scholarly journals Optimization of the Multienzyme-Assisted Extraction Procedure of Bioactive Compounds Extracts from Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) and Evaluation of Obtained Extracts

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2567
Author(s):  
Paulina Štreimikytė ◽  
Dalia Urbonavičienė ◽  
Aistė Balčiūnaitienė ◽  
Pranas Viškelis ◽  
Jonas Viškelis
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Water Contact

Optimization of the extraction procedure using a multienzymes cocktail for common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) is important due to the yield, fermentable sugars, oligosaccharides and bioactive compounds for creating higher added value products. This study was undertaken to find out the optimum multienzymes-water extraction on yield and total phenolic compounds for common Buckwheat using response surface methodology (RSM). Three independent variables, time (2, 13, and 24 h), temperature (60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C), and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzymes mixture (0.10, 0.55, and 1.00 mL), were analyzed to optimize the response variables. NSP hydrolyzing enzymes, cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucanase, were produced by Trichoderma reesei. Estimated optimum conditions for F. esculentum were found: time—2 h, temperature—65 °C, and cellulase activity—8.6 CellG5 Units/mL. Different optimization run samples were collected and lyophilized for further analysis until the hydrophilic property using the water contact angle methodology and rutin content using HPLC was determined. Results indicated NSP enzymes activity did not differ between water contact angles after 13 h of enzymatic water extraction. However, longer fermentation time (24 h) decreased static water contact angle by approximately 3–7° for lyophilized water extract and 2–7° for solid fraction after fermentation. It implies enzymatic hydrolysis during water extraction increased hydrophilic properties in solid fraction and decreased hydrophilicity in water fraction due to the enzymes cleaved glycosidic bonds releasing water-soluble compounds.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol/pomegranate peel powder films

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5484-5489
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Green Packaging

Biodegradable plastics had gained much attention among the researchers due to the arising of sustainability and environmental issues caused by petrochemical-based plastics. In this study, PVA films incorporated with pomegranate peel powder (PPP) were synthesized by using solution casting method. The effect of PPP on the surface morphology, physical properties, barrier properties and antibacterial activity of PVA based films were studied through FE-SEM, water solubility test, water contact angle test and Kirby-Bauer test. The incorporation of PPP had significantly enhanced the water solubility and surface energy of PVA-PPP films with the increasing of PPP content that caused reduction in water contact angle of the films. However, the films do not show a significant effect on the antibacterial efficacy against E.coli. In conclusion, PVA-PPP films have great potential to be used as green packaging materials for cosmetics products provided that further study on antibacterial efficacy against gram positive bacteria should be conducted.

Surface Modification of Natural Rubber Latex Film Using Photocrosslinkable Chitosan

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 824-829
Author(s):  
He Ping Yu ◽  
Zong Qiang Zeng ◽  
Hong Chao Liu ◽  
Yong Yue Luo
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Latex Films ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Water Contact

Surface modifications of natural rubber latex films were carried out to improve the hydrophilicity by UV-induced immobilization of water-soluble butyryl derivative of chitosan using the photosensitive hetero-bifunctional crosslinking reagent, 4-azidobenzoic acid. The effects of the concentration of modified chitosan solution and UV irradiation time on the water contact angle values of natural rubber latex films were studied. ATR-FTIR analyses confirmed that the O-butylrylchitosan molecules were covalently bonded onto the surface of natural rubber latex film. The water contact angle value of natural rubber latex film which is about 95o reduces to 55o significantly with the introduction of O-butylrylchitosan. The results indicate that the hydrophilic behaviour of natural rubber latex film has been improved by immobilization of O-butylrylchitosan.

Long-Term Stable Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Based Mixed Matrix Membranes for Ultrafiltration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muayad Al-shaeli ◽  
Stefan J. D. Smith ◽  
Shanxue Jiang ◽  
Huanting Wang ◽  
Kaisong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Matrix Membranes

