scholarly journals Body Composition, Anemia, and Kidney Function among Guatemalan Sugarcane Workers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3928
Author(s):  
Lyndsay Krisher ◽  
Jaime Butler-Dawson ◽  
Karen Schlosser ◽  
Claudia Asensio ◽  
Elisa Sinibaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
Reduced Kidney Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Rates of anemia among agricultural workers, who are also at risk for kidney injury and chronic kidney disease of unknown cause (CKDu), are unknown. We evaluated body composition through the sum of three skinfolds among 203 male sugarcane cutters and assessed the relationship of variables related to nutrition, anemia (hemoglobin < 13 g/dL), and elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ≥ 5.7%) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using linear regression. Eleven percent of workers were at the level of essential body fat (2–5%). Anemia was present among 13% of workers, 70% of which were normochromic normocytic, a type of anemia suggesting potential underlying chronic disease. Anemia was more common among those with lower BMI and fat free mass. The prevalence of elevated HbA1c was 21%. A moderate negative correlation was found between hemoglobin and HbA1c (Pearson’s r = −0.32, p < 0.01) which suggests that HbA1c values should be interpreted with caution in populations that have high rates of anemia. Twelve percent of workers had reduced kidney function with an eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. On average, the eGFR was 18 mL/min per 1.73 m2 lower [(95% CI:−24, −12), p < 0.01)] for those with anemia than those without, and 8 mL/min per 1.73 m2 lower among those with elevated HbA1c [(95% CI: −13, −2), p < 0.01]. Results will inform future studies examining the role of anemia in the evaluation of CKDu and interventions to improve nutrition for workers in low-resource settings.

Environmental Toxins and the Kidney

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Joshua D. King ◽  
Bernard G. Jaar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

While many compounds are known to be environmental and occupational nephrotoxins, it is often difficult to define the exact contribution of individual toxins to the development of kidney disease. This chapter discusses the relationship of environmental and occupational toxins to kidney diseases, explores the pathogenesis of nephrotoxicity of specific agents, stresses the importance of removal from the toxic agent(s), and describes considerations relevant to medical treatment of selected toxic exposures causative of kidney disease. A number of individual nephrotoxins such as heavy metals, silica compounds, herbal medications, and food additives are discussed in more detail, as is the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury due to environmental and occupational toxins. Options for treatment and controversies pertaining to the therapy of toxic agents causative of kidney disease are explored, particularly the role of chelation of heavy metals.

Gender Difference in the Relationship of Anaerobic Power Output to Body Composition in Children

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Van Praagh ◽  
Nicole Fellmann ◽  
Mario Bedu ◽  
Guy Falgairette ◽  
Jean Coudert
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Pubertal Stages ◽  
Anaerobic Power Output ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study was done to determine the extent to which body composition accounts for differences in anaerobic characteristics between 12-year-old girls and boys. Peak leg power (PP), mean leg power (MP), percent body fat, fat free mass (FFM), and lean thigh volume (LTV) were determined by various tests. Pubertal stages and salivary testosterone concentration (in boys) were used to assess sexual maturation. Laboratory anaerobic indices were compared with performances in two running tests. Blood samples were taken for lactate determination. Absolute PP and MP outputs were similar in both sexes and were better correlated with LTV in girls, whereas in boys both PP and MP were highly correlated with FFM. Although nonsignificant gender difference in lean tissue was observed, PP and MP when corrected for LTV were significantly greater in boys than in girls. Factors other than the amount of lean muscle mass should be considered in explaining the gender differences in PP and MP in early pubertal children.

The potential role of bacteria in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Yongqian Shu ◽  
Yanhong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Abo Blood Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a lethal and devastating disease in the worldwide. Recognized risk factors for pancreatic cancer include cigarette smoking, obesity, type II diabetes and chronic pancreatitis. Other factors such as variant ABO blood type and Helicobacter pylori may also play an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Recently, growing evidence suggests that the association between bacteria and pancreatic cancer is positive and related immune/inflammation activation and increased nitrosamine exposure may be its potential mechanism. Interestingly, it is debatable whether the relationship of bacteria and pancreatic cancer is causative, reactive or parallel and future studies are in progress. Here we review recent progress in pancreatic cancer and its related bacteria.

scholarly journals Kidney Dysfunction And COVID-19: Characteristics, Predictive Factors, And Influence Of Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo La Porta ◽  
Paola Baiardi ◽  
Lorenzo Fassina ◽  
Alessandro Faragli ◽  
Simone Perna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Predictive Analysis ◽  
Kidney Dysfunction ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background COVID-19 severity and mortality are strongly influenced by age and comorbidities. Among comorbidities, kidney dysfunction seems to play a crucial role. Indeed, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent finding in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and seems to be associated to mortality and severity. On the other hand, the role of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in COVID-19 is more debated. Aims and Methods We performed a retrospective study in a cohort of 174 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Italy from March 3rd to May 21st 2020, to investigate the role of kidney dysfunction on COVID-19 severity and mortality. Moreover, we examined in depth the relationship between kidney function, age, and progression of COVID-19, also using different equations to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) were obtained by logistic regression, while a predictive analysis was made through a machine learning approach.Results AKI and death occurred in 10.2 % and 19.5% respectively, in our population. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, neutrophils, lymphocytes, c-reactive protein and procalcitonin were significantly correlated to mortality and severity of the disease. The major risk factors for mortality in our cohort were age [adjusted HR, 6.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-21.4] and AKI [3.36 (1.44-7.87)], while, in these relationships, GFR at the baseline mitigated the role of age. The occurrence of AKI was influenced by baseline kidney function, D-dimer and procalcitonin and hypertension. Our predictive analysis for AKI and mortality reached an accuracy ≥ of 94% and 91%, respectively. In patients ≥ 70 years, MDRD and CKD-EPI showed a better performance in the prediction of AKI and mortality, compared to BIS-1 formula.Discussion Our study confirms the importance of AKI as a risk factor in COVID-19 disease, while it scales down the role of CKD, especially in elderly patients. BIS-1 formula demonstrated a worse performance to predict the outcomes in COVID-19 patients when compared to MDRD and CKD-EPI.

