Reaching the Body: Future Directions

Physiological stress measures at work: relevance, limitations, and findings Physiological stress measures at work: relevance, limitations, and findings L. van Doornen & J. Houtveen, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 22, September 2009, nr. 3, pp. 275-293 Physiological stress measures should only to a limited extent be considered as 'objective' indices of subjectively experienced work stress. Their contribution should mainly be sought in the quantification of the load on the body exerted by stress, the latter being the mediator of the health effects of work stress. For the most widely used physiological parameters in the field of work stress – blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac autonomic indices, adrenalin and cortisol – their physiology is described, their measurement techniques outlined, and an overall picture furnished with respect to differences observed between high- and low-work stress populations. Finally some suggestions are given with respect to future directions this field may take: focus on individual differences in physiological stress-sensitivity; quantification of recovery, and quantification of the effects of individual or workplace interventions.

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Machine learning for digital try-on: Challenges and progress

Computational Visual Media ◽

10.1007/s41095-020-0189-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Junbang Liang ◽

Ming C. Lin

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

The Body ◽

Future Directions ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Practical Constraints

Abstract Digital try-on systems for e-commerce have the potential to change people's lives and provide notable economic benefits. However, their development is limited by practical constraints, such as accurate sizing of the body and realism of demonstrations. We enumerate three open challenges remaining for a complete and easy-to-use try-on system that recent advances in machine learning make increasingly tractable. For each, we describe the problem, introduce state-of-the-art approaches, and provide future directions.

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Pluripotent Stem Cells: Current Understanding and Future Directions

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2016/9451492 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Antonio Romito ◽

Gilda Cobellis

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

The Body ◽

Human Embryos ◽

Pluripotent Cell ◽

Future Directions ◽

The Family ◽

Induced Pluripotent ◽

Early Mouse ◽

Distinct Features

Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to undergo self-renewal and to give rise to all cells of the tissues of the body. However, this definition has been recently complicated by the existence of distinct cellular states that display these features. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the family of pluripotent cell lines derived from early mouse and human embryos and compare them with induced pluripotent stem cells. Shared and distinct features of these cells are reported as additional hallmark of pluripotency, offering a comprehensive scenario of pluripotent stem cells.

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Karate, capoeira and MMA: a phenomenological approach to the process of starting a fight

Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas ◽

10.18002/rama.v13i2.5119 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 114 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thabata Castelo Branco Telles ◽

Anu Maarit Vaittinen ◽

Cristiano Roque Antunes Barreira

Keyword(s):

Phenomenological Approach ◽

The Body ◽

Combat Sports ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Specific Context ◽

Future Directions ◽

Phenomenological Studies ◽

Bodily Experiences ◽

The World ◽

Phenomenological Perspective

In sports studies, the body of research focussing on combat sports has developed, but so far few studies regarding the experience of starting a fight. In order to comprehend the process of starting a fight, this study aims to investigate and describe it through both a comparative and phenomenological approach of Brazilian karate, capoeira and mixed martial arts (MMA) practitioners (n = 11, 7, 11, respectively). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and in the analysis we used a phenomenological perspective. Most of the karatekas described the distance adjustment and bowing to their opponent as the beginning of the combat. Capoeiristas highlighted the sound of music and the roda, referring to the way they organize themselves to start fighting. MMA athletes commonly described the beginning of the fight as when they start the camp, from the weigh-in or the octagon entrance. Using the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, the process of beginning a fight can be understood as a relationship between a bodily consciousness and the world. The findings in this paper concur with the phenomenological understanding, according to which actions are not seen as randomly executed: instead they are pre-reflexively and corporeally understood, as well as situated within a specific context; this is illustrated in the manner a fight within each modality seems to begin somewhat differently, according to the specific modality in question. These results help us comprehend the beginning of the fight in which body and world are constantly intertwined. Future directions include comprehension of the fighting experience as a whole, understanding the perception and movement of these fighters through the entire combat, and enhancing phenomenological studies regarding bodily experiences.

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Historical perspectives, challenges, and future directions of implantable brain-computer interfaces for sensorimotor applications

Bioelectronic Medicine ◽

10.1186/s42234-021-00076-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Santosh Chandrasekaran ◽

Matthew Fifer ◽

Stephan Bickel ◽

Luke Osborn ◽

Jose Herrero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computer Technology ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

The Body ◽

Computer Interface ◽

Future Directions ◽

Historical Perspectives ◽

Computer Interfaces ◽

Wide Range ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Brain

AbstractAlmost 100 years ago experiments involving electrically stimulating and recording from the brain and the body launched new discoveries and debates on how electricity, movement, and thoughts are related. Decades later the development of brain-computer interface technology began, which now targets a wide range of applications. Potential uses include augmentative communication for locked-in patients and restoring sensorimotor function in those who are battling disease or have suffered traumatic injury. Technical and surgical challenges still surround the development of brain-computer technology, however, before it can be widely deployed. In this review we explore these challenges, historical perspectives, and the remarkable achievements of clinical study participants who have bravely forged new paths for future beneficiaries.

