scholarly journals Potential and Applications of Nanocarriers for Efficient Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Alam Zeb ◽  
Isra Rana ◽  
Ho-Ik Choi ◽  
Cheol-Ho Lee ◽  
Seong-Woong Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viable Option ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Molecule Drug ◽  
Parenteral Delivery ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Intracellular Targets ◽  
Plasma Half Life

During the past two decades, the clinical use of biopharmaceutical products has markedly increased because of their obvious advantages over conventional small-molecule drug products. These advantages include better specificity, potency, targeting abilities, and reduced side effects. Despite the substantial clinical and commercial success, the macromolecular structure and intrinsic instability of biopharmaceuticals make their formulation and administration challenging and render parenteral delivery as the only viable option in most cases. The use of nanocarriers for efficient delivery of biopharmaceuticals is essential due to their practical benefits such as protecting from degradation in a hostile physiological environment, enhancing plasma half-life and retention time, facilitating absorption through the epithelium, providing site-specific delivery, and improving access to intracellular targets. In the current review, we highlight the clinical and commercial success of biopharmaceuticals and the overall applications and potential of nanocarriers in biopharmaceuticals delivery. Effective applications of nanocarriers for biopharmaceuticals delivery via invasive and noninvasive routes (oral, pulmonary, nasal, and skin) are presented here. The presented data undoubtedly demonstrate the great potential of combining nanocarriers with biopharmaceuticals to improve healthcare products in the future clinical landscape. In conclusion, nanocarriers are promising delivery tool for the hormones, cytokines, nucleic acids, vaccines, antibodies, enzymes, and gene- and cell-based therapeutics for the treatment of multiple pathological conditions.

Cytotoxicity Analysis of Nanoparticles by Association Rule Mining

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulsah Gul ◽  
Ramazan Yildirim ◽  
Nazar Ileri-Ercan
Keyword(s):  
Association Rule ◽  
Association Rule Mining ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Rule Mining ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Intracellular Targets

Understanding the toxicity behavior of NPs is of great importance to ensure efficient delivery to intracellular targets without causing cytotoxicity, to measure the long-term effects of nanoparticles (NPs), and to...

FAXING—150 YEARS OLD!

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. A30-A30
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Success ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Essential Tool ◽  
Metal Plates

Although the office fax machine has only become popular in the past decade, this year sees its 150th anniversary. It was patented on 27 May 1843, 30 years even before the telephone. But whereas the telephone quickly established itself as an essential tool for business, commercial success has been much longer coming for a machine that could transmit pictures and documents, within seconds, from one office to another. The inventor of the idea was Alexander Bain, who was born in 1810. Bain, a Scotsman from a remote croft in Caithness, is reputed to have performed his early experiments using cattle jawbones for hinges, heather for springs and metal plates buried in the earth for batteries. He was apprenticed to a clockmaker in Wick and invented the first electric clock, which used electromagnetism to pull a pendulum from side to side. He then moved to London and patented his fax machine.

scholarly journals Hydrophobicity drives the systemic distribution of lipid-conjugated siRNAs via lipid transport pathways

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maire F. Osborn ◽  
Andrew H. Coles ◽  
Annabelle Biscans ◽  
Reka A. Haraszti ◽  
Loic Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sirna Delivery ◽  
Lipid Transport ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Systemic Distribution ◽  
Lipoprotein Binding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plasma Half Life

AbstractEfficient delivery of therapeutic RNA is the fundamental obstacle preventing its clinical utility. Lipid conjugation improves plasma half-life, tissue accumulation, and cellular uptake of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, the impact of conjugate structure and hydrophobicity on siRNA pharmacokinetics is unclear, impeding the design of clinically relevant lipid-siRNAs. Using a panel of biologically-occurring lipids, we show that lipid conjugation modulates siRNA hydrophobicity and governs spontaneous partitioning into distinct plasma lipoprotein classes in vivo. Lipoprotein binding influences siRNA distribution by delaying renal excretion and promoting uptake into lipoprotein receptor-enriched tissues. Lipid-siRNAs elicit mRNA silencing without causing toxicity in a tissue-specific manner. Lipid-siRNA internalization occurs independently of lipoprotein endocytosis, and is mediated by siRNA phosphorothioate modifications. Although biomimetic lipoprotein nanoparticles have been considered for the enhancement of siRNA delivery, our findings suggest that hydrophobic modifications can be leveraged to incorporate therapeutic siRNA into endogenous lipid transport pathways without the requirement for synthetic formulation.

Dissecting extracellular and intracellular distribution of nanoparticles and their contribution to therapeutic response by monochromatic ratiometric imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Yan ◽  
Binlong Chen ◽  
Qingqing Yin ◽  
Zenghui Wang ◽  
Ye Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Intracellular Distribution ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Dual Responsive ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Ratiometric Imaging ◽  
Intracellular Targets

Abstract Efficient delivery of payload to intracellular targets has been identified as the central principle for nanomedicine development, while the extracellular targets are equally important for cancer treatment. Notably, the contribution of extracellularly distributed nanoparticles to therapeutic outcome is far from being understood. Herein, we develop a pH/light dual-responsive monochromatic ratiometric imaging nanoparticle (MRIN), which functions through sequentially lighting up the intracellular and extracellular fluorescence signals by acidic endocytic pH and near-infrared light. Enabled by MRIN nanotechnology, we accurately quantify the extracellular and intracellular distribution of nanoparticles in several tumor models, which account for 65-80% and 20-35% of total tumor exposure, respectively. Given that the majority of nanoparticles are trapped in extracellular regions, we successfully dissect the contribution of extracellularly distributed nanophotosensitizer to therapeutic efficacy, thereby maximize the treatment outcome. Our study provides key strategies to precisely quantify nanocarrier microdistribtion and engineer multifunctional nanomedicines for efficient theranostics.