scholarly journals Relationship of joint behavior with body composition in older adult women as determining functional

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrada-Bonilla Yisel Carolina ◽  
Ramírez-Villada Jhon Freddy
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The functionality in ederly is determined by components of body composition (fat mass/fat free mass), as well as issues related to physical fitness performance (muscle strength, joint mobility), exhibited by the elderly, making it independent for activities of the environment in which it operates. The objective of this research was to establish the relationship between joint behavioral characteristics (lower limb), with values of fat mass/fat free mass in older women doing the test jump " Squat Jump". The results were considered as indicators of the functionality in the population evaluated.

scholarly journals The Role of Physical Fitness in the Relationship between Nut Consumption and Body Composition in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2126
Author(s):  
Miriam Garrido-Miguel ◽  
Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno ◽  
Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Isabel Antonia Martínez-Ortega ◽  
Luis Enrique Hernández-Castillejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The main objective of this study was to estimate the association between nut consumption and body composition-related measures and to examine whether this relationship is mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the muscle strength index (MSI) in young adults. A cross-sectional study involving college students (n = 354) aged 18–30 years from a Spanish public university was conducted. Body composition and fitness components were assessed using standard methods. Nut consumption was evaluated using a Food-Frequency Questionnaire. ANCOVA models were used to assess the mean differences in physical fitness and body composition by nut consumption categories. Hayes’s PROCESS macro was applied for mediation and interaction analyses adjusted for the main confounders. Young adults with high nut consumption (≥5 portions of 30 g/week) showed significantly higher values of physical fitness components and fat-free mass and lower values of adiposity-related measures than their peers in the lowest categories of nut consumption (˂1 portion/week) (p < 0.05). No significant interaction between CRF and nut consumption on body composition was found. In the mediation analysis, CRF and MSI acted as full mediators of the relationship of nut consumption with fat-free mass and waist circumference/height index. Otherwise, CRF and MSI partially mediated the relationship between nut consumption and body mass index and percent of fat mass. Finally, nut consumption, per se, does not appear to have a significant impact on body composition indicators because these associations have been shown to be partially (for BMI and %BF) or entirely (for ratio WC/height and fat-free mass) explained by CRF and MSI.

The Eyesi simulator in training ophthalmology residents: results of a pilot study on self-efficacy, motivation and performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Robert PL Wisse ◽  
Tessa Coster ◽  
Marieke Van der Schaaf ◽  
Olle Ten Cate
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Surgical Performance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeTo describe ophthalmology residents’ motivation and self-efficacy during cataract surgery training and to assess the relationship of self-efficacy and motivation on both simulator (Eyesi) and real-life surgical performance.MethodsProspective cohort study using a within-subject design. Eight residents were asked to fill out questionnaires on self-efficacy and motivation towards the Eyesi simulator and real-life cataract surgery at three different moments. Simulator performance was derived from the instrument’s output. Patient charts were reviewed to assess real-life surgical performance.ResultsComparative analysis, using a paired sampled t-test, showed a significant increase in self-efficacy towards real-life cataract surgery after completing the cataract training on the simulator (p=0.005). Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between total tasks to complete the cataract training and self-efficacy scored after working with the simulator (p=0.038). Motivation towards the simulator remained stable over time and seemed not to be influenced by simulator or real-life performance.ConclusionsWe found evidence that performance on the simulator correlated with residents’ self-efficacy scored after the simulator training, supporting the theory that self-efficacy is determined by prior performance. Self-efficacy seemed inversely related to the ease of completion of a task: delivery of a greater effort leads to more satisfaction and a higher perceived self-efficacy towards this particular task. Future studies should include more subjects to provide a more accurate insight in the role of self-efficacy and motivation in training complex surgical skills.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the relationship of renal disease and coronavirus disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e22-e22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banafsheh Yalameha ◽  
Bijan Roshan ◽  
Lakkakula VKS Bhaskar ◽  
Leila Mohmoodnia
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Patients ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a pandemic and its death toll is rocketing up. Patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of developing COVID-19 complications and COVID-19 infection can also lead to renal dysfunction. Considering the importance of kidney function in COVID-19 patients, the present review is aimed to dig into the available evidence about kidney and COVID-19. We summarize the mechanisms underlying the renal injury in COVID-19 patients, and treatment strategies in dialysis and kidney transplant patients. We conclude, it is imperative to highlight the early monitoring of patients with AKI and carefully control kidney function during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) infection.

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

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