scholarly journals Advances and Future Directions in the Clinical Utility of Food Addiction

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Cassin ◽  
Sanjeev Sockalingam
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Directions

The body of research examining the validity of food addiction and eating addiction far exceeds the research examining their clinical utility [...]

scholarly journals The Clinical Utility of Food Addiction: Characteristics and Psychosocial Impairments in a Treatment-Seeking Sample

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3388
Author(s):  
Edgar Oliveira ◽  
Hyoun S. Kim ◽  
Emilie Lacroix ◽  
Mária de Fátima Vasques ◽  
Cristiane Ruiz Durante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

Little is known about the characteristics of individuals seeking treatment for food addiction (FA), and the clinical utility of FA has yet to be established. To address these gaps, we examined (i) the demographic, eating pathology, and psychiatric conditions associated with FA and (ii) whether FA is associated with psychosocial impairments when accounting for eating-related and other psychopathology. Forty-six patients seeking treatment for FA completed self-report questionnaires and semi-structured clinical interviews. The majority of the sample were women and self-identified as White, with a mean age of 43 years. Most participants (83.3%) presented with a comorbid psychiatric condition, most commonly anxiety and mood disorders, with a mean of 2.31 comorbid conditions. FA was associated with binge eating severity and anxiety symptoms, as well as psychological, physical, and social impairment. In regression analyses controlling for binge eating severity, food cravings, depression, and anxiety, FA remained a significant predictor only of social impairment. Taken together, the results suggest that individuals seeking treatment for FA are likely to present with significant comorbid conditions, in particular anxiety disorders. The results of the present research provide evidence for the clinical utility of FA, particularly in explaining social impairment.

scholarly journals Publication of Tumor Marker Research Results: The Necessity for Complete and Transparent Reporting

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (34) ◽  
pp. 4223-4232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. McShane ◽  
Daniel F. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness Research ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Selective Reporting ◽  
Effectiveness Research ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Transparent Reporting

Clinical management decisions for patients with cancer are increasingly being guided by prognostic and predictive markers. Use of these markers should be based on a sufficiently comprehensive body of unbiased evidence to establish that benefits to patients outweigh harms and to justify expenditure of health care dollars. Careful assessments of the clinical utility of markers by using comparative effectiveness research methods are urgently needed to more rigorously summarize and evaluate the evidence, but multiple factors have made such assessments difficult. The literature on tumor markers is plagued by nonpublication bias, selective reporting, and incomplete reporting. Several measures to address these problems are discussed, including development of a tumor marker study registry, greater attention to assay analytic performance and specimen quality, use of more rigorous study designs and analysis plans to establish clinical utility, and adherence to higher standards for reporting tumor marker studies. More complete and transparent reporting by adhering to criteria such as BRISQ [Biospecimen Reporting for Improved Study Quality] criteria for reporting details about specimens and REMARK [Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies] criteria for reporting a multitude of aspects relating to study design, analysis, and results, is essential for reliable assessment of study quality, detection of potential biases, and proper interpretation of study findings. Adopting these measures will improve the quality of the body of evidence available for comparative effectiveness research and enhance the ability to establish the clinical utility of prognostic and predictive tumor markers.

Fysiologische stressmetingen in de werksituatie: nut, beperkingen en bevindingen

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz van Doornen ◽  
Jan Houtveen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Workplace Interventions

Physiological stress measures at work: relevance, limitations, and findings Physiological stress measures at work: relevance, limitations, and findings L. van Doornen & J. Houtveen, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 22, September 2009, nr. 3, pp. 275-293 Physiological stress measures should only to a limited extent be considered as 'objective' indices of subjectively experienced work stress. Their contribution should mainly be sought in the quantification of the load on the body exerted by stress, the latter being the mediator of the health effects of work stress. For the most widely used physiological parameters in the field of work stress – blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac autonomic indices, adrenalin and cortisol – their physiology is described, their measurement techniques outlined, and an overall picture furnished with respect to differences observed between high- and low-work stress populations. Finally some suggestions are given with respect to future directions this field may take: focus on individual differences in physiological stress-sensitivity; quantification of recovery, and quantification of the effects of individual or workplace interventions.

Pulmonary oxygen toxicity in mice is characterized by alterations in ascorbate redox status

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1769-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Rusakow ◽  
J. Han ◽  
M. A. Hayward ◽  
O. W. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Plasma Ascorbate ◽  
Hyperoxic Exposure ◽  
Reduced Forms

Pulmonary oxygen toxicity results from disruption of the usual antioxidant defenses of the body. We therefore investigated whether mice that suffer from oxygen toxicity show significant alterations in the redox status of ascorbate, an important antioxidant, as reflected by changes in the relative amounts of its oxidized and reduced forms. Mice were exposed to air or hyperoxia (> 97% O2, 760 mmHg). After 5 days, plasma and saline-perfused lungs were removed and levels of ascorbate (AA), oxidized ascorbate [dehydroascorbate (DHAA)], and total ascorbate species ([AA+DHAA]) were determined by a sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography assay; lungs were also assayed for total glutathione and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), an established marker of oxidative stress. We found that with hyperoxic exposure plasma AA increased by 32%, plasma DHAA increased substantially from previously undetectable levels, and the DHAA-to-[AA+DHAA] ratio increased. In contrast, in lung, [AA+DHAA] decreased by 41%. Plasma AA, DHAA, and [AA+DHAA] each correlated inversely with lung [AA+DHAA] and directly with lung GSSC. We conclude that alterations in plasma ascorbate redox status reflect pulmonary oxygen toxicity in mice. Our results suggest that further investigations are warranted to determine whether similar findings occur in humans and have clinical utility.

