Number of Days Required to Estimate Habitual Vegetable Variety: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Using Dietary Records for 7 Consecutive Days

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ryoko Kurisaki ◽  
Osamu Kushida
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Sectional Analysis

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the number of days required to estimate habitual vegetable variety by conducting a multiday, dietary record. Sixty respondents from three groups in Japan (rural residents, general students, and nutrition students) participated in the study using a self-administered questionnaire in September 2018. To measure vegetable variety, the number of different vegetables consumed was extracted from the dietary records of seven consecutive days. Differences in the number of vegetables consumed and the capture proportion over seven consecutive days between groups were examined using repeated measures analysis of variance and one-way analysis of variance. The vegetable variety between each day was also compared using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The vegetable variety based on dietary records for seven consecutive days confirmed the differences between groups by repeated measurements (p = 0.013). However, there was no significant difference among groups in the capture proportion per survey day based on seven consecutive days. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between the number of vegetables consumed over seven consecutive days and that consumed on two or more days (r > 0.50, p < 0.01) and especially three or more days in all groups (r > 0.70, p < 0.001). The present study suggested that a dietary survey over two or more days could provide an estimate of habitual vegetable variety.

scholarly journals Estimating Bayes factors from minimal summary statistics in repeated measures analysis of variance designs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Faulkenberry
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

In this paper, I develop a formula for estimating Bayes factors directly from minimal summary statistics produced in repeated measures analysis of variance designs. The formula, which requires knowing only the F-statistic, the number of subjects, and the number of repeated measurements per subject, is based on the BIC approximation of the Bayes factor, a common default method for Bayesian computation with linear models. In addition to providing computational examples, I report a simulation study in which I demonstrate that the formula compares favorably to a recently developed, more complex method that accounts for correlation between repeated measurements. The minimal BIC method provides a simple way for researchers to estimate Bayes factors from a minimal set of summary statistics, giving users a powerful index for estimating the evidential value of not only their own data, but also the data reported in published studies.

scholarly journals Knowledge, awareness and preparedness regarding coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among community pharmacy practitioners working in Kathmandu, Nepal: A pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212097451
Author(s):  
Sunil Shrestha ◽  
Nisha Jha ◽  
Subish Palaian ◽  
Pathyil Ravi Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Bonferroni Test

Good knowledge, awareness and preparedness regarding coronavirus disease 2019, among community pharmacy practitioners (CPPs), will enable them to provide correct information and support to patients, convey instructions from the public health authorities and protect their own health. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine knowledge, awareness and preparedness regarding coronavirus disease 2019 among CPPs working in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling method from 10 February to 25 March 2020. Data were analysed descriptively, and one-sample independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare scores among different subgroups of respondents ( p < 0.05). Post hoc analyses (following analysis of variance) were done using the Bonferroni test. Results: A total of 81 CPPs participated. Mean ± standard deviation age was 26.70 ± 5.29 years. Majority of the respondents were male (64.2%). Many CPPs (40.7%) had work experience between 1 and 5 years. Almost half (45.7%) had an educational qualification of Diploma in Pharmacy. Significant differences in knowledge ( p = 0.022) and preparedness ( p < 0.001) were found among individuals with differing levels of work experience. Similarly, a significant difference was found between knowledge-preparedness and work experience ( p = 0.022 and p < 0.001), location of pharmacy ( p < 0.001) and educational qualification ( p = 0.031). Awareness ( p < 0.001) and preparedness scores ( p = 0.049) were different among community pharmacies with the different number of medicines available. Conclusion: Knowledge was found to be higher in CPPs with a work experience of more than 5 years. CPPs working at larger community pharmacies were more aware and prepared. CPPs’ knowledge, awareness and preparedness should be evaluated more widely and strengthened.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Quantitative Evaluation of Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System in Pediatric Serbian Population

