scholarly journals Lung-Centric Inflammation of COVID-19: Potential Modulation by Vitamin D

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2216
Author(s):  
Hana. M. A. Fakhoury ◽  
Peter R. Kvietys ◽  
Ismail Shakir ◽  
Hashim Shams ◽  
William B. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Antiviral Defense ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Autopsy Specimens ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Excessive Inflammatory Response

SARS-CoV-2 infects the respiratory tract and leads to the disease entity, COVID-19. Accordingly, the lungs bear the greatest pathologic burden with the major cause of death being respiratory failure. However, organs remote from the initial site of infection (e.g., kidney, heart) are not spared, particularly in severe and fatal cases. Emerging evidence indicates that an excessive inflammatory response coupled with a diminished antiviral defense is pivotal in the initiation and development of COVID-19. A common finding in autopsy specimens is the presence of thrombi in the lungs as well as remote organs, indicative of immunothrombosis. Herein, the role of SARS-CoV-2 in lung inflammation and associated sequelae are reviewed with an emphasis on immunothrombosis. In as much as vitamin D is touted as a supplement to conventional therapies of COVID-19, the impact of this vitamin at various junctures of COVID-19 pathogenesis is also addressed.

Vitamin D and Sleep Regulation: Is there a Role for Vitamin D?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 2492-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiammetta Romano ◽  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Elea Di Benedetto ◽  
Volha V. Zhukouskaya ◽  
Luigi Barrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Background: Vitamin D exerts multiple pleiotropic effects beyond its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Growing evidence suggests an association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep disorders, thus increasing the interest in the role of this vitamin in the regulatory mechanisms of the sleep-wake cycle. Objective: The study aimed to explore and summarize the current knowledge about the role of vitamin D in sleep regulation and the impact of vitamin D deficiency on sleep disorders. Methods: The main regulatory mechanisms of vitamin D on sleep are explained in this study. The literature was scanned to identify clinical trials and correlation studies showing an association between vitamin D deficiency and sleep disorders. Results: Vitamin D receptors and the enzymes that control their activation and degradation are expressed in several areas of the brain involved in sleep regulation. Vitamin D is also involved in the pathways of production of Melatonin, the hormone involved in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Furthermore, vitamin D can affect sleep indirectly through non-specific pain disorders, correlated with alterations in sleep quality, such as restless legs syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Conclusions: : Vitamin D has both a direct and an indirect role in the regulation of sleep. Although vitamin D deficiency has been associated to sleep disorders, there is still scant evidence to concretely support the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of sleep disturbances; indeed, more intervention studies are needed to better clarify these aspects.

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin D in Pregnancy and Lactation: Emerging Concepts

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L Wagner ◽  
Sarah N Taylor ◽  
Donna D Johnson ◽  
Bruce W Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a critical time in the lifecycle of a woman where she is responsible not only for her own well-being, but also that of her developing fetus, a process that continues during lactation. Until recently, the impact of vitamin D status during this period had not been fully appreciated. Data regarding the importance of vitamin D in health have emerged to challenge traditional dogma, anD'suggest that vitamin D – through its effect on immune function anD'surveillance – plays a role beyond calcium and bone metabolism on the health status of both the mother and her fetus. Following birth, this process persists; the lactating mother continues to be the main source of vitamin D for her infant. Thus, during both pregnancy and lactation, maternal deficiency predicts fetal and infant deficiency; the significance of this is just beginning to be understood and will be highlighted in this review.

scholarly journals Possible role of vitamin D supplementation in coronavirus disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Devi Dayal
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
The Impact

<p>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is presumed to play a role in several infective and non-infective conditions such as acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, diabetes, hypertension, stroke etc. Most of the respiratory viral infections occur during winter season when the vitamin D levels in most individuals are generally low. The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which began during winter season similar to the previous epidemics due to coronaviruses, has again stirred a debate on the role of VDD in the initiation and spread of the pandemic. The data on vitamin D status in patients with COVID-19 is however lacking. Different vitamin D supplementation strategies have recently been suggested as part of several countermeasures aimed at reducing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. This brief narrative review discusses the evidence for the link between VDD and COVID-19 and the approaches suggested for vitamin D supplementation.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of Vitamin D on Physical Efficiency and Exercise Performance—A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Wiciński ◽  
Dawid Adamkiewicz ◽  
Monika Adamkiewicz ◽  
Maciej Śniegocki ◽  
Marta Podhorecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin D deficiency amongst athletes and the general population seems to be a prominent problem. The most recognized role of vitamin D is its regulation of calcium homeostasis; there is a strong relationship between vitamin D and bone health. Moreover, its concentrations are associated with muscle function and immune response in both the general and athletic populations. Vitamin D level is strongly connected with the presence of VDRs (vitamin D receptors) in most human extraskeletal cells. Expression of multiple myogenic transcription factors enhancing muscle cell proliferation and differentiation is caused by an exposure of skeletal muscles to vitamin D. The aim of this review is to summarize current understanding of the significance of vitamin D on exercise performance and physical efficiency, as well to analyze the impact of vitamin D on multiple potential mechanisms. More high-quality research studies, considering free 25(OH)D as a better marker of vitamin D status, the baseline level of 25(OH)D and multiple pathways of vitamin D acting and usage in athletes are required.

