Coagulation Status in Dogs Naturally Infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum

Angiostrongylus vasorum infection has been associated with coagulopathies including hyperfibrinolysis. We compared coagulation status including thromboelastometry (ROTEM) parameters in dogs naturally infected with A. vasorum versus healthy dogs to determine clinicopathological parameters associated with bleeding, hypocoagulopathy, and hyperfibrinolysis. Clinical signs, white blood cell count, platelet count, hematocrit, plasmatic coagulation tests (PT, aPTT, fibrinogen concentration), D-dimer, and ROTEM S parameters (Ex-tem, In-tem, Fib-tem, Ap-tem) were analysed and compared between bleeding, nonbleeding, and control dogs and between hypo- and normocoagulable animals. Clinical signs of bleeding were present in 6/9 (67%) hypocoagulable and 1/9 (11%) normocoagulable dogs. PT, fibrinogen concentration, and several ROTEM parameters were significantly different between hypocoagulable and normocoagulabe A. vasorum infected dogs. Hyperfibrinolysis was identified in 44% of infected dogs and was significantly more common in bleeding and hypocoagulable dogs. Hyperfibrinolysis was significantly associated with low MCFFib-tem but not with low fibrinogen concentration or increased D-dimers. CFTEx-tem > 248 swas 100% sensitive and 89% specific to predict hyperfibrinolysis. Hyperfibrinolysis, hypocoagulability and bleeding are common in A. vasorum infected dogs. Only Ex-tem and Fib-tem parameters and potentially PT were associated with bleeding or hypocoagulability. Ex-tem analysis enables detection of bleeding, hypocoagulability and hyperfibrinolysis within minutes.

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Highly Variable Clinical Pictures in Dogs Naturally Infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10111372 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1372

Author(s):

Mariasole Colombo ◽

Donato Traversa ◽

Eleonora Grillotti ◽

Carlo Pezzuto ◽

Cesare De Tommaso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southern Italy ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

High Variability ◽

Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽

Coagulation Disorders ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Clinical Pictures ◽

Apparently Healthy

Canine angiostrongylosis by Angiostrongylus vasorum is increasingly reported in both enzootic and previously free areas. The complex pathogenesis of the disease makes the clinical workup challenging. Infected dogs show highly variable clinical pictures, characterized by subclinical to life-threatening general, cardio-respiratory, neurological and/or gastrointestinal signs. The present study reports the high variability of clinical pictures from 36 dogs across central and southern Italy that were naturally infected by A. vasorum. Of them, 23 (63.9%) presented at least one clinical sign, while 13 (36.1%) were subclinically infected and apparently healthy. Overall, 19 dogs (52.8%) showed cardiorespiratory signs, 14 (38.9%) had non-specific abnormalities, 2 (5.6%) presented coagulation disorders and 1 (2.8%) had a severe neurological condition. Importantly, four dogs presenting with clinical signs had neither cough nor dyspnea. These results underline that angiostrongylosis should be included in the differential diagnosis, even when dogs display only non-specific clinical signs. The proportion of apparently healthy dogs highlights the relevance of routine copromicroscopic and/or antigenic tests in enzootic areas to avoid the sudden onset of potentially life-threatening signs.

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Prevalence of canine parvoviral enteritis in pet dogs at Dhaka city of Bangladesh

International Journal of Biological Research ◽

10.14419/ijbr.v6i1.9374 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Sawrab Roy ◽

Juned Ahmed ◽

Md. Shamsul Islam Basit ◽

Sagir Uddin Ahmed ◽

Shahrul Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Clinical History ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Health Condition ◽

Control Measures ◽

Research Centre ◽

Dhaka City ◽

German Shepherd ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

And Control

Background: Canine parvoviral enteritis is a highly contagious viral disease of dog that can lead to life-threating illness.Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of canine parvoviral enteritis in dogs of Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh.Methods: A total of 545 dogs were examined at Dr. Sagir’s Pet Clinics and Research Centre, Dhaka during September 2016 to August 2017. The disease was diagnosed on the basis of clinical history, clinical signs and by CPV rapid Ag kit test.Results: Overall prevalence of canine parvoviral enteritis was recorded as 13.94%. The prevalence of canine parvoviral enteritis varied significantly (p<0.05) among different aged groups (23.63%, 10.63%, 8.27% in 0-6 months, 7-12 months and above 12 months respectively). Considering seasonal influences, highest prevalence was found in summer season (17.5%) followed by winter (12.12%) and rainy season (11.66%) which was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Male dogs (18.74%) were found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher susceptible in comparison with female (11.00%).Non-vaccinated dogs (80.0%) were at greater risk than vaccinated (2.58%), (p<0.05). There was significant (p<0.05) difference among various breeds where German Shepherd (40.78%) had highest prevalence of canine parvoviral enteritis followed by Labrador (22.36%), Rottweiler (21.05%), Doberman (13.15%) and cross breeds (4.4%). Dogs with poor health condition (20.75%) were more vulnerable than apparently healthy dogs (7.5%), (p<0.05).Conclusion: This result provides an empirical scenario of canine parvoviral enteritis in Dhaka city. Effective routine vaccination and control measures may reduce the disease burden in dog population.

