scholarly journals Heavy Metal Pre-Conditioning History Modulates Spartina patens Physiological Tolerance along a Salinity Gradient

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2072
Author(s):  
João Carreiras ◽  
Jesús Alberto Pérez-Romero ◽  
Enrique Mateos-Naranjo ◽  
Susana Redondo-Gómez ◽  
Ana Rita Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Spartina Patens ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Tolerance

Land salinization, resulting from the ongoing climate change phenomena, is having an increasing impact on coastal ecosystems like salt marshes. Although halophyte species can live and thrive in high salinities, they experience differences in their salt tolerance range, being this a determining factor in the plant distribution and frequency throughout marshes. Furthermore, intraspecific variation to NaCl response is observed in high-ranging halophyte species at a population level. The present study aims to determine if the environmental history, namely heavy metal pre-conditioning, can have a meaningful influence on salinity tolerance mechanisms of Spartina patens, a highly disperse grass invader in the Mediterranean marshes. For this purpose, individuals from pristine and heavy metal contaminated marsh populations were exposed to a high-ranging salinity gradient, and their intraspecific biophysical and biochemical feedbacks were analyzed. When comparing the tolerance mechanisms of both populations, S. patens from the contaminated marsh appeared to be more resilient and tolerant to salt stress, this was particularly present at the high salinities. Consequently, as the salinity increases in the environment, the heavy metal contaminated marsh may experience a more resilient and better adapted S. patens community. Therefore, the heavy metal pre-conditioning of salt mash populations appears to be able to create intraspecific physiological variations at the population level that can have a great influence on marsh plant distribution outcome.

scholarly journals Survival and osmoregulation of the purple marsh crab (Sesarma reticulatum) at varying salinity and pH

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 985-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Shaughnessy ◽  
E.C. Anderson ◽  
M. Kasparian ◽  
J.M. LaMontagne ◽  
J.S. Bystriansky
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Trophic Cascade ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Fundamental Niche ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Sesarma Reticulatum

Overfishing of top predators along the western Atlantic coastline has led to a trophic cascade in salt marshes, with increases in herbivorous purple marsh crab (Sesarma reticulatum (Say, 1817)) abundances in North American estuaries leading to overgrazing of cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora Loisel.) and shoreline erosion. To evaluate potential physiological limits on the range of S. reticulatum within an estuary, we evaluated survival and physiological tolerance of S. reticulatum from the Ashepoo–Combhee–Edisto (ACE) River Basin in South Carolina, USA, to combinations of salinity (5‰ and 30‰) and pH (pH 6.6, 7.6, and 8.6) challenges, representative of estuarine extremes. Survival, haemolymph ion concentrations, and gill Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (VHA) activity were measured after a 48 h exposure to each experimental condition. Survival was nearly 100% and osmoregulatory control was maintained across estuarine salinity and pH ranges. Sesarma reticulatum appeared to be robust to all potential combinations of salinity and pH stressors examined in this study, and therefore are likely unrestricted in their fundamental niche based on these stressors throughout an estuary.

scholarly journals Study on the Content and Influence of Heavy Metal Elements in Dust of Xiqing District of Tianjin

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 01042
Author(s):  
YanShan Yin ◽  
Jin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Total Dust ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Heavy Metal Elements

At present, heavy metal elements in dust have great influence on air quality and human health,therefore, the content and influence of heavy metal elements on campus were studied. Firstly, PM10 and total dust in the autumn campus atmosphere were sampled for 10 consecutive days, and then digested by electric heating plate digestion method. Then, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to detect and analyze the content and concentration ratio of seven heavy metal elements Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Hg and Ba in PM10 and total dust. Finally, through comparative analysis, it is concluded that heavy metal pollutants in the atmospheric environment are mainly Zn and Ba, and the concentrations of Cd, Zn and Ba are seriously exceeded, so the air quality in Xiqing District of Tianjin is poor, and the particle size distribution of Cd and Hg makes it easy to enter the human body, which is especially unfavorable to human health.

Leaf fatty acid remodeling in the salt-excreting halophytic grass Spartina patens along a salinity gradient

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Duarte ◽  
Ana Rita Matos ◽  
João Carlos Marques ◽  
Isabel Caçador
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Spartina Patens

scholarly journals Native-Invasive Plants vs. Halophytes in Mediterranean Salt Marshes: Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Two Related Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Al Hassan ◽  
Juliana Chaura ◽  
María P. López-Gresa ◽  
Orsolya Borsai ◽  
Enrico Daniso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Native Invasive

Vegetation patterns in James Bay coastal marshes. III. Salinity and elevation as factors influencing plant zonations

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2967-2974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Earle ◽  
K. A. Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Coastal Marsh ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Community Types

Plant zonations and selected environmental variables were studied in a subarctic coastal marsh at Ekwan Point, James Bay, Ont. Eight distinct community types were identified using two-way indicator species analysis classification (TWINSPAN). These were interpreted as a primary successional sequence. The eight communities were found to conform closely to the classical marsh zonations based on elevation and tidal influence: (1) lower salt marsh, (2) middle salt marsh, (3) upper salt marsh, (4) saline meadow, (5) freshwater meadow, and (6) freshwater fen. Environmental data collected along the vegetation transects indicated that changes in elevation and soil-water salinity probably influence species distributions. A species ordination using detrended correspondence analysis (DECORANA) revealed several trends in plant distribution patterns. Consideration of the environmental affinities of species separated along three ordination axes suggested that salinity and elevation, water content, and soil texture were probably important factors influencing successional processes in the marsh during at least the last century. An inverse salinity gradient, which has been reported at many sites along the west coast of Hudson and James bays, was not found at Ekwan Point.