scholarly journals Role of advanced respiratory support in acute respiratory failure in clinically frail patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Nadeem ◽  
Louise Jordon ◽  
Masood Ur Rasool ◽  
Noor Mahdi ◽  
Ritesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Frailty Score

Background: The main aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of advanced respiratory support (ARS) for acute respiratory failure in do-not-attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation order (DNACPR) COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this single-center study, the impact of different types of ARS modality, PaO2/FiO2 (PF) ratio, clinical frailty score (CFS) and 4C score on mortality was evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference in age, type of ARS modality, PF ratio and 4C scores between those who died and those who survived. Overall survival rates/hospital discharge of patients still requiring ARS at 5 and 7 days post admission were 20 and 17%, respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that ARS can be a useful tool in frail, elderly and high-risk COVID-19 patients irrespective of high 4C mortality score.

scholarly journals The physiological role of vitamin D and the significance of its deficiency in the pathogenesis of climacteric syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia E. Morozova ◽  
Marina A. Tarasova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Climacteric Syndrome ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

This literature review summarizes data on the physiological role of vitamin D in women during menopause. We discuss the peculiarities of climacteric syndrome affected by vitamin D deficiency, including the impact of the vitamin on the central nervous system and its role in cognitive and affective disorders. The necessity of vitamin D therapy to prevent pathologies associated with menopause is highlighted.

Role of Vitamin D in Children with Respiratory Tract Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Esposito ◽  
E. Baggi ◽  
S. Bianchini ◽  
P. Marchisio ◽  
N. Principi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Doses

It has recently been shown that vitamin D (VitD) plays an important role in host defences, inflammation and immunity. We reviewed PubMed and selected all of the studies published over the last 15 years concerning VitD deficiency and VitD supplementation in children with respiratory tract infections. Our analysis showed that VitD seems to be very important because of its part in the complexity of the immune system. However, there are few pediatric studies and most have various limitations. First of all, the literature mainly refers to studies concerning the prevalence of VitD insufficiency and deficiency in specific pathologies. Secondly, it is extremely difficult to identify a common specific range of normal, insufficient and deficient VitD levels. Thirdly, the available studies of VitD supplementation often combined VitD with the use of other micronutrients, thus obscuring the role of VitD itself. Finally, different doses have been used for VitD supplementation. These observations clearly highlight the fact that further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of VitD deficiency and insufficiency in terms of the epidemiology and outcomes of pediatric respiratory tract infection, and whether VitD supplementation favours a positive outcome.

scholarly journals Vitamin D supplementation on anemia markers and the impact on PTH in patients with chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e53310917752
Author(s):  
Letícya Thaís Mendes Viana ◽  
Larissa Lages Rodrigues ◽  
Jurandy do Nascimento Silva ◽  
Maria Márcia Dantas de Sousa ◽  
Fhanuel Silva Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Search And Selection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Anemia Of Inflammation ◽  
Selection Of

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an injury that causes progressive impairment of exocrine and endocrine renal functions. A very common complication is anemia, caused by reduced erythropoietin production, iron deficiency and inflammation. Evidence demonstrates that vitamin D has effects on anemia of inflammation, through the increase in erythrocytes and decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study aims to review the effects of vitamin D supplementation on 25(OH)D2 concentrations, on anemia markers and on PTH levels. This is an integrative review carried out through the search and selection of original publications, in english and portuguese, indexed in PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases belonging to the 2010-2020 range. The results pointed to 25(OH)D2 concentrations compatible with normality after vitamin D supplementation. In five studies, there was no change in hemoglobin and PTH levels, and in four studies there was a reduction in the dose of EPO or erythroid stimulating agent, attributing such effect on the role of calcitriol as a substrate for bone marrow erythropoietic cells. The study concluded that vitamin D supplementation had beneficial effects for correction of 25(OH)D2 deficiency, however, it reinforces the controversy about the behavior of vitamin D on the improvement of anemia markers and PTH levels in patients with DRC. Therefore, it is suggested that the beneficial effect of vitamin D on anemia in renal patients may be independent of PTH suppression.

scholarly journals The renaissance of vitamin D.

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Wierzbicka ◽  
Anna Piotrowska ◽  
Michał A Żmijewski
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intracellular Targets

There is no doubt that vitamin D plays a crucial role in the maintenance of musculoskeletal system. But the function of this ancient molecule presumably ranges far beyond hormone-like regulation, as it could be generated by simple unicellular organisms. First, we are going to discuss the role of vitamin D as a global regulator of homeostasis from a historical perspective, but later we will focus on current views and its relevance to human physiology and pathology. Three milestones are defining the impact of vitamin D on science and humanity. Firstly, discovery that vitamin D is the cure for rickets, brought us supplementation programs and rapid irradiation of this devastating disease. Secondly, detail description of photoproduction of vitamin D, its subsequent metabolism and interaction with vitamin D receptor VDR, provided mechanistic background for future discoveries. Finally, recent large epidemiological studies provided indirect, but strong evidence that optimal level of vitamin D in serum has beneficial effects on our health and protects us from multiple diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, existence of alternative pathways of vitamin D metabolism and multiple intracellular targets broadens our understanding of its physiological activities and offers new and very promising tools for prophylactics and treatment of many diseases of civilization. Although vitamin D (and its derivatives) should not be regarded as a cure-all for every human disease, its beneficial effects on the human health have to be taken under consideration.

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