scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Two Contrasting Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) Rootstocks against Waterlogging Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2586
Author(s):  
Zhi Li ◽  
Danfeng Bai ◽  
Yunpeng Zhong ◽  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
Xiujuan Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Difference ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Rapid Formation ◽  
Actinidia Spp ◽  
Better Than

Rootstocks from Actinidia valvata are much more tolerant to waterlogging stress than those from Actinidia deliciosa, which are commonly used in kiwifruit production. To date, the tolerance mechanism of A. valvata rootstocks’ adaptation to waterlogging stress has not been well explored. In this study, the responses of KR5 (A. valvata) and ‘Hayward’ (A. deliciosa) to waterlogging stress were compared. Results showed that KR5 plants performed much better than ‘Hayward’ during waterlogging by exhibiting higher net photosynthetic rates in leaves, more rapid formation of adventitious roots at the base of stems, and less severe damage to the main root system. In addition to morphological adaptations, metabolic responses of roots including sufficient sucrose reserves, modulated adjustment of fermentative enzymes, avoidance of excess lactic acid and ethanol accumulation, and promoted accumulation of total amino acids all possibly rendered KR5 plants more tolerant to waterlogging stress compared to ‘Hayward’ plants. Lysine contents of roots under waterlogging stress were increased in ‘Hayward’ and decreased in KR5 compared with their corresponding controls. Overall, our results revealed the morphological and metabolic adaptations of two kiwifruit rootstocks to waterlogging stress, which may be responsible for their genotypic difference in waterlogging tolerance.

scholarly journals Waterlogging-Stress-Responsive LncRNAs, Their Regulatory Relationships with MiRNAs and Target Genes in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8197
Author(s):  
Kinga Kęska ◽  
Michał Wojciech Szcześniak ◽  
Adela Adamus ◽  
Małgorzata Czernicka
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Low oxygen level is a phenomenon often occurring during the cucumber cultivation period. Genes involved in adaptations to stress can be regulated by non-coding RNA. The aim was the identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the response to long-term waterlogging stress in two cucumber haploid lines, i.e., DH2 (waterlogging tolerant—WL-T) and DH4 (waterlogging sensitive—WL-S). Plants, at the juvenile stage, were waterlogged for 7 days (non-primed, 1xH), and after a 14-day recovery period, plants were stressed again for another 7 days (primed, 2xH). Roots were collected for high-throughput RNA sequencing. Implementation of the bioinformatic pipeline made it possible to determine specific lncRNAs for non-primed and primed plants of both accessions, highlighting differential responses to hypoxia stress. In total, 3738 lncRNA molecules were identified. The highest number (1476) of unique lncRNAs was determined for non-primed WL-S plants. Seventy-one lncRNAs were depicted as potentially being involved in acquiring tolerance to hypoxia in cucumber. Understanding the mechanism of gene regulation under long-term waterlogging by lncRNAs and their interactions with miRNAs provides sufficient information in terms of adaptation to the oxygen deprivation in cucumber. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of long-term waterlogging tolerance by priming application in cucumber.

scholarly journals Identification and Functional Analysis of ThADH1 and ThADH4 Genes Involved in Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress in Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Lei Xuan ◽  
Jianfeng Hua ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Adh Genes ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Stems And Leaves

The Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ (T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’) [Taxodium mucronatum Tenore × Taxodium distichum (L.). Rich] has an outstanding advantage in flooding tolerance and thus has been widely used in wetland afforestation in China. Alcohol dehydrogenase genes (ADHs) played key roles in ethanol metabolism to maintain energy supply for plants in low-oxygen conditions. Two ADH genes were isolated and characterized—ThADH1 and ThADH4 (GenBank ID: AWL83216 and AWL83217—basing on the transcriptome data of T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ grown under waterlogging stress. Then the functions of these two genes were investigated through transient expression and overexpression. The results showed that the ThADH1 and ThADH4 proteins both fall under ADH III subfamily. ThADH1 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas ThADH4 was only localized in the cytoplasm. The expression of the two genes was stimulated by waterlogging and the expression level in roots was significantly higher than those in stems and leaves. The respective overexpression of ThADH1 and ThADH4 in Populus caused the opposite phenotype, while waterlogging tolerance of the two transgenic Populus significantly improved. Collectively, these results indicated that genes ThADH1 and ThADH4 were involved in the tolerance and adaptation to anaerobic conditions in T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and anatomic profiling reveal germination process of different wheat varieties in response to waterlogging stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwei Shen ◽  
Jingping Yuan ◽  
Hong Qiao ◽  
Zijuan Wang ◽  
Yuanhai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Metabolism Pathway ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glycolysis Pathway ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Abstract Background Waterlogging is one of the most serious abiotic stresses affecting wheat-growing regions in China. There are considerable differences in waterlogging tolerance among different wheat varieties, and the mechanisms governing the waterlogging tolerance of wheat seeds during germination have not been elucidated. Methods To reveal the adaptability of wheat to waterlogging stress during germination, we analysed the germination rate and anatomical structure of three wheat seeds, ‘Zhoumai 22’(ZM22), ‘Bainong 207’(BN207) and ‘Bainong 607’(BN607). At the same time, Illumina sequencing technology was used to determine the transcriptome of these three wheat varieties during germination. Results The results showed that there was no significant difference between the germination rate of BN607 after 3 days of waterlogging treatment and that of the control seeds. However, under waterlogging stress, the degree of emulsification and degradation of endosperm cells was higher than that of the control treatment, and amyloplasts in endosperm were significantly reduced. Transcriptomic data were obtained from seed samples (a total of 18 samples) of three wheat varieties under the waterlogging and control treatments. A total of 2775 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comprehensive analysis. In addition, by analysing the correlation between the expression levels of DEGs and seed germination rates in three wheat varieties under waterlogging stress, it was found that the relative expression levels of 563 and 398 genes were positively and negatively correlated with the germination rate of wheat seeds, respectively. The GO and KEGG analyses found that the difference in waterlogging tolerance of the three wheat varieties was related to the abundance of key genes involved in the glycolysis pathway, the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, and the lactose metabolism pathway. The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene in the endosperm of BN607 was immediately induced after short-term waterlogging, and the energy provided by the glycolysis pathway enabled the seeds of BN607 to germinate as early as possible, while the expression of the AP2/ERF transcription factor was upregulated to further enhance its waterlogging tolerance. Conclusions Taken together, the results of this study help to elucidate the mechanisms by which different wheat varieties respond to waterlogging stress during germination.