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Dragana Cirovic ◽  
Ivana Petronic ◽  
Jasna Stojkovic ◽  
Ivan Soldatovic ◽  
Polina Pavicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Dysfunctional Voiding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background and objective: Dysfunctional voiding (DV) presents relatively frequent problem in pediatric urologist practice. The necessity for implementation of DV evaluation in the pediatric population is of particular importance, since there is no clear consensus on the clinical assessment of such condition. The aims of our study were to evaluate the test/retest reliability and reproducibility of dysfunctional voiding and incontinence scoring system: Serbian version (DVISSSR) in patients with voiding and incontinence dysfunctions without structural deformities, and to estimate cut-off value for DVISSSR. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 57 children with voiding and incontinence dysfunctions and 30 healthy pediatric controls. For the evaluation of voiding and incontinence dysfunction we used DVISS. The forward–backward method was applied for translation of the DVISS questionnaire from English into Serbian language. Reproducibility was analyzed by Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Sensitivity and specificity of DVISSSR scores was done by receiver operating curve (ROC) curve. Results: There was a significant difference in DVISSSR score between patients and controls (p < 0.001). For reliability and reproducibility of the questionnaire, there was no significant difference between repeated measurements (p = 0.141), and strong reliability (ICC = 0.957; p < 0.001). Conclusion: We have demonstrated successful translation and validation of the DVISSSR score. Moreover, a reliable scoring system of children with voiding dysfunctions should include evaluations of symptom scoring systems at the multicentric level.

Assessing the effectiveness of problem-based and lecture-based learning environments on students’ achievements in electronic works

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chibueze Tobias Orji ◽  
Theresa Chinyere Ogbuanya
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of problem-based and lecture-based learning environments on students’ achievement in electronic works. The design was randomized subjects with pretest and posttest control group design. The participants ( N = 148) were randomized to treatment and control conditions. Repeated measures analysis of variance and univariate analysis of variance were conducted by the researchers to compare changes across the treatment and control group participants. To test for differences in categorical data representing characteristics of the participants, the researchers used Chi-square (χ2) statistic. Results show that the experimental group achieved higher achievement scores than the control group for electronic works achievement test at the posttest and follow-up test stages. Furthermore, the study found that there was no significant difference ( P > 0.05) in the achievement of students in the different ability levels and genders after the treatment. Hence, problem-based learning was advocated for teachers of electronic works in Nigeria.

Comparison of Trunk Muscle Activity During Modified Side-Bridge Exercises and Traditional Side Bridge Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 963-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Whan Choi ◽  
Jung-Wan Koo ◽  
Yeon-Gyu Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Bonferroni Adjustment ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

Context: The modified side-bridge exercise is designed for some special situations in which it is impossible to tolerate the compressive load on the side supported during the side bridge, such as in the older people with a hip or knee replacement and even in athletes with shoulder pain. Objectives: To examine the effects of 3 modified side-bridge exercises on the spinal stability muscles compared with traditional side-bridge (TSB) exercises for healthy men. Design: The effects of different exercises on the muscle activities of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and quadratus lumborum (QL) during TSB exercise, both legs lift on side lying (BLLS), torso lift on a 45° bench while side lying (TLBS), and wall side bridge (WSB) were analyzed with the 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Setting: This study was conducted in a university hospital laboratory. Participants: A total of 20 healthy men were recruited for this study. Interventions: The participants performed TSB, BLLS, TLBS, and WSB in a random order. Main Outcome Measures: Surface electromyography measured the muscle activity of the EO, IO, and QL. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance assessed the statistical significance of the EO, IO, and QL muscle activity. When there was a significant difference, a Bonferroni adjustment was performed. Results: BLLS and TLBS showed similar effects to TSB in the EO, IO, and QL muscle activity, whereas WSB showed significantly less QL muscle activity than TSB (P < .05). Moreover, TLBS was significantly greater in the muscle activity of QL and EO than WSB (P < .05). Conclusion: BLLS and TLBS may be effective rehabilitation techniques to activate EO, IO, and QL in patients who are unable to perform TSB as spine stability exercises.