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THE 2019 NOVEL PANDEMIC OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19): A STUDY OF EXISTING EVIDENCE IN THE INDIAN POPULATION

Era s journal of medical research ◽

10.24041/ejmr2020.33 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 199-204

Author(s):

Shrikant Verma ◽

Mohammad Abbas ◽

Sushma Verma ◽

Syed Tasleem Raza ◽

Farzana Mahdi

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Indian Population ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

The World ◽

And Control ◽

General Wellbeing ◽

Different Parts

A novel spillover coronavirus (nCoV), with its epicenter in Wuhan, China's People's Republic, has emerged as an international public health emergency. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, and till November eighth, 2020, there have been 8.5 million affirmed instances of novel Covid disease2019 (COVID-19) in India, with 1,26,611 deaths, resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 1.48 percent. Coronavirus clinical signs are fundamentally the same as those of other respiratory infections. In different parts of the world, the quantity of research center affirmed cases and related passings are rising consistently. The COVID- 19 is an arising pandemic-responsible viral infection. Coronavirus has influenced huge parts of the total populace, which has prompted a global general wellbeing crisis, setting all health associations on high attentive. This review sums up the overall landmass, virology, pathogenesis, the study of disease transmission, clinical introduction, determination, treatment, and control of COVID-19 with the reference to India.

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Poult Enteritis and Mortality Syndrome in Turkey Poults: Causes, Diagnosis and Preventive Measures

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11072063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2063

Author(s):

Awad A. Shehata ◽

Shereen Basiouni ◽

Reinhard Sting ◽

Valerij Akimkin ◽

Marc Hoferer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preventive Measures ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Accurate Diagnosis ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Turkey Poults ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Enteric Disorders ◽

And Control ◽

Enteropathogenic Viruses ◽

Poult Enteritis

Poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS) is one of the most significant problem affecting turkeys and continues to cause severe economic losses worldwide. Although the specific causes of PEMS remains unknown, this syndrome might involve an interaction between several causative agents such as enteropathogenic viruses (coronaviruses, rotavirus, astroviruses and adenoviruses) and bacteria and protozoa. Non-infectious causes such as feed and management are also interconnected factors. However, it is difficult to determine the specific cause of enteric disorders under field conditions. Additionally, similarities of clinical signs and lesions hamper the accurate diagnosis. The purpose of the present review is to discuss in detail the main viral possible causative agents of PEMS and challenges in diagnosis and control.

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Immunohistological Evaluation of Von Willebrand Factor in the Left Atrial Endocardium and Atrial Thrombi from Cats with Cardiomyopathy

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1240

Author(s):

Wan-Ching Cheng ◽

Lois Wilkie ◽

Tsumugi Anne Kurosawa ◽

Melanie Dobromylskyj ◽

Simon Lawrence Priestnall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Von Willebrand Factor ◽

Left Atrial ◽

Thrombus Formation ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Feline Model ◽

Von Willebrand ◽

And Control ◽

Endocardial Endothelium ◽

Willebrand Factor

Aortic thromboembolism (ATE) occurs in cats with cardiomyopathy and often results in euthanasia due to poor prognosis. However, the underlying predisposing mechanisms leading to left atrial (LA) thrombus formation are not fully characterised. von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a marker of endothelium and shows increased expression following endothelial injury. In people with poor LA function and LA remodelling, vWF has been implicated in the development of LA thrombosis. In this study we have shown (1) the expression of endocardial vWF protein detected using immunohistofluorescence was elevated in cats with cardiomyopathy, LA enlargement (LAE) and clinical signs compared to cats with subclinical cardiomyopathy and control cats; (2) vWF was present at the periphery of microthrombi and macrothrombi within the LA where they come into contact with the LA endocardium and (3) vWF was integral to the structure of the macrothrombi retrieved from the atria. These results provide evidence for damage of the endocardial endothelium in the remodelled LA and support a role for endocardial vWF as a pro-thrombotic substrate potentially contributing to the development of ATE in cats with underlying cardiomyopathy and LAE. Results from this naturally occurring feline model may inform research into human thrombogenesis.