The reaction of three spring barley varieties exposed to epidemics of Rhynchosporium secalis of varying intensity and duration

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. D. Rowling ◽  
D. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Better Than

SummaryThree spring barley varieties, Proctor, Vada and Mosanne, were inoculated with Rhynchosporium secalis(Oudem.) J. J. Davies at Growth Stages 3, 7, 10·1 and 10·5 (Large, 1954). The treatments included single inoculation at each growth stage and multiple inoculations at two, three and four of the above growth stages. There was no effect of inoculation oil the number of fertile tillers. Thousand-grain weight was reduced in all seven inoculation treatments in Mosanne but only the quadruple inoculation adversely affected the other two varieties. Numbers of grains of both Mosanne and Vada were reduced by treatments which included an inoculation at ear emergence but Proctor was affected only by the quadruple inoculation. In terms of disease assessment Mosanne was very susceptible and Proctor moderately resistant but Vada, with symptom scores only slightly better than Mosanne, exhibited a degree of tolerance which was reflected by the grain weight results in which small increases were recorded. This tolerance mechanism, possibly acting through compensation in this variety, is compared with compensation reported in wheat.

scholarly journals Opportunities for Improving Waterlogging Tolerance in Cereal Crops—Physiological Traits and Genetic Mechanisms

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1560
Author(s):  
Cen Tong ◽  
Camilla Beate Hill ◽  
Gaofeng Zhou ◽  
Xiao-Qi Zhang ◽  
Yong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Aerenchyma Formation ◽  
Homologous Genes ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Waterlogging occurs when soil is saturated with water, leading to anaerobic conditions in the root zone of plants. Climate change is increasing the frequency of waterlogging events, resulting in considerable crop losses. Plants respond to waterlogging stress by adventitious root growth, aerenchyma formation, energy metabolism, and phytohormone signalling. Genotypes differ in biomass reduction, photosynthesis rate, adventitious roots development, and aerenchyma formation in response to waterlogging. We reviewed the detrimental effects of waterlogging on physiological and genetic mechanisms in four major cereal crops (rice, maize, wheat, and barley). The review covers current knowledge on waterlogging tolerance mechanism, genes, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with waterlogging tolerance-related traits, the conventional and modern breeding methods used in developing waterlogging tolerant germplasm. Lastly, we describe candidate genes controlling waterlogging tolerance identified in model plants Arabidopsis and rice to identify homologous genes in the less waterlogging-tolerant maize, wheat, and barley.

Istanbul at the Threshold: An Evaluation of the Seismic Risk in Istanbul

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob H. Pyper Griffiths ◽  
Ayhan Irfanoglu ◽  
Santiago Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Future Earthquake ◽  
The City ◽  
Better Than

There is no convincing evidence indicating that future ground motion in at least two-thirds of Istanbul, Turkey, shall be less demanding than the ground motions that devastated the city of Düzce, Turkey, in 1999. Comparison of vulnerability indices calibrated for Turkish construction indicates that the structures of the buildings in Istanbul are no better than the structures of buildings in Düzce. On the basis of these arguments, we project that a future earthquake near Istanbul may cause severe damage or collapse approximately quarter of a million buildings. Leaving the vulnerable buildings as they are and organizing for emergency response is not an option for Istanbul.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Barley Transcription Factor HvERF2.11 in Arabidopsis Enhances Plant Waterlogging Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1982
Author(s):  
Haiye Luan ◽  
Baojian Guo ◽  
Huiquan Shen ◽  
Yuhan Pan ◽  
Yi Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Ethylene Responsive Factor ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Do So

