scholarly journals Executive Functions and Body Weight at Different Ages: A Preliminary Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1174
Author(s):  
Francesca Favieri ◽  
Eunice Chen ◽  
Maria Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Over Time

Recently, researchers have focused their attention on the role of cognitive processes on eating habits and body weight changes. Few studies have examined the relationship between the first stages of overweight and executive functions (EFs), excluding obesity conditions. This study is aimed to detect the involvement of the EFs and their predictive role on body mass index (BMI) in a sample of healthy individuals from childhood to young adulthood with a cross-sectional design. One-hundred and sixty-six healthy students were recruited from different Italian public schools: 46 children (age range: 7–11), 50 adolescents (age range: 15–18), 70 young adults (age range: 19–30). BMI was used to evaluate body weight and different EFs tasks were used to assess the EFs domains of inhibition, updating and shifting. After adjusting BMI for age, a hierarchical multiple linear regression was carried out for each EFs task. Pearson’s r correlations were reported for each of the age subgroups. Motor disinhibition was associated with greater BMI in the overall sample. Higher BMI was related to poorer set-shifting in adolescence and poorer motor inhibition in young adulthood, but higher BMI was not associated with EFs in childhood. Differences in the development of EFs over time may influence weight changes over time through different responses to food and eating behavior.

scholarly journals Prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors among adolescents from public schools in Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2217-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gustavo Bergmann ◽  
Mauren Lúcia de Araújo Bergmann ◽  
Alexandre Carriconde Marques ◽  
Pedro Curi Hallal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors in adolescents, using a cross-sectional design with a sample of 1,455 adolescents (741 females). Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, perceptual, and behavioral variables. Physical activity was estimated with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and Adolescents. Prevalence of physical inactivity was 68% (95%CI: 65.6%-70.4%). The following variables remained associated with physical inactivity in the adjusted analysis (p < 0.05): living in an apartment, female gender, older adolescents, lower self-rated physical activity compared to peers, low perception of maternal physical activity, passive commuting to school, non-participation in physical education at school, non-enjoyment of physical education classes, and limited involvement in other types of physical exercise besides physical education at school. There were a high proportion of inactive adolescents. Strategies to prevent physical inactivity in adolescents should be elaborated with a central role for the school and family.

scholarly journals DAMPAK OVERCAPACITY TERHADAP TINGKAT STATUS GIZI NARAPIDANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Faiz Fakhri Isjwara
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
The Impact

The principle of the organization of prisons (Lembaga Pemasyarakatan/ LAPAS) must prioritize a humane approach so that prisoners and prisoners receive their rights. If the implementation is good, the objective of LAPAS is to carry out social reintegration, namely the restoration of the unity of life, life and livelihood of prisoners and correctional students both prisoners as individuals, social beings and God's creatures with society can be achieved. However, this organization faces obstacles, namely the problem of overcapacity. This can have implications for suboptimal and can even lead to failure to function as a correctional institution. The problem of over capacity will also have an impact on the health conditions of prisoners. Sleep conditions, eating patterns, health services that are less than the maximum due to over capacity will certainly have a negative impact on the nutritional status of prisoners. This study aims to determine the impact of Overcapacity Impacts on the Nutritional Status Level of Prisoners in Class II A Penitentiary, Sidoarjo. This type of research is a quantitative correlational analytic survey with a cross-sectional design. The number of samples was 91 inmates. The sampling technique is by random sampling. Data is collected by weighing body weight and height and comparing with ideal body weight. The results showed that the more overcapacity, the nutritional status of prisoners decreased. Room conditions can affect the provision of an unbalanced diet. Thus, that this causes the prisoners to experience malnutrition.

scholarly journals Comparison of Serum HIF-1α Levels in Swimming Athletes Before and After Hypoxic Non-Hypoxic Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Syahrastani Syahrastani ◽  
Argantos Argantos ◽  
Siska Alicia Farma
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Adaptation To Hypoxia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Hypoxic Exercise

The situation of lack of oxygen supply to cells and tissues is often not realized by many people (hypoxia). Hypoxia can occur in various situations in life. The main effect of hypoxia is the effect on the brain, so the body will do everything it can to restore the state of homeostasis. HIF-1α protein is a marker of hypoxic conditions. HIF-1α regulates the synthesis of many genes to maintain and restore body homeostasis from hypoxia to normoxia. This study was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. The sample of this study were six swimming athletes with a 12-19 year age range who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The HIF-1α protein is measured by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed statistically. The results showed higher levels of HIF-1α after anaerobic exercise than the levels of HIF-1α before and after aerobic exercise. This is greatly influenced by the intensity of the exercise carried out. This proves that cellular adaptation to hypoxia is more stable in aerobic exercise, where the body's metabolism during aerobic exercise is more stable  

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and Body Weight Perception among a Population of Female Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Siham Lghoul ◽  
Mohamed Loukid ◽  
Mohamed Kamal Hilali
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Perception ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Weight Perception ◽  
Physical Changes