<p>In this study, novel <a>mixed matrix polyethersulfone (PES) membranes</a> were synthesized by using two different kinds of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), namely UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>. The composite membranes were characterised by SEM, EDX, FTIR, PXRD, water contact angle, porosity, pore size, etc. Membrane performance was investigated by water permeation flux, flux recovery ratio, fouling resistance and anti-fouling performance. The stability test was also conducted for the prepared mixed matrix membranes. A higher reduction in the water contact angle was observed after adding both MOFs to the PES and sulfonated PES membranes compared to pristine PES membranes. An enhancement in membrane performance was observed by embedding the MOF into PES membrane matrix, which may be attributed to the super-hydrophilic porous structure of UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and hydrophilic structure of UiO-66 nanoparticles that could accelerate the exchange rate between solvent and non-solvent during the phase inversion process. By adding the MOFs into PES matrix, the flux recovery ratio was increased greatly (more than 99% for most mixed matrix membranes). The mixed matrix membranes showed higher resistance to protein adsorption compared to pristine PES membranes. After immersing the membranes in water for 3 months, 6 months and 12 months, both MOFs were stable and retained their structure. This study indicates that UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> are great candidates for designing long-term stable mixed matrix membranes with higher anti-fouling performance.</p>

scholarly journals Surface modification of PMMA polymer and its composites with PC61BM fullerene derivative using an atmospheric pressure microwave argon plasma sheet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Sikora ◽  
Dariusz Czylkowski ◽  
Bartosz Hrycak ◽  
Magdalena Moczała-Dusanowska ◽  
Marcin Łapiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Plasma Sheet ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Fullerene Derivative ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Pmma Polymer

AbstractThis paper presents the results of experimental investigations of the plasma surface modification of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer and PMMA composites with a [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester fullerene derivative (PC61BM). An atmospheric pressure microwave (2.45 GHz) argon plasma sheet was used. The experimental parameters were: an argon (Ar) flow rate (up to 20 NL/min), microwave power (up to 530 W), number of plasma scans (up to 3) and, the kind of treated material. In order to assess the plasma effect, the possible changes in the wettability, roughness, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of the plasma-treated samples’ surfaces were evaluated by water contact angle goniometry (WCA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The best result concerning the water contact angle reduction was from 83° to 29.7° for the PMMA material. The ageing studies of the PMMA plasma-modified surface showed long term (100 h) improved wettability. As a result of plasma treating, changes in the samples surface roughness parameters were observed, however their dependence on the number of plasma scans is irregular. The ATR-FTIR spectra of the PMMA plasma-treated surfaces showed only slight changes in comparison with the spectra of an untreated sample. The more significant differences were demonstrated by XPS measurements indicating the surface chemical composition changes after plasma treatment and revealing the oxygen to carbon ratio increase from 0.1 to 0.4.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties and Biocompatibility of Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Nanofibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4764
Author(s):  
Wei Lee Lim ◽  
Shiplu Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Min Hwei Ng ◽  
Jia Xian Law
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Tenogenic Differentiation ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Tissue Grafts

Tissue-engineered substitutes have shown great promise as a potential replacement for current tissue grafts to treat tendon/ligament injury. Herein, we have fabricated aligned polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin (GT) nanofibers and further evaluated their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. PCL and GT were mixed at a ratio of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, 0:100, and electrospun to generate aligned nanofibers. The PCL/GT nanofibers were assessed to determine the diameter, alignment, water contact angle, degradation, and surface chemical analysis. The effects on cells were evaluated through Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell (WJ-MSC) viability, alignment and tenogenic differentiation. The PCL/GT nanofibers were aligned and had a mean fiber diameter within 200–800 nm. Increasing the GT concentration reduced the water contact angle of the nanofibers. GT nanofibers alone degraded fastest, observed only within 2 days. Chemical composition analysis confirmed the presence of PCL and GT in the nanofibers. The WJ-MSCs were aligned and remained viable after 7 days with the PCL/GT nanofibers. Additionally, the PCL/GT nanofibers supported tenogenic differentiation of WJ-MSCs. The fabricated PCL/GT nanofibers have a diameter that closely resembles the native tissue’s collagen fibrils and have good biocompatibility. Thus, our study demonstrated the suitability of PCL/GT nanofibers for tendon/ligament tissue engineering applications.

