scholarly journals The Effect of Religious Dietary Cultures on Food Nitrogen and Phosphorus Footprints: A Case Study of India

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1926
Author(s):  
Aurup Ratan Dhar ◽  
Azusa Oita ◽  
Kazuyo Matsubae
Keyword(s):  
National Average ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact

The excessive consumption of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), two vital nutrients for living organisms, is associated with negative environmental and health impacts. While food production contributes to a large amount of N and P loss to the environment, very little N and P is consumed as food. Food habits are affected by multiple regulations, including the dietary restrictions and dictates of various religions. In this study, religion-sensitive N-Calculator and P-Calculator approaches were used to determine the impact of religious dietary culture on the food N and P footprints of India in the major religious communities. Using 2013 data, the food N footprint of Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and Buddhists was 10.70, 11.45, 11.47, and 7.39 kg-N capita−1 year−1 (10.82 kg-N capita−1 year−1 was the national average), and the food P footprint was 1.46, 1.58, 1.04. 1.58 and 1.58 kg-P capita−1 year−1 (1.48 kg-P capita−1 year−1 was the national average). The findings highlight the impact of individual choice on the N and P food footprints, and the importance of encouraging the followers of religion to follow a diet consistent with the food culture of that religion. The results of this study are a clear indication of the requirement for religion-sensitive analyses in the collecting of data pertinent to a particular country for use in making government policies designed to improve the recycling of food waste and the treatment of wastewater.

scholarly journals Ground vibrations caused by wind power plant work as environmental pollution - case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Sylwester Borowski
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Ground Vibrations ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents issues related to the impact of wind farms on the environment. Emphasis was placed on vibrations that are transferred to the ground through the foundations. As research has shown - a case study - vibrations are felt up to about 1000 m from wind farms. According to other literature sources, this may affect living organisms in the ground.

scholarly journals Forms of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Suspended Solids: A Case Study of Lihu Lake, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialu Li ◽  
Qiting Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Impact

Suspended solids are an important part of lake ecosystems, and their nitrogen and phosphorus contents have a significant effect on water quality. However, information on nitrogen and phosphorus forms in suspended solids remains limited. Therefore, a case study was conducted in Lihu Lake (China), a lake with characteristically high amounts of suspended solids. Nitrogen and phosphorus speciation in suspended solids was analyzed through a sequential extraction method. We also evaluated the sources of various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus and their different effects on eutrophication. The total nitrogen (TN) content was 758.9–3098.1 mg/kg. Moreover, the proportions of various N forms in the suspended solids of the study areas were ranked as follows: Hydrolyzable nitrogen (HN) > residual nitrogen (RN) > exchangeable nitrogen (EN). Total phosphorus (TP) ranged from 294.8 to 1066.4 mg/kg, and 58.6% of this TP was inorganic phosphorus (IP). In turn, calcium (Ca)-bound inorganic phosphorus (Ca-Pi) was the main component of IP. The correlation between various nitrogen and phosphorus forms showed that there were different sources of suspended nitrogen and phosphorus throughout Lihu Lake. Correlation analysis of water quality indices and comparative analysis with surface sediments showed that in Lihu Lake, the dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus contents in water were influenced by sediment through diffusion, while particle phosphorus content in water was influenced by suspended solids through adsorption; however, due to the higher phosphorus contents in suspended solids, we should pay more attention to the impact of suspended solids.

Material flow analysis as a tool for sustainable sanitation planning in developing countries: case study of Arba Minch, Ethiopia

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1911-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Meinzinger ◽  
K. Kröger ◽  
R. Otterpohl
Keyword(s):  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Material Flow Analysis is a method that can be used to assess sanitation systems with regard to their environmental impacts. Modelling water and nutrients flows of the urban water, wastewater and waste system can highlight risks for environmental pollution and can help evaluating the potential for linking sanitation with resource recovery and agricultural production. This study presents the results of an analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus flows of Arba Minch town in South Ethiopia. The current situation is modelled and possible scenarios for upgrading the town's sanitation system are assessed. Two different scenarios for nutrient recovery are analysed. Scenario one includes co-composting municipal organic waste with faecal sludge from pit latrines and septic tanks as well as the use of compost in agriculture. The second scenario based on urine-diversion toilets includes application of urine as fertiliser and composting of faecal matter. In order to allow for variations in the rate of adoption, the model can simulate varying degrees of technology implementation. Thus, the impact of a step-wise or successive approach can be illustrated. The results show that significant amounts of plant nutrients can be provided by both options, co-composting and urine diversion.

Environmental impact analysis of chemicals and energy consumption in wastewater treatment plants: case study of Oslo, Norway

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Venkatesh ◽  
Helge Brattebø
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Environmental Impact Analysis ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Wastewater treatment plants, while performing the important function of treating wastewater to meet the prescribed discharge standards, consume energy and a variety of chemicals. This paper analyses the consumption of energy and chemicals by wastewater treatment plants in Oslo over eight years, and their potential environmental impacts. Global warming and acidification were the dominant impacts for chemicals and energy, respectively. Avoided impacts due to usable by-products – sludge, ammonium nitrate and biogas – play a key role in shrinking the environmental footprint of the wastewater plants. The scope for decreasing this footprint by streamlining energy and chemicals consumption is limited, however, considering that over 70% of the impact is accounted for by the eutrophication potential (thanks to the nitrogen and phosphorus which is discharged to the sink) of the treated effluent wastewater.

scholarly journals Religious Regimes: Rethinking the Societal Role of Religion in Post-War Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER VAN DAM ◽  
PAUL VAN TRIGT
Keyword(s):  
Religious Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Christian Nation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Societal Role