scholarly journals Controls on soil organic carbon stocks in tidal marshes along an estuarine salinity gradient

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6611-6624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijn Van de Broek ◽  
Stijn Temmerman ◽  
Roel Merckx ◽  
Gerard Govers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Tidal Marshes ◽  
Freshwater Marshes ◽  
Marsh Sediments ◽  
Maximum Turbidity Zone ◽  
Maximum Turbidity ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. Tidal marshes are sedimentary environments and are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth. As a consequence they have the potential to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by sequestering organic carbon (OC). In the past decades, most research on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in marsh environments has focused on salt marshes, leaving carbon dynamics in brackish and freshwater marshes largely understudied and neglecting the diversity among tidal marshes. We therefore conducted an extensive sampling campaign to quantify and characterize SOC stock in marshes along a salinity gradient in the Scheldt estuary (Belgium and the Netherlands). We find that SOC stocks vary significantly along the estuary, from 46 in freshwater marshes to 10 kg OC m−2 in salt marshes. Our data also show that most existing studies underestimate total SOC stocks due to shallow soil sampling, which also influences reported patterns in OC storage along estuaries. In all sampled tidal marsh sediments the SOC concentration is more or less constant from a certain depth downward. However, this concentration decreases with increasing salinity, indicating that the amount of stable SOC decreases from the upper estuary towards the coast. Although the net primary production of macrophytes differs along the estuary, our data suggest that the differences in OC storage are caused mainly by variations in suspended sediment concentration and stable particulate OC (POC) content in the water along the estuary. The fraction of terrestrial suspended sediments and POC that is transported downstream of the maximum turbidity zone is very limited, contributing to smaller amounts of long-term OC sequestration in brackish and salt marsh sediments. In addition, high rates of sediment deposition on freshwater tidal marshes in the maximum turbidity zone promote efficient burial of OC in these marsh sediments.

Using Regional Characteristic Amendments to Modify Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil of Guangxi, South China

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 654-657
Author(s):  
Qiu Jun Li ◽  
Rui Jie Zhang ◽  
Ying Hui Wang ◽  
Da Rong Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
South China ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Regional Characteristic ◽  
Coconut Husk

In this study we compared the efficiency of four kinds of amendments (silkworm excrement, coconut husk, red mud, sepiolite) and their mixtures to immobilize the heavy metals present in a contaminated acidic soil (Pb:420 mg ·kg−1; Zn :334 mg· kg−1) and to influence several enzymatic activities. The results showed that, silkworm excrement, coconut husk and their mixtures, which had high pH and/or high content of organic matter, reduced exchangeable Pb in the soil by 18% to 46%, and reduced available Zn by 24% to 35%, which was more efficacious than single sepiolite. The complex of silkworm excrement and red mud had a great influence on soil pH, while coconut husk increased the content of organic matter in soil significantly.

The Transformation of Heavy Metal Be in Activated Sludge Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Chen ◽  
Xiu Lian Zhu ◽  
Wei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Sludge Treatment

Municipalsludge is refers to the product of sewage treatment plant, facing the huge number of municipalsludge, the disposal of the municipalsludge has aroused wide attention of all countries. Many studies consider that urban land use of the municipalsludge is the most effective method, However heavy metal accumulats in the sludge and the environment of the risk with agricultural appears day after day.The purpose of this study is: analysis the transfermation of heavy metals in the activated sludge system of various structures. put forward the solution of reducing heavy metal exceeded in the activated sludge treatment process.It appears that the coagulation can make colloid stabilized and sedimentation, can control the input of the heavy metal effectively; Adsorption of activated sludge to heavy metal is very fast, in 30 min basic reached adsorption balance, probably 80% or more;The change from oxygen to aerobic have great influence on Heavy metal biological adsorption;An aerobic digestion processes can reduce the volume and quality of sludge, but there is no enrichment role to heavy metal in sludge.

scholarly journals Biophysical controls of marsh soil shear strength along an estuarine salinity gradient

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421
Author(s):  
Megan N. Gillen ◽  
Tyler C. Messerschmidt ◽  
Matthew L. Kirwan
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
York River ◽  
Marsh Soil ◽  
Freshwater Marshes ◽  
Soil Shear Strength ◽  
Wave Erosion

Abstract. Sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion, and wave erosion threaten coastal marshes, but the influence of salinity on marsh erodibility remains poorly understood. We measured the shear strength of marsh soils along a salinity and biodiversity gradient in the York River estuary in Virginia to assess the direct and indirect impacts of salinity on potential marsh erodibility. We found that soil shear strength was higher in monospecific salt marshes (5–36 kPa) than in biodiverse freshwater marshes (4–8 kPa), likely driven by differences in belowground biomass. However, we also found that shear strength at the marsh edge was controlled by sediment characteristics, rather than vegetation or salinity, suggesting that inherent relationships may be obscured in more dynamic environments. Our results indicate that York River freshwater marsh soils are weaker than salt marsh soils, and suggest that salinization of these freshwater marshes may lead to simultaneous losses in biodiversity and erodibility.

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