Estimating Gestational Age from Ultrasound: External Validation of the NICHD Formula with Comparison to the Hadlock Regression

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 985-989
Author(s):  
Chase R. Cawyer ◽  
Sarah B. Anderson ◽  
Jeff M. Szychowski ◽  
Daniel W. Skupski ◽  
John Owen
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Valid Estimate ◽  
The Difference

Objective To externally validate the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) formula developed from the National Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons and compare with 1984 Hadlock regression in a general obstetrical population. Study Design Cross-sectional study of nonanomalous singletons with a crown-rump length (CRL) and ≥1 additional ultrasound (US) with complete fetal biometrics. CRL established the referent estimated due date to calculate the error at every examination from both formulas. Error was the difference between the CRL-derived gestational age (GA) and each method's predicted GA. Comparisons were also made in three GA intervals: 1 (140/7–206/7), 2 (210/7–286/7), and 3 (≥290/7). Odds ratios evaluated the likelihood of errors outside the prespecified (±) day ranges. Repeated measures analysis of variance and generalized estimating equations controlled multiple US in the same patient. Results A total of 6,043 patients produced 16,904 USs for evaluation. The NICHD formula yielded significantly smaller mean errors in all GA ranges compared with the Hadlock formula (p < 0.01). In interval 3, the NICHD formula had significantly lower odds of discerning examinations outside the prespecified error range (odds ratio: 1.27). Conclusion The NICHD formula is a valid estimate of estimating GA in a general obstetrical population and was superior to the Hadlock formula, most notably in the third trimester.

scholarly journals Children’s Social Perception of Peers’ Dento-Facial Condition: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1480-1485
Author(s):  
Sunil Babu Kotha ◽  
Ayah AlMenawi ◽  
Reem Abdullah AlKhalaf ◽  
Alhanouf Khalid Binhezaim ◽  
Turki Hamdan AlHarbi
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Facial Condition

AIMS: This study aimed to compare the participant’s perceptions about their peers’ dento-facial condition with different incisal appearances (intact, discoloured, fractured, and avulsed incisors).MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolchildren of both primary (8-11 years) and secondary (12-14 years) levels. Each participant was asked to judge photographs with one intact and three digitally modified central incisors giving the appearance of a traumatised tooth. Data on perceptions were collected for each condition using 12 attributes (8 positive and 4 negative; scored on a 4 point Likert scale). The positive, negative and total attribute scores were analysed separately by unpaired Student’s t-test. Repeated Measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analysis was also used.RESULTS: A group of 587 children participated in the study. The perception for intact and traumatised incisors about demographic factors is well appreciated. Among the gender delineation, girls showed a significant difference in judgment between discoloured and fractured incisors. In comparison to intact incisors, positive and total attributable scores were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.001), whereas negative attribute scores were significantly lower (P < 0.001) for traumatised incisors. Pairwise comparison showed high significance (p <0.001) between the intact and traumatised incisor conditions.CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that visible dental trauma influenced the psychosocial judgment given by children towards their peers. This judgment would, in turn, affect their level of acceptance towards such appearances. Therefore, these conditions ought to be redressed as swiftly as possible.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The primary purpose of this study was to highlight the psychosocial perceptions of children in judging their peers, regarding not only attractiveness but also intelligence, friendliness, confidence, outgoing nature, etc.

