scholarly journals Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Microsporidium Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Diarrheal Patients

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Manman Zang ◽  
Jinjin Li ◽  
Chun Tang ◽  
Songtao Ding ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
And Control

Enterocytozoon bieneusi can cause severe diarrhea in children and adults. However, in China, there are scant studies on E. bieneusi in diarrheal children and adults, with the exception of prevalence and genotyping data in a small number of cities including Hubei, Shanghai, and Heilongjiang. In this study, 196 fecal samples (n = 132 in Chongqing, n = 44 in Shandong, n = 20 in Hubei) were collected, including 91 from children and 105 from adults. Through microscopic examination, 19 positive samples (11 from children and 8 from adults) were detected. Using PCR examination, the internal transcriptional spacer (ITS) region was utilized by nested PCR to detect and characterize E. bieneusi. Twenty positive samples were detected, including 14 from children (≤11 years of age) and 6 from adults. According to the sequence analysis of ITS data, one known zoonotic (D) and seven novel (CQH5-11) genotypes were identified. This is the first molecular epidemiological study of E. bieneusi in diarrheal patients in different regions of China. Therefore, this study can provide useful information for the molecular epidemiology and control of E. bieneusi infection in humans in the future.

scholarly journals Description of Diutina gen. nov., Diutina siamensis, f.a. sp. nov., and reassignment of Candida catenulata, Candida mesorugosa, Candida neorugosa, Candida pseudorugosa, Candida ranongensis, Candida rugosa and Candida scorzettiae to the genus Diutina

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_12) ◽  
pp. 4701-4709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pannida Khunnamwong ◽  
Noppon Lertwattanasakul ◽  
Sasitorn Jindamorakot ◽  
Savitree Limtong ◽  
Marc-André Lachance
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Lsu Rrna Gene ◽  
Anamorphic Yeast

Three strains (DMKU-RE28, DMKU-RE43T and DMKU-RE123) of a novel anamorphic yeast species were isolated from rice leaf tissue collected in Thailand. DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that the species forms a sister pair with Candida ranongensis CBS 10861T but differs by 24–30 substitutions in the LSU rRNA gene D1/D2 domains and 30–35 substitutions in the ITS region. A phylogenetic analysis based on both the small and the large rRNA gene subunits confirmed this connection and demonstrated the presence of a clade that also includes Candida catenulata, Candida mesorugosa, Candida neorugosa, Candida pseudorugosa, Candida rugosa and Candida scorzettiae. The clade is not closely affiliated to any known teleomorphic genus, and forms a well-separated lineage from currently recognized genera of the Saccharomycetales. Hence, the genus Diutina gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate members of the clade, including Diutina siamensis f.a. sp. nov. and the preceding seven Candida species. The type strain is DMKU-RE43T ( = CBS 13388T = BCC 61183T = NBRC 109695T).

scholarly journals Genotype identification and phylogenetic analysis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farmed black goats (Capra hircus) from China’s Hainan Province

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-Huan Zhou ◽  
Xin-Li Zheng ◽  
Tian-Ming Ma ◽  
Meng Qi ◽  
Zong-Xi Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Hainan Province ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Group 2

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an important pathogen commonly found in humans and animals. Farmed animals with close contact to humans are important hosts of E. bieneusi. The role of goats in the transmission of E. bieneusi, however, remains unclear. In this study, 341 fresh fecal samples of black goats were collected from five locations in Hainan Province, China. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was identified and genotyped by sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by constructing a neighbor-joining tree of the ITS gene sequences. The average prevalence of E. bieneusi in black goats was 24.0% (82/341) with rates ranging from 6.3% (4/63) to 37.2% (32/86) across the locations (χ2 = 17.252, p < 0.01). Eight genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified, including six known genotypes: CHG5 (n = 47); CHG3 (n = 23); CHG2 (n = 4); CM21 (n = 3); D (n = 2); and AHG1 (n = 1), and two novel genotypes termed HNG-I (n = 1) and HNG-II (n = 1). In the phylogenetic tree, genotype D was clustered into Group 1 and the other identified genotypes were included in Group 2. This represents the first report identifying E. bieneusi in black goats from Hainan Province, with a high prevalence and wide occurrence demonstrated. The two new genotypes identified provide additional insights into the genotypic variations in E. bieneusi. Due to the small percentage of zoonotic genotypes in these animals, there is minimal risk of zoonotic transmission of E. bieneusi.

scholarly journals Molecular-Based Detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Farmed Masked Palm Civets (Paguma larvata) in Hainan, China: A High-Prevalence, Specificity, and Zoonotic Potential of ITS Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Guang-Xu Ren ◽  
Yu Qiang ◽  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
Jinkang Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Group 1