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is associated with many physical changes, it is described as a period when body weight changes and is likely to become worrying for many adolescents. AIM: This study aims to evaluate associations between body weight perception and body mass index (BMI) among a population of female adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted from February to May 2017 among 12–19 years olds adolescents (n = 415) from high and middle school. BMI for age percentiles was calculated using the WHO AnthroPlus. Body weight perception was determined using an anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of misconception of body weight was 60%. The prevalence of misconception was positively associated with the participants age (p < 0.001), the occurrence of menarche (p < 0.05), the increasing of BMI (p < 0.001), and with habits diet satisfaction (p < 0.05). Overweighed participants and who’s with normal weight were more likely to perceive their weight incorrectly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, approximately 2.9% of participants underestimated their true body weight and 57.1% overestimated their weight. However, all participants with underweight had correctly perceived their body weight. Logistic regression showed that predictor factors of misconception weight were participant’s age and BMI. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to improve healthy programs in schools aimed at preventing body weight perception and eating problems among adolescents.

scholarly journals An Epidemiological Study on Factors Influencing Gaming Disorder- an Online Cross- Sectional Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabbanie Tariq Wani ◽  
Imrose Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: Gaming disorders have increased over time due to easy availability of online gaming. The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing the gaming disorders. Methods: An online questionnaire was circulated on gaming platforms for the assessment as per IGD20 & DSM5 criteria. Results: A significant correlation was found between duration of play and gaming disorders (r= 0.131, p<0.05). The scores were concurrent as per IGD20 and DSM5 criteria. Conclusion: Undiagnosed gaming disorder among gamers needs to be addressed. Duration of playing of games also needs to be checked inorder to reduce the prevalence of gaming disorders.

Bidirectional Interference Between Speech and Nonspeech Tasks in Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1637-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallin J. Bailey ◽  
Christopher Dromey
Keyword(s):  
Divided Attention ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Semantic Decision ◽  
Motor Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Speech Motor

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine divided attention over a large age range by looking at the effects of 3 nonspeech tasks on concurrent speech motor performance. The nonspeech tasks were designed to facilitate measurement of bidirectional interference, allowing examination of their sensitivity to speech activity. A cross-sectional design was selected to explore possible changes in divided-attention effects associated with age. Method Sixty healthy participants were separated into 3 groups of 20: younger (20s), middle-aged (40s), and older (60s) adults. Each participant completed a speech task (sentence repetitions) once in isolation and once concurrently with each of 3 nonspeech tasks: a semantic-decision linguistic task, a quantitative-comparison cognitive task, and a manual motor task. The nonspeech tasks were also performed in isolation. Results Data from speech kinematics and nonspeech task performance indicated significant task-specific divided attention interference, with divided attention affecting speech and nonspeech measures in the linguistic and cognitive conditions and affecting speech measures in the manual motor condition. There was also a significant age effect for utterance duration. Conclusions The results increase what is known about bidirectional interference between speech and other concurrent tasks as well as age effects on speech motor control.

Serum levels of adrenal androgens up to adrenarche in Peruvian children living at sea level and at high altitude

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Goñez ◽  
A. Villena ◽  
G. F. Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Adrenal Androgens ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

ABSTRACT Serum levels of adrenal androgens were measured in children of both sexes living at sea level and at high altitude using a cross-sectional design. The levels were compared in relation to age at each altitude (150 m and 3400 m above sea level), and the first significant increase in mean levels compared with values at preceding ages was assessed and defined as adrenarche. A total of 118 boys and 95 girls aged 6–12 years living at low altitude and 95 boys and 104 girls aged 7–15 years living at high altitude, all of them attending public schools, were studied. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and androstenedione were measured by radioimmunoassay and height and weight by standard anthropometric techniques. There were two significant increases in serum levels of adrenal androgens, the first observed in children between 6 and 8 years at sea level, and between 7 and 9 years at high altitude, and the second in children between 10 and 12 years at sea level and between 12 and 15 years at high altitude. Serum adrenal androgen levels increased earlier in children at sea level than at high altitude. It is concluded that adrenarche occurs later at high altitude than at sea level. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 517–523

Personality and metabolic dysfunction in young adulthood: A cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina R Sutin ◽  
Yannick Stephan ◽  
Antonio Terracciano
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Age Range

This research used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( N = 15,359; age range 25–34) to examine the cross-sectional relation between personality and four components of metabolic syndrome (elevated glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol, and waist circumference) and a metabolic risk index in young adulthood. Consistent with research on older adults, higher Neuroticism and lower Conscientiousness were associated with greater risk of metabolic dysfunction; Agreeableness, however, was unrelated to it. The relation between personality and metabolic health may unfold across the lifespan, with the association between Neuroticism/Conscientiousness and metabolic dysfunction starting early and the association with Agreeableness emerging at older ages.

scholarly journals Executive functions and emotion regulation in substance use disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Bandeira Formiga ◽  
Melyssa Kellyane Cavalcanti Galdino ◽  
Selene Cordeiro Vasconcelos ◽  
Jayston W. J. Soares Neves ◽  
Murilo Duarte da Costa Lima
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Use Disorder ◽  
Multiple Substance ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

ABSTRACT Objective The executive functions (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) and their relationship with the substance use disorder (SUD) were analyzed. Methods A cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of 130 volunteers divided into three groups: group 01 (n = 60), composed of participants who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for any type of SUD; group 02 (n = 51), with users with alcohol and/or tobacco use disorder; group 03 (n = 19), with users with multiple substance use disorder, including at least one illicit substance. Results Group 02 presented worse performance in EF and ER when compared to group 01, and showed a significant correlation between the working memory and the use of maladaptive ER. Group 03 showed great losses in EF and ER when compared to the other groups. Conclusion This study supports the idea that EF, ER and SUD are related. In addition, it was observed that people with SUD had worse performance in EF and ER when compared to people without SUD, greater damage being observed in people with SUD of polysubstances.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document