The Effects of Four Acidifying Sprays, Vinegar, and Water on Canine Cutaneous pH Levels

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Matousek ◽  
Karen L. Campbell ◽  
Ibulaimu Kakoma ◽  
David J. Schaeffer
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Linear Contrast

This study determined the extent and duration of cutaneous acidification caused by a single application of four acidifying sprays, vinegar, and water. Multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between the six sprays (F=15.3; P≤0.001). Linear contrast tests showed that the effects of the acidifying sprays were significantly different from vinegar and water (F=6.0; P≤0.001), and vinegar was significantly different from water (F=13.8; P≤0.001). The acidifying sprays decreased cutaneous pH to &lt;6.0 for a mean range of 50 to 65 hours, while vinegar did so for a mean of 12 hours.

scholarly journals Using Ultraviolet C (UVC) in Operating Rooms: A Hygiene Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. s63-s63
Author(s):  
Roberta Bosco ◽  
Gabriele Messina ◽  
Davide Amodeo ◽  
Gabriele Cevenini ◽  
Simona Gambelli
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Operating Rooms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
The Difference

Background: Disinfection procedures are an essential aspect of preventing cross contamination, especially in situations where the risk of infection is higher, such as in operating rooms (ORs). Disinfection procedures in ORs at the end of each surgery session are not the same as final cleaning procedures. We assessed the difference in microbial contamination between different levels of disinfection, before T(0) and after T(1) the use of an ultraviolet C device (UVC-D). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2019 and August 2020 in a private clinic. Three sanitation levels (SL1–SL3) were compared for the reduction in colony-forming units (CFU) between T(0) and T(1): (1) no disinfection after surgery (SL1);, (2) after in-between cleaning (SL2), and (3) after terminal cleaning (SL3). UVC-D was used for 6 minutes, 3 minutes per bed side. Overall, 260 Petri dishes were used in 3 ORs, incubated at 36°C, and CFU were counted after 48 hours. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon test, and MANOVA for repeated measures were performed to verify the 95% statistical difference between T(0) and T(1), both on the whole sample and combined with the different SLs. Results: The unstratified analysis showed statistically significant differences (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05) between T(0) and T(1), with means and standard deviations of 11.42 ± SD 41.19 CFU/PD and 5.91 ± SD 30.89, respectively. The Manova test for repeated measures, applied to 54 pairs of measurements, showed no significant difference between SLs in T(0)-T(1) CFU reduction. Overall, the mean percent reduction in CFU was 93.48% (CI95% = 86.97-99.99%). Conclusions: The results showed significant improvements in disinfection under any condition tested with UVC-D. Using the device immediately after surgery (SL1), before standard cleaning procedures, reduced CFUs by 97.3%. In some situations, UVC light was sufficient to reduce CFU to zero, even without chemical and mechanical cleaning. However, we do not recommend this approach; UVC light disinfection should be applied only after sanitization procedures because it does not remove dirt.Funding: UltraViolet Device, IncDisclosures: None

Colorectal cancer stage at diagnosis in migrants and non-migrants: a cross-sectional analysis of the KoMigra Study in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1499-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Dahlhaus ◽  
Andrea Siebenhofer ◽  
Corina Guethlin ◽  
Maja Taubenroth ◽  
Zeycan Albay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Tumour Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Variables ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer is one leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Its prognosis depends largely on tumour stage at diagnosis. Migration status was associated with late stage at diagnosis in some studies, yet results are inconsistent. Methods The cross-sectional study “The Diagnostics of Colorectal Carcinoma in Migrants and Non-Migrants in Germany” (KoMigra) investigated the association between migration background and tumour stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis in a large German urban area. Patient variables were collected via a survey translated into nine languages. Data on tumour stage were extracted from medical records. Results 437 patients could be recruited for analysis. Explorative logistic regression yielded no significant difference for tumour stage “I” versus “II-IV” according to the tumour classification “Union Internationale Contre le Cancer” (UICC) between migrants and non-migrants. Although the odds of a higher tumour stage were consistently higher in migrants than non-migrants, the effect estimates had wide confidence intervals. In descriptive analyses, migrants reported symptoms more often and for longer time than non-migrants. This was especially true for patients with poor proficiency of German. Conclusions Migration background was not significantly associated with advanced tumour stage at diagnosis. However, the effect of poor language proficiency should be explored further.

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