Osteoconductivity of Superhydrophilic Ti- and Zr-Alloy for Biomedical Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 2524-2527
Author(s):  
Masazumi Okido ◽  
Kensuke Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Hydrophilic Surface ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Zr Alloy ◽  
Zr Alloys

Surface hydrophilicity is considered to have a strong influence on the biological reactions of bone-substituting materials. However, the influence of a hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface on the osteoconductivity is not completely clear. In this study, we produced super-hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface on Ti-and Zr-alloys. Hydrothermal treatment at 180 oC for 180 min. in the distilled water and immersion in x5 PBS(-) brought the super-hydrophilic surface (water contact angle < 10 (deg.)) and heat treatment of as-hydrothermaled the hydrophobic surface. The osteoconductivity of the surface treated samples with several water contact angle was evaluated by in vivo testing. The surface properties, especially water contact angle, strongly affected the osteoconductivity and protein adsorbability, and not the surface substance.

scholarly journals Vertical Orientation of Liquid Crystal on Polystyrene Substituted with n-Alkylbenzoate-p-oxymethyl Pendant Group as a Liquid Crystal Precursor

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Kyutae Seo ◽  
Hyo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Pendant Group ◽  
Polymer Modification ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Water Contact

We synthesized a series of polystyrene derivatives modified with precursors of liquid crystal (LC) molecules via polymer modification reactions. Thereafter, the orientation of the LC molecules on the polymer films, which possess part of the corresponding LC molecular structure, was investigated systematically. The precursors and the corresponding derivatives used in this study include ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (homopolymer P2BO and copolymer P2BO#, where # indicates the molar fraction of ethylbenzoate-p-oxymethyl in the side chain (# = 20, 40, 60, and 80)), n-butyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (P4BO), n-hexyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (P6BO), and n-octyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (P8BO). A stable and uniform vertical orientation of LC molecules was observed in LC cells fabricated with P2BO#, with 40 mol% or more ethylbenzoate-p-oxymethyl side groups. In addition, the LC molecules were oriented vertically in LC cells fabricated with homopolymers of P2BO, P4BO, P6BO, and P8BO. The water contact angle on the polymer films can be associated with the vertical orientation of the LC molecules in the LC cells fabricated with the polymer films. For example, vertical LC orientation was observed when the water contact angle of the polymer films was greater than ~86°. Good orientation stability was observed at 150 °C and with 20 J/cm2 of UV irradiation for LC cells fabricated with the P2BO film.

scholarly journals Facile Fabrication of Multifunctional ZnO Urchins on Surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinash Tripathy ◽  
Patryk Wąsik ◽  
Syama Sreedharan ◽  
Dipankar Nandi ◽  
Oier Bikondoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Growth Step ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Wide Range

Functional ZnO nanostructured surfaces are important in a wide range of applications. Here we report the simple fabrication of ZnO surface structures at near room temperature with morphology resembling that of sea urchins, with densely packed, μm-long, tapered nanoneedles radiating from the urchin center. The ZnO urchin structures were successfully formed on several different substrates with high surface density and coverage, including silicon (Si), glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and copper (Cu) sheets, as well as Si seeded with ZnO nanocrystals. Time-resolved SEM revealed growth kinetics of the ZnO nanostructures on Si, capturing the emergence of “infant” urchins at the early growth stage and subsequent progressive increases in the urchin nanoneedle length and density, whilst the spiky nanoneedle morphology was retained throughout the growth. ε-Zn(OH)2 orthorhombic crystals were also observed alongside the urchins. The crystal structures of the nanostructures at different growth times were confirmed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. On seeded Si substrates, a two-stage growth mechanism was identified, with a primary growth step of vertically aligned ZnO nanoneedle arrays preceding the secondary growth of the urchins atop the nanoneedle array. The antibacterial, anti-reflective, and wetting functionality of the ZnO urchins—with spiky nanoneedles and at high surface density—on Si substrates was demonstrated. First, bacteria colonization was found to be suppressed on the surface after 24 h incubation in gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) culture, in contrast to control substrates (bare Si and Si sputtered with a 20 nm ZnO thin film). Secondly, the ZnO urchin surface, exhibiting superhydrophilic property with a water contact angle ~ 0°, could be rendered superhydrophobic with a simple silanization step, characterized by an apparent water contact angle θ of 159° ± 1.4° and contact angle hysteresis ∆θ < 7°. The dynamic superhydrophobicity of the surface was demonstrated by the bouncing-off of a falling 10 μL water droplet, with a contact time of 15.3 milliseconds (ms), captured using a high-speed camera. Thirdly, it was shown that the presence of dense spiky ZnO nanoneedles and urchins on the seeded Si substrate exhibited a reflectance R < 1% over the wavelength range λ = 200–800 nm. The ZnO urchins with a unique morphology fabricated via a simple route at room temperature, and readily implementable on different substrates, may be further exploited for multifunctional surfaces and product formulations.

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