scholarly journals Machine learning for digital try-on: Challenges and progress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junbang Liang ◽  
Ming C. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Practical Constraints

Abstract Digital try-on systems for e-commerce have the potential to change people's lives and provide notable economic benefits. However, their development is limited by practical constraints, such as accurate sizing of the body and realism of demonstrations. We enumerate three open challenges remaining for a complete and easy-to-use try-on system that recent advances in machine learning make increasingly tractable. For each, we describe the problem, introduce state-of-the-art approaches, and provide future directions.

scholarly journals Pluripotent Stem Cells: Current Understanding and Future Directions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Romito ◽  
Gilda Cobellis
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Pluripotent Cell ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Early Mouse ◽  
Distinct Features

Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to undergo self-renewal and to give rise to all cells of the tissues of the body. However, this definition has been recently complicated by the existence of distinct cellular states that display these features. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the family of pluripotent cell lines derived from early mouse and human embryos and compare them with induced pluripotent stem cells. Shared and distinct features of these cells are reported as additional hallmark of pluripotency, offering a comprehensive scenario of pluripotent stem cells.

scholarly journals Karate, capoeira and MMA: a phenomenological approach to the process of starting a fight

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thabata Castelo Branco Telles ◽  
Anu Maarit Vaittinen ◽  
Cristiano Roque Antunes Barreira
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Phenomenological Studies ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
The World ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective

<p>In sports studies, the body of research focussing on combat sports has developed, but so far few studies regarding the experience of starting a fight. In order to comprehend the process of starting a fight, this study aims to investigate and describe it through both a comparative and phenomenological approach of Brazilian karate, capoeira and mixed martial arts (MMA) practitioners (<em>n </em>= 11, 7, 11, respectively). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and in the analysis we used a phenomenological perspective. Most of the karatekas described the distance adjustment and bowing to their opponent as the beginning of the combat. Capoeiristas highlighted the sound of music and the <em>roda</em>, referring to the way they organize themselves to start fighting. MMA athletes commonly described the beginning of the fight as when they start the <em>camp</em>, from the weigh-in or the octagon entrance. Using the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, the process of beginning a fight can be understood as a relationship between a bodily consciousness and the world. The findings in this paper concur with the phenomenological understanding, according to which actions are not seen as randomly executed: instead they are pre-reflexively and corporeally understood, as well as situated within a specific context; this is illustrated in the manner a fight within each modality seems to begin somewhat differently, according to the specific modality in question. These results help us comprehend the beginning of the fight in which body and world are constantly intertwined. Future directions include comprehension of the fighting experience as a whole, understanding the perception and movement of these fighters through the entire combat, and enhancing phenomenological studies regarding bodily experiences.</p>

scholarly journals Historical perspectives, challenges, and future directions of implantable brain-computer interfaces for sensorimotor applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Chandrasekaran ◽  
Matthew Fifer ◽  
Stephan Bickel ◽  
Luke Osborn ◽  
Jose Herrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAlmost 100 years ago experiments involving electrically stimulating and recording from the brain and the body launched new discoveries and debates on how electricity, movement, and thoughts are related. Decades later the development of brain-computer interface technology began, which now targets a wide range of applications. Potential uses include augmentative communication for locked-in patients and restoring sensorimotor function in those who are battling disease or have suffered traumatic injury. Technical and surgical challenges still surround the development of brain-computer technology, however, before it can be widely deployed. In this review we explore these challenges, historical perspectives, and the remarkable achievements of clinical study participants who have bravely forged new paths for future beneficiaries.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulations of Flow around Copepods: Challenges and Future Directions

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Iman Borazjani
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Different Parts

Copepods are small aquatic creatures which are abundant in oceans as a major food source for fish, thereby playing a vital role in marine ecology. Because of their role in the food chain, copepods have been subject to intense research through different perspectives from anatomy, form-function biology, to ecology. Numerical simulations can uniquely support such investigations by quantifying: (i) the force and flow generated by different parts of the body, thereby clarify the form-function relation of each part; (ii) the relation between the small-scale flow around animal and the large-scale (e.g., oceanic) flow of its surroundings; and (iii) the flow and its energetics, thereby answering ecological questions, particularly, the three major survival tasks, i.e., feeding, predator avoidance, and mate-finding. Nevertheless, such numerical simulations need to overcome challenges involving complex anatomic shape of copepods, multiple moving appendages, resolving different scales (appendage-, animal- to large-scale). The numerical methods capable of handling such problems and some recent simulations are reviewed. At the end, future developments necessary to simulate copepods from animal- to surrounding-scale are discussed.

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