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a microsporidian and zoonotic species. This study investigated the prevalence and distribution of E. bieneusi genotypes in farmed masked palm civets using nested PCR, as well as assessed their zoonotic potential by phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region of the rRNA region. Here, we collected 251 fecal specimens from farmed masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) from the Hainan Island, China. In total, 128 of 251 samples were positive for E. bieneusi, with an average infection rate of 51.0%. Seventeen genotypes were identified including 12 known genotypes—HNR-VI (n = 56), SHR1 (n = 45), SHW7 (n = 6), KIN-1 (n = 3), D (n = 3), New1 (n = 3), EbpC (n = 2), CHC5 (n = 1), CHG19 (n = 1), CHN4 (n = 1), EbpA (n = 1), and Henan-III (n = 1)—and five novel genotypes (HNPL-I to HNPL-II; one each). Phylogenetic analysis categorized these genotypes into two groups. Thirteen of them were members of the zoonotic group 1, and the remaining four genotypes were in group 12. This study has shown that the infection rates of E. bieneusi in masked palm civets from Hainan were relatively high and provide baseline data to control and prevent microsporidiosis in farm-related communities. Therefore, infections in masked palm civets with zoonotic genotypes D, EbpC, CHN4, EbpA, KIN-1, and Henan-III should be considered potential threats to public health.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Characterizations of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in Captive Red Pandas (Ailurus Fulgens) In Sichuan Province, Southwestern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-yang Zeng ◽  
Wan-Yu Meng ◽  
Song-Rui Liu ◽  
Jin-Chuan Yao ◽  
Ming He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Red Panda ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Breeding Mode

Abstract Background: Enterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi) can infect a broad range of animals, and also the major pathogen for human microsporidiosis. The risk of zoonosis is uncertain because of limited research on red pandas. In addition, the semi-free range breeding enables the red panda direct contact with tourists. It is essential to investigate the prevalence and genotypes and to evaluate the safety of this breeding mode. Methods: Based on nested PCR, 198 fecal specimens were sampled from 6 zoos in Sichuan province from July 2020 to December 2020, to identify positive samples by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA with specific primers. The correlation analysis of infection rate was carried out between different breeding modes (captive and semi-free-range). To cluster the identified genotypes with related genotypes to deduce zoonotically potential by phylogenetic analysis. In addition, Multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in ITS-positive samples were performed using the Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) tool.Results: The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) results showed that 12.1% (24/198) samples were positive for E.bieneusi. The infection rates varied from 0% to 18.0% in different zoos and were significantly different in different breeding methods (χ2=5.442, P=0.0197). Genotypes D, SC02, and SCR1(novel) were clustered in zoonotic group 1, while genotype PL2 is clustered in group 2-like with uncertain risk by phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, 3 distinct multilocus genotyping were formed in ITS-positive isolates.Conclusions: These results revealed the circulating of E. bieneusi in zoo red pandas, indicating that red pandas may be a source of human microsporidiosis and that semi-free range breeding mode as a risk factor increased the E. bieneusi infection rate and potential cross-species transmission.

scholarly journals Detection of CPV 2a Antigen Type of Canine Parvovirus in the States of Punjab and Assam, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Himasri Das ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Mudit Chandra ◽  
P. N. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Part ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
Antigenic Type ◽  
North Eastern Part

Aim: Canine Parvovirus (CPV) is an emerging and re-emerging virus of canines. The study was undertaken to analyze VP2 gene of CPV in the isolates from dogs positive for CPV infection. Methods: The rectal swabs were collected from dogs suspected of CPV and subjected to PCR and nested PCR. The regions compared in the study were Punjab to represent north part of India and Assam to represent north-eastern part of India. The sequence analysis of VP2 gene of CPV was done using NCBI BLAST from the isolates which were positive for CPV by nested PCR. Further, phylogenetic analysis was done to understand the prevailing antigenic type of CPV from northern and north eastern part of India. Results: The sequence analysis revealed that all the sequences of VP2 gene from the samples had 98-99% homology with Canine Parvovirus and phylogenetic analysis revealed that CPV 2a antigenic type is circulating in both the regions selected in the study. Conclusions: The present study revealed that CPV 2a is circulating in the regions of Punjab and Assam part of India. Further sequence analysis of VP2 gene from more number of field isolates can throw better light on the prevailing antigenic type of CPV in various parts of India.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and new genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in minks (Neovison vison) in China