Waterlogging stress significantly affects the growth, development, and productivity of crop plants. However, manipulation of gene expression to enhance waterlogging tolerance is very limited. In this study, we identified an ethylene-responsive factor from barley, which was strongly induced by waterlogging stress. This transcription factor named HvERF2.11 was 1158 bp in length and encoded 385 amino acids, and mainly expressed in the adventitious root and seminal root. Overexpression of HvERF2.11 in Arabidopsis led to enhanced tolerance to waterlogging stress. Further analysis of the transgenic plants showed that the expression of AtSOD1, AtPOD1 and AtACO1 increased rapidly, while the same genes did not do so in non-transgenic plants, under waterlogging stress. Activities of antioxidant enzymes and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were also significantly higher in the transgenic plants than in the non-transgenic plants under waterlogging stress. Therefore, these results indicate that HvERF2.11 plays a positive regulatory role in plant waterlogging tolerance through regulation of waterlogging-related genes, improving antioxidant and ADH enzymes activities.

scholarly journals Screening of Soybean Genotypes for Waterlogging Stress Tolerance and Understanding the Physiological Mechanisms

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Khadeja Sultana Sathi ◽  
Abdul Awal Chowdhury Masud ◽  
Maliha Rahman Falguni ◽  
Naznin Ahmed ◽  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Waterlogging is a common form of abiotic stress that severely impedes global soybean production. Targeting this issue, an experiment was carried out at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during August–November 2019 to screen out the waterlogging tolerance and yield performances of selected soybean genotypes. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications consisting of 2 water levels (control and waterlogging) and 12 genotypes (Sohag, BARI Soybean-5, BINAsoybean-1, BINAsoybean-2, BINAsoybean-3, BINAsoybean-5, BINAsoybean-6, SGB-1, SGB-3, SGB-4, SGB-5, and GC-840). On the 15th day after sowing, plants were exposed to waterlogging for 12 days. Waterlogging remarkably declined the growth and yield of all the soybean genotypes compared to control. Reduced plant height, relative water content, above-ground fresh and dry weight, SPAD value, leaf area, number of leaves, branches, pods, seeds pod−1, 100-seed weight, and seed yield plant−1 were observed under waterlogging stress. Conversely, mortality rate and electrolyte leakage were increased under the same condition. The waterlogged plants showed delayed flowering and maturity compared with the control plants. However, among the 12 genotypes, Sohag, BARI Soybean-5, GC-840, BINAsoybean-1, and BINAsoybean-2 showed better waterlogging tolerance. These genotypes showed a greater number of adventitious roots in the base of their stem, which probably helped plants to thrive under waterlogging conditions.

scholarly journals Quantitative Proteomics and Relative Enzymatic Activities Reveal Different Mechanisms in Two Peanut Cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) Under Waterlogging Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengwang Liu ◽  
Jian Zhan ◽  
Zinan Luo ◽  
Ningbo Zeng ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Malate Metabolism

Peanut is an important oil and economic crop in China. The rainy season (April–June) in the downstream Yangtze River in China always leads to waterlogging, which seriously affects plant growth and development. Therefore, understanding the metabolic mechanisms under waterlogging stress is important for future waterlogging tolerance breeding in peanut. In this study, waterlogging treatment was carried out in two different peanut cultivars [Zhonghua 4 (ZH4) and Xianghua08 (XH08)] with different waterlogging tolerance. The data-independent acquisition (DIA) technique was used to quantitatively identify the differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) between two different cultivars. Meanwhile, the functions of DAPs were predicted, and the interactions between the hub DAPs were analyzed. As a result, a total of 6,441 DAPs were identified in ZH4 and its control, of which 49 and 88 DAPs were upregulated and downregulated under waterlogging stress, respectively, while in XH08, a total of 6,285 DAPs were identified, including 123 upregulated and 114 downregulated proteins, respectively. The hub DAPs unique to the waterlogging-tolerant cultivar XH08 were related to malate metabolism and synthesis, and the utilization of the glyoxylic acid cycle, such as L-lactate dehydrogenase, NAD+-dependent malic enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. In agreement with the DIA results, the alcohol dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities in XH08 were more active than ZH4 under waterlogging stress, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in XH08 was prolonged, suggesting that XH08 could better tolerate waterlogging stress by using various carbon sources to obtain energy, such as enhancing the activity of anaerobic respiration enzymes, catalyzing malate metabolism and the glyoxylic acid cycle, and thus alleviating the accumulation of toxic substances. This study provides insight into the mechanisms in response to waterlogging stress in peanuts and lays a foundation for future molecular breeding targeting in the improvement of peanut waterlogging tolerance, especially in rainy area, and will enhance the sustainable development in the entire peanut industry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document