality. There is a lack of data regarding the effect of nutrition education on maternal knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices as part of a supplementary feeding intervention targeting infants and young children with moderate acute malnutrition in low-income countries like Uganda. Objective: To determine whether nutrition education improves knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices of mothers with infants and young children diagnosed with moderate acute malnutrition. Methods: A cross-sequential study using a pretest–posttest design included 204 mother–infant pairs conveniently sampled across 24 randomly selected clusters. Weekly nutrition education sessions were embedded in a supplementary porridge intervention for 3 months. Mean scores and proportions for knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices were determined at baseline and end line. The difference between mean scores at the 2 time points were calculated with the paired t test analysis, while the proportions between baseline and end line were calculated using a z test analysis. Results: Mean scores for knowledge, dietary diversity, and meal frequency were higher at end line compared to baseline ( P < .001). Handwashing did not improve significantly ( P = .183), while boiling water to enhance water quality improved ( P < .001). Conclusion: Nutrition education in conjunction with a supplementary feeding intervention targeting infants and young children with moderate acute malnutrition improved meal frequency, dietary diversity and water quality.

An Overview of Inflicted Head Injury in Infants and Young Children, With a Review of β-Amyloid Precursor Protein Immunohistochemistry

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dolinak ◽  
Ross Reichard
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Amyloid Precursor Protein ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Precursor Protein ◽  
Inflicted Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Abstract Context.—Inflicted traumatic brain injury of infants and young children results in a complex array of autopsy findings. In many cases, immunostains for β-amyloid precursor protein are used to detect axonal injury. Interpretation of the gross, microscopic, and immunostaining results requires the integration of the many facets of the individual case. Objective.—In this article we review the gross and microscopic findings associated with inflicted traumatic brain injury. The application and interpretation of β-amyloid precursor protein immunostains are discussed and photomicrographs are used to illustrate immunostaining patterns. Data Sources.—The pertinent literature is integrated into a review of the subject. Conclusions.—Inflicted traumatic brain injury often results in subdural, subarachnoid, retinal, and optic nerve sheath hemorrhage. These findings must be interpreted within the entire context of the case. β-Amyloid precursor protein immunostains may be helpful in illustrating the traumatic nature of the injuries in some cases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document