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Numerical Simulations of Flow around Copepods: Challenges and Future Directions

Fluids ◽

10.3390/fluids5020052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Iman Borazjani

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulations ◽

Large Scale ◽

Vital Role ◽

The Body ◽

Marine Ecology ◽

Small Scale ◽

Mate Finding ◽

Future Directions ◽

Form Function ◽

Different Parts

Copepods are small aquatic creatures which are abundant in oceans as a major food source for fish, thereby playing a vital role in marine ecology. Because of their role in the food chain, copepods have been subject to intense research through different perspectives from anatomy, form-function biology, to ecology. Numerical simulations can uniquely support such investigations by quantifying: (i) the force and flow generated by different parts of the body, thereby clarify the form-function relation of each part; (ii) the relation between the small-scale flow around animal and the large-scale (e.g., oceanic) flow of its surroundings; and (iii) the flow and its energetics, thereby answering ecological questions, particularly, the three major survival tasks, i.e., feeding, predator avoidance, and mate-finding. Nevertheless, such numerical simulations need to overcome challenges involving complex anatomic shape of copepods, multiple moving appendages, resolving different scales (appendage-, animal- to large-scale). The numerical methods capable of handling such problems and some recent simulations are reviewed. At the end, future developments necessary to simulate copepods from animal- to surrounding-scale are discussed.

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Deep Learning Techniques for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405616666200213114026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Sehrish Qummar ◽

Fiaz Gul Khan ◽

Sajid Shah ◽

Ahmad Khan ◽

Ahmad Din ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Automatic Detection ◽

Multiclass Classification ◽

The Body ◽

Future Directions ◽

Learning Techniques

Diabetes occurs due to the excess of glucose in the blood that may affect many organs of the body. The increase in blood sugar in the body causes many problems. One of the most prominent of these problems is Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). DR occurs due to the mutilation of the blood vessels in a retina. The detection of DR is complicated and time-consuming due to its features for the ophthalmologists. Therefore, automatic detection is required, recently different machine and deep learning techniques are being applied to detect and classify DR. In this paper, we conducted a study of the various techniques available in the literature for the identification/classification of DR, the datasets used, strengths and weaknesses of each method and provides the future directions. Moreover, we also discussed the different steps for the detection that are segmentation of blood vessels in a retina, detecting lesions and other abnormalities of DR in binary and multiclass classification.

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Promoting Positive Body Image and Embodiment in Schools

Handbook of Positive Body Image and Embodiment ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190841874.003.0033 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 346-359

Author(s):

Zali Yager

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Media Literacy ◽

Program Effectiveness ◽

The Body ◽

Body Appreciation ◽

Future Directions ◽

Positive Body Image ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Program Content

Body image programming has been implemented in schools to varying degrees of success, but to date, no programs specific to positive body image have been developed and evaluated. This chapter reviews programs that have been effective in improving body image to determine whether the elements of positive body image and embodiment have been present in program content. Some elements of positive body image, such as media literacy and critiquing stereotypes, were present in all five programs conducted with children (<12 years), and all eight programs conducted with adolescents (13–18 years). Additionally, agency (through activism and voice) and broadly conceptualizing beauty were often present in children’s programs, and resisting objectification and agency were often present in adolescent programs. Only one program included the Body Appreciation Scale as a measure of program effectiveness. Potential future directions for programs are discussed, including the incorporation of positive movement, mindfulness, and self-compassion.

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Advances in Automotive Conversion Coatings during Pretreatment of the Body Structure: A Review

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings8110405 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 405 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mark Doerre ◽

Larry Hibbitts ◽

Gabriela Patrick ◽

Nelson Akafuah

Keyword(s):

Chemical Reactions ◽

Automobile Industry ◽

Material Selection ◽

The Body ◽

Vehicle Body ◽

Conversion Coatings ◽

Future Directions ◽

Automobile Body ◽

Body Design ◽

New Generation

Automotive conversion coatings consist of layers of materials that are chemically applied to the body structures of vehicles before painting to improve corrosion protection and paint adhesion. These coatings are a consequence of surface-based chemical reactions and are sandwiched between paint layers and the base metal; the chemical reactions involved distinctly classify conversion coatings from other coating technologies. Although the tri-cationic conversion coating bath chemistry that was developed around the end of the 20th century remains persistent, environmental, health, and cost issues favor a new generation of greener methods and materials such as zirconium. Environmental forces driving lightweight material selection during automobile body design are possibly more influential for transitioning to zirconium than the concerns regarding the body coating process. The chemistry involved in some conversion coatings processing has been known for over 100 years. However, recent advances in chemical processing, changes in the components used for vehicle body structures, environmental considerations and costs have prompted the automobile industry to embrace new conversion coatings technologies. These are discussed herein along with a historical perspective that has led to the use of current conversion coatings technologies. In addition, future directions for automobile body conversion coatings are discussed that may affect conversion coatings in the age of multi-material body structures.

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