To the heart block clinic

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
A. F. Samoylov ◽  
M. N. Cheboksarov
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Heart Block ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Rare Combination

Over the past five years, we have observed four cases of complete transverse heart block at the Faculty Therapeutic Clinic. One of these cases has already been described by Dr. Rufimsky on the pages of Kazan Medical Journal (1921, No. 2), and two new cases where transverse dissociation of the heart was found in patients in a rare combination with other pathological conditions from this body, we consider it interesting to describe in this article.

Child Care and the Role of Employer Sponsorship

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Hayley McBrien ◽  
Anna Bower
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Central Body ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Early Childhood Professionals ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
Monitoring Quality

This paper examines current issues and availability of employer-sponsored child care in Australia and compares two international perspectives on the issue of child care and responsibility with the present Australian perspective. The historical emergence of employer-sponsored child care in Australia is traced over the past two decades and is supported by three examples of companies having successfully used such arrangements. Implications for early childhood professionals and the changing roles practitioners face in terms of ensuring quality and equity in services for young children and their families are discussed. The authors propose employer-sponsored child care as a viable option for Australian families, and argue for the establishment of a central body responsible for supporting and monitoring quality, with equity being an essential component.

scholarly journals The Role of Phosphatases in Nuclear Envelope Disassembly and Reassembly and Their Relevance to Pathologies

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentin Huguet ◽  
Shane Flynn ◽  
Paola Vagnarelli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Regulation Of Cell Cycle

The role of kinases in the regulation of cell cycle transitions is very well established, however, over the past decade, studies have identified the ever-growing importance of phosphatases in these processes. It is well-known that an intact or otherwise non-deformed nuclear envelope (NE) is essential for maintaining healthy cells and any deviation from this can result in pathological conditions. This review aims at assessing the current understanding of how phosphatases contribute to the remodelling of the nuclear envelope during its disassembling and reformation after cell division and how errors in this process may lead to the development of diseases.

Spontaneous Rupture of Spleen in a Patient with Splenic Metastasis of Melanoma. A Case Report

1992 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Buzbee ◽  
Sewa S. Legha
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Splenic Rupture ◽  
Splenic Metastasis ◽  
Spontaneous Splenic Rupture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Previous Trauma ◽  
Splenic Metastases

We report a case of spontaneous splenic rupture in a patient with metastatic melanoma. Spontaneous splenic rupture without previous trauma has been observed in various pathological conditions such as infectious mononucleosis, malaria, typhoid fever and, rarely, neoplasms affecting the spleen. There have been several reported cases of splenic rupture in leukemias. Despite the high incidence of splenic metastases in metastatic melanoma, there have been only 3 cases of spontaneous splenic rupture reported in the past.

A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Viability of STEM and Other Fields of Study

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kau-Fui V. Wong ◽  
Thomas Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Baccalaureate Degree ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Job Growth

Finding a high paying job in an expanding market is a challenging goal that many people face today. The current work addresses the issue, principally to aid parents, college undergraduates and high school seniors. With many different options available, it is important to identify those options that can lead to economic success with expected job growth. One measure that can be used is monthly income. Looking at the past values for monthly income will give a good idea of which fields are high paying. It is also necessary to project future monthly income based on field of baccalaureate degree earned in order to accurately see what direction the fields are headed financially. Applying the data available to various stationary and trend based models will allow predictions to be made for the future monthly earnings for a field. This paper will aim to validate STEM as a viable option to choose for high pay and increased job growth.

scholarly journals Salmonella-based platform for efficient delivery of functional binding proteins to the cytosol

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Chabloz ◽  
Jonas V. Schaefer ◽  
Ivona Kozieradzki ◽  
Shane J. F. Cronin ◽  
Daniel Strebinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Ras Signaling ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Affinity Reagents ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Intracellular Targets

AbstractProtein-based affinity reagents (like antibodies or alternative binding scaffolds) offer wide-ranging applications for basic research and therapeutic approaches. However, whereas small chemical molecules efficiently reach intracellular targets, the delivery of macromolecules into the cytosol of cells remains a major challenge; thus cytosolic applications of protein-based reagents are rather limited. Some pathogenic bacteria have evolved a conserved type III secretion system (T3SS) which allows the delivery of effector proteins into eukaryotic cells. Here, we enhance the T3SS of an avirulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium to reproducibly deliver multiple classes of recombinant proteins into eukaryotic cells. The efficacy of the system is probed with both DARPins and monobodies to functionally inhibit the paradigmatic and largely undruggable RAS signaling pathway. Thus, we develop a bacterial secretion system for potent cytosolic delivery of therapeutic macromolecules.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document