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Preparation of Perpendicular GdFeCo Magnetic Thin Films with Pulse Electrodeposition Technique Utilizing Molten Salt as Electrolyte

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-2007-1215 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 62 (12) ◽

pp. 761-768

Author(s):

Chao-Chen Yang ◽

Min-Fong Shu

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Magnetic Domain ◽

Current Method ◽

Magnetic Thin Films ◽

Potential Method ◽

Amorphous Structure ◽

Electrodeposition Technique ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

Afm Analysis ◽

And Control

We have utilized ZnCl2-dimethylsulfone (DMSO2) as the electrolyte with added GdCl3, FeCl2, and CoCl2, for electrodepositing a perpendicular GdFeCo magnetic thin film. The reaction at the electrode surface and the electrical conductivity of the ionic substance at different ionic concentrations were studied by cyclic voltammetry and a computerized direct current method. Moreover, the electrodeposition of the GdFeCo thin film was determined by a pulse potential method. Relation between the composition of the deposited thin film and control parameters including applied potentials was determined by EDS analysis. An amorphous structure and the thickness of the thin film were obtained by TEM analysis. Its roughness and uniformity were determined by AFM analysis. Meanwhile, a perpendicular magnetic property and pinning magnetic domain of the thin film were analyzed from results of AGM and MFM.

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An afebrile heartwater-like syndrome in goats

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v84i1.955 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rhoda Leask ◽

Kenneth P. Pettey ◽

Gareth F. Bath

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Measures ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Febrile Reaction ◽

Presumptive Diagnosis ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

And Control

Heartwater is a serious limiting factor for sheep and goat production in the major endemic area of sub-Saharan Africa and therefore most knowledge, research and control methods originate from this region. Whilst the usual or common clinical presentations can be used to make a presumptive diagnosis of heartwater with a good measure of confidence, this is not always the case, and animals suffering from heartwater may be misdiagnosed because their cases do not conform to the expected syndrome, signs and lesions. One aberrant form found occasionally in the Channel Island breeds of cattle and some goats is an afebrile heartwaterlike syndrome. The most constant and characteristic features of this heartwater-like syndrome comprise normal temperature, clinical signs associated with generalised oedema, and nervous signs, especially hypersensitivity. The presumption that the disease under investigation is the afebrile heartwater-like syndrome entails a tentative diagnosis based on history and clinical signs and the response to presumed appropriate treatment (metadiagnosis). The afebrile heartwater-like syndrome presents similarly to peracute heartwater but without the febrile reaction. Peracute cases of heartwater have a high mortality rate, enabling confirmation of the disease on post-mortem examination. Recognition of the afebrile heartwater-like syndrome is important to prevent deaths and identify the need for appropriate control measures.

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Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of two antimony products after subcutaneous administration in dogs

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.10050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (04) ◽

pp. 279-283

Author(s):

Julie Rambaldi ◽

Andrea Barbarossa ◽

Eva Morbidelli ◽

Anna Zaghini

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Subcutaneous Administration ◽

Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽

Local Tolerability ◽

Mean Values ◽

Meglumine Antimoniate ◽

Pentavalent Antimony ◽

First Choice ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Healthy Dogs

Introduction: Pentavalent antimony is the first choice drug for leishmaniasis in dog. Leishmaniasis has a complex pathogenesis and it manifests various clinical signs, some of which are often similar to those associated with the toxicity induced by antimonial treatment. Among the reasons for this toxicity, also a general problem of drug’s quality has been reported. Methodology: The general and local tolerability of two commercially available meglumine antimoniate based veterinary products was evaluated in 12 healthy dogs, 6 receiving Antimania (Fatro, Italy) and 6 receiving Glucantime (Merial, Spain), following repeated subcutaneous administrations of therapeutic doses for 14 days. Results: Individual and mean values of haematological and biochemical parameters in both groups remained in the physiological range, with no considerable differences within the two groups. The general tolerability of the drugs was also supported by clinical observations and physical examination of the dogs throughout the whole study period. Only slight local reactions at the injection sites, that spontaneously disappeared, were observed for both products starting from 12-84 hours after the administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated no antimony accumulation. Conclusions: These results suggest that meglumine antimoniate administered at the recommended dosage regimen is well tolerated by healthy dogs, and that there is no significant difference between the two tested products.

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