AbstractThis article discusses the concept of ‘religious regimes’ in order to identify institutionalised arrangements regulating the social position of religion. By analysing such regimes and the views underpinning them, three visions of the societal role of religion come into focus: segmented pluralism, the Christian nation and the secular nation. Taking up Dutch post-war history as a case study, it becomes clear that religious regimes regularly result from fragile compromises. The concept thus yields insight into the gradual transitions between different institutional arrangements regarding religion and into the impact of changing views on the societal role of religion within and outside religious communities.

scholarly journals Food for Life: evaluation of the impact of the Hospital Food Programme in England using a case study approach

JRSM Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 205427041771270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Gray ◽  
Judy Orme ◽  
Hannah Pitt ◽  
Matthew Jones
Keyword(s):  
Food Culture ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
The Impact

Objectives To evaluate the impact and challenges of implementing a Food for Life approach within three pilot NHS sites in 2014/2015 in England. Food for Life is an initiative led by the Soil Association, a non-governmental organisation in the UK that aims to encourage a healthy, sustainable food culture across communities. Design A case-study approach was undertaken using semi-structured interviews with staff and key stakeholders together with analysis of relevant documents such as meeting minutes, strategic plans and reports. Setting Three NHS Trusts in England. Participants Staff and key stakeholders. Main outcome measures Synthesis of key findings from semi-structured interviews and analysis of relevant documents. Results Key themes included the potential to influence contracting processes; measuring quality; food for staff and visitors; the role of food in hospitals, and longer term sustainability and impact. Participants reported that adopting the Food for Life approach had provided enormous scope to improve the quality of food in hospital settings and had provided levers and external benchmarks for use in contracting to help drive up standards of the food provided by external contractors for patients and staff. This was demonstrated by the achievement of an FFLCM for staff and visitor catering in all three organisations. Conclusions Participants all felt that the importance of food in hospitals is not always recognised. Engagement with Food for Life can produce a significant change in the focus on food within hospitals, and help to improve the quality of food and mealtime experience for staff, visitors and patients.

“To the Ends of the Earth”: Mission, Migration and the Impact of African-led Pentecostal Churches in the European Diaspora

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kwabena Asamoah-Gyadu
Keyword(s):  
Religious Communities ◽  
Conversion Narratives ◽  
Immigrant Churches ◽  
New Type ◽  
Pentecostal Churches ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Born Again ◽  
The Impact ◽  
World Mission

Abstract The rise of immigrant churches and African-led churches in the Diaspora is one of the most important developments to occur in world mission at the end of the 20th century. Most of these churches are made up of Africans who felt left out in the historic churches of the West. A number of these are of Pentecostal/charismatic persuasion and have developed into some of the most dynamic religious communities in the countries where they exist. Additionally, a new type of African-led church has emerged in the diaspora in Europe. This article is a case study of two well-known African diaspora mega-churches in Europe, the Church of the Embassy of the Blessed Kingdom of God for all Nations based in Kyiv, Ukraine led by Sunday Adelaja, and the London-based Kingsway International Christian Center led by Matthew Ashimolowo. Using the conversion narratives of the born-again experience and the subsequent redemptive uplifts that people testify to have experienced through these churches, the article discusses the importance of these developments within the context of mission and migration in the diaspora.

scholarly journals Virtual nitrogen and phosphorus flow associated with interprovincial crop trade and its effect on grey water stress in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Ren ◽  
Wenfeng Liu ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
La Zhuo ◽  
Yindong Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Southern China ◽  
National Level ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
P Loss ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The grey water footprint (GWF) is defined as freshwater requirements for diluting pollutants in receiving water bodies. It is widely used to measure the impact of pollutant loads on water resources. GWF can be transferred from one area to another through trade. Although pollution flow has previously been investigated at the national level, there has been no explicit study on the extent to which crop trade affects GWF across regions and the associated changes in grey water stress (GWS). This study analyzes pollution flow associated with interprovincial crop trade based on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss intensity of three major crops, namely, maize, rice and wheat, which is simulated by a grid-based crop model for the period 2008–2012, and evaluates the spatial patterns of GWS across China. The results indicate that the integrated national GWF for N and P was 1,271 billion m3 yr-1, with maize, rice, and wheat contributing 39%, 37%, and 24%, respectively. Through interprovincial crop trade, southern China outsourced substantial N and P losses to the north, leading to a 30% GWS increase in northern China and 66% GWS mitigation in southern China. Specifically, Jilin, Henan, and Heilongjiang Provinces in the north showed increases in GWS by 161%, 114%, and 55%, respectively, while Fujian, Shanghai, and Zhejiang in the south had GWS reductions of 83%, 85%, and 80%, respectively. It was found that the interprovincial crop trade led to reduced national GWF and GWS. Insights into GWF and GWS can form the basis for policy developments on N and P pollution mitigation across regions in China.

scholarly journals Does removing default retirement ages benefit individuals? A comparative empirical case study of the university sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 135822912110104
Author(s):  
Alysia Blackham
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Mandatory Retirement ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Work Intensification ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

In 2011, the UK government abolished the national default retirement age. While this could support extended working lives and promote individual choice, it could also be a neoliberal ‘ploy’ to individualise the risks of old age. The question, then, is what impact does the removal of mandatory retirement have in practice: does it help to promote individual choice and autonomy? Or does it lead to work intensification and the individualisation of the risks of demographic change? Or both, perhaps simultaneously? Drawing on original qualitative and quantitative empirical data from UK and USA universities, this article considers the impact of removing mandatory retirement ages on individual workers in higher education. It argues that legal reform may have prompted or encouraged work intensification in universities, including through an increased focus and use of performance management. Thus, in practice, the consequences of removing retirement ages for individuals are mixed.

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