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cong ◽  
Si-Yuan Qin ◽  
Qing-Feng Meng
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Opportunistic Disease ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Its Gene

Microsporidiosis is an emerging and opportunistic disease, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the main cause of this disease in humans. Little information is available on prevalence and genotyping of E. bieneusi in minks. We collected 559 feces samples of minks from Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in 2017, and studied E. bieneusi prevalence by nested PCR. A total of 23 out of 559 minks (4.1%) were detected as E. bieneusi-positive, and were raised in five of the seven investigated farms. Age was the only risk factor associated with E. bieneusi prevalence in investigated minks through logistic regression analysis. Sequence analysis of the ITS gene revealed that five E. bieneusi ITS genotypes, including Peru11, EbpC, and three novel genotypes (HLJM-1, HLJM-2 and JLM-1) were present, suggesting minks may be a potential source of human microsporidiosis.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Arthrodermataceae (dermatophytes) using sequence analysis of the ribosomal ITS region

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. GRAser ◽  
M. EL Fari ◽  
R. Vilgalys ◽  
A. F. A. Kuijpers ◽  
G. S. DE Hoog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Its Region ◽  
The Family

Usefulness of nested PCR and sequence analysis in a nosocomial outbreak of neonatal enterovirus infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Takami ◽  
Hisashi Kawashima ◽  
Yukito Takei ◽  
Tasuku Miyajima ◽  
Takayuki Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Nosocomial Outbreak ◽  
Enterovirus Infection

scholarly journals Extensive Phylogenetic Analysis of Piscine Orthoreovirus Genomic Sequences Shows the Robustness of Subgenotype Classification

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Marcos Godoy ◽  
Daniel A. Medina ◽  
Rudy Suarez ◽  
Sandro Valenzuela ◽  
Jaime Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genomic Segment ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Original Classification

Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) belongs to the family Reoviridae and has been described mainly in association with salmonid infections. The genome of PRV consists of about 23,600 bp, with 10 segments of double-stranded RNA, classified as small (S1 to S4), medium (M1, M2 and M3) and large (L1, L2 and L3); these range approximately from 1000 bp (segment S4) to 4000 bp (segment L1). How the genetic variation among PRV strains affects the virulence for salmonids is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe the molecular phylogeny of PRV based on an extensive sequence analysis of the S1 and M2 segments of PRV available in the GenBank database to date (May 2020). The analysis was extended to include new PRV sequences for S1 and M2 segments. In addition, subgenotype classifications were assigned to previously published unclassified sequences. It was concluded that the phylogenetic trees are consistent with the original classification using the PRV genomic segment S1, which differentiates PRV into two major genotypes, I and II, and each of these into two subgenotypes, designated as Ia and Ib, and IIa and IIb, respectively. Moreover, some clusters of country- and host-specific PRV subgenotypes were observed in the subset of sequences used. This work strengthens the subgenotype classification of PRV based on the S1 segment and can be used to enhance research on the virulence of PRV.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of coxsackievirus A16 circulating in children in Beijing, China from 2010 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Fang Hu ◽  
Li-Ping Jia ◽  
Fang-Yuan Yu ◽  
Li-Ying Liu ◽  
Qin-Wei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Evolutionary Rate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Coxsackievirus A16 ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is one of the major etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary characteristics of CVA16. Methods Throat swabs were collected from children with HFMD and suspected HFMD during 2010–2019. Enteroviruses (EVs) were detected and typed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RT-PCR. The genotype, evolutionary rate, the most recent common ancestor, population dynamics and selection pressure of CVA16 were analyzed based on viral protein gene (VP1) by bioinformatics software. Results A total of 4709 throat swabs were screened. EVs were detected in 3180 samples and 814 were CVA16 positive. More than 81% of CVA16-positive children were under 5 years old. The prevalence of CVA16 showed obvious periodic fluctuations with a high level during 2010–2012 followed by an apparent decline during 2013–2017. However, the activities of CVA16 increased gradually during 2018–2019. All the Beijing CVA16 strains belonged to sub-genotype B1, and B1b was the dominant strain. One B1c strain was detected in Beijing for the first time in 2016. The estimated mean evolutionary rate of VP1 gene was 4.49 × 10–3 substitution/site/year. Methionine gradually fixed at site-23 of VP1 since 2012. Two sites were detected under episodic positive selection, one of which (site-223) located in neutralizing linear epitope PEP71. Conclusions The dominant strains of CVA16 belonged to clade B1b and evolved in a fast evolutionary rate during 2010–2019 in Beijing. To provide more favorable data for HFMD prevention and control, it is necessary to keep attention on molecular epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics of CVA16.

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