scholarly journals Estrogens and Androgens in Plants: The Last 20 Years of Studies

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2783
Author(s):  
Anna Janeczko
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Made In

Although the only known steroid hormones in plants are brassinosteroids, interestingly, mammalian steroid hormones such as androgens or estrogens are also part of the plant metabolic profile. This presented review is focused on the progress that has been made in this matter during the last two decades. The presence of testosterone, 17β-estradiol, and other androgens/estrogens in plants (particularly those that can be measured using more advanced techniques) is described. The physiological activity of androgens and estrogens, especially in plants’ stress response, are discussed, together with some possible mechanisms of their action. The current knowledge indicates that although androgens and estrogens do not have the status of hormones in plants, they are physiologically active and can serve as regulators that support the activity of classic hormones in (1) regulating the various processes connected with plant growth and development and (2) the interaction of plants with their environment.

NEW TAXA IN PAPHIA AND DIMORPHANTHERA (ERICACEAE) IN PAPUASIA AND THE PROBLEM OF GENERIC LIMITS IN VACCINIEAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. STEVENS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sw Pacific ◽  
The Status ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Made In

New species of Ericaceae recently collected in Papua New Guinea necessitate a re-evaluation of the status of Agapetes subgenus Paphia section Paphia. The combination of molecular and morphological data confirms that Agapetes, currently a genus of about 100 species from Fiji, New Caledonia and Queensland to mainland SE Asia, and most diverse in the latter area, cannot be maintained in its current circumscription. Various taxonomic solutions that do justice to our current knowledge of the morphology and relationships of the two main parts of the genus are discussed. The reinstatement of Paphia does least violence nomenclaturally. All 23 taxa recognized in Paphia are listed, 14 new combinations of Agapetes from the New Guinea–SW Pacific area are made in Paphia, three new species are described (P. megaphylla, P. vulcanicola and P. woodsii), and an incompletely known taxon is characterized. A key to all taxa is presented. In Dimorphanthera, five new species are described (D. angiliensis, D. anomala, D. antennifera, D. cratericola and D. inopinata), three reduced to synonymy, one reduced to a variety and one variety recognized as a species (D. continua). A key to the 87 taxa currently recognized in the genus is presented.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification, genomic organization, and expression profiling of the CONSTANS-like (COL) gene family in petunia under multiple stresses

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadiza Khatun ◽  
Sourav Debnath ◽  
Arif Hasan Khan Robin ◽  
Antt Htet Wai ◽  
Ujjal Kumar Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Background CONSTANS-like (CO-like, COL) are putative zinc-finger transcription factors known to play vital role in various plant biological processes such as control of flowering time, regulation of plant growth and development and responses to stresses. However, no systematic analysis of COL family gene regarding the plant development and stress response has been previously performed in any solanaceous crop. In the present study, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of COL family genes in petunia has been conducted to figure out their roles in development of organs and stress response. Results A total of 33 COL genes, 15 PaCOL genes in P. axillaris and 18 PiCOL genes in P. inflata, were identified in petunia. Subsequently, a genome-wide systematic analysis was performed in 15 PaCOL genes. Considering the domain composition and sequence similarity the 15 PaCOL and 18 PiCOL genes were phylogenetically classified into three groups those are conserved among the flowering plants. Moreover, all of the 15 PaCOL proteins were localized in nucleus. Furthermore, differential expression patterns of PaCOL genes were observed at different developmental stages of petunia. Additionally, transcript expression of 15 PaCOL genes under various abiotic and phytohormone treatments showed their response against stresses. Moreover, several cis-elements related to stress, light-responsive, hormone signaling were also detected in different PaCOL genes. Conclusion The phylogenetic clustering, organ specific expression pattern and stress responsive expression profile of conserved petunia COL genes indicating their involvement in plant growth and development and stress response mechanism. This work provide a significant foundation for understanding the biological roles of petunia COL genes in plant growth, development and in stress response.

scholarly journals The Ubiquitin Proteasome System as a Double Agent in Plant-Virus Interactions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 928
Author(s):  
Ullrich Dubiella ◽  
Irene Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Double Agent ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Made In

The ubiquitin proteasome is a rapid, adaptive mechanism for selective protein degradation, crucial for proper plant growth and development. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has also been shown to be an integral part of plant responses to stresses, including plant defence against pathogens. Recently, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the involvement of the UPS in the signalling and regulation of the interaction between plants and viruses. This review aims to discuss the current knowledge about the response of plant viral infection by the UPS and how the viruses counteract this system, or even use it for their own benefit.

scholarly journals S1-bZIP Transcription Factors Play Important Roles in the Regulation of Fruit Quality and Stress Response

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Yunting Zhang ◽  
Ayla Norris ◽  
Cai-Zhong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Plant Growth And Development

Sugar metabolism not only determines fruit sweetness and quality but also acts as signaling molecules to substantially connect with other primary metabolic processes and, therefore, modulates plant growth and development, fruit ripening, and stress response. The basic region/leucine zipper motif (bZIP) transcription factor family is ubiquitous in eukaryotes and plays a diverse array of biological functions in plants. Among the bZIP family members, the smallest bZIP subgroup, S1-bZIP, is a unique one, due to the conserved upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5′ leader region of their mRNA. The translated small peptides from these uORFs are suggested to mediate Sucrose-Induced Repression of Translation (SIRT), an important mechanism to maintain sucrose homeostasis in plants. Here, we review recent research on the evolution, sequence features, and biological functions of this bZIP subgroup. S1-bZIPs play important roles in fruit quality, abiotic and biotic stress responses, plant growth and development, and other metabolite biosynthesis by acting as signaling hubs through dimerization with the subgroup C-bZIPs and other cofactors like SnRK1 to coordinate the expression of downstream genes. Direction for further research and genetic engineering of S1-bZIPs in plants is suggested for the improvement of quality and safety traits of fruit.

scholarly journals Research Progress of PPR Proteins in RNA Editing, Stress Response, Plant Growth and Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengfei Qin ◽  
Pei Zhao ◽  
Jialiang Sun ◽  
Yuping Zhao ◽  
Yaxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rna Editing ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Ppr Proteins

RNA editing is a posttranscriptional phenomenon that includes gene processing and modification at specific nucleotide sites. RNA editing mainly occurs in the genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts in higher plants. In recent years, pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, which may act as trans-acting factors of RNA editing have been identified, and the study of PPR proteins has become a research focus in molecular biology. The molecular functions of these proteins and their physiological roles throughout plant growth and development are widely studied. In this minireview, we summarize the current knowledge of the PPR family, hoping to provide some theoretical reference for future research and applications.

scholarly journals Novel Aspects of Nitrate Regulation in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Fan ◽  
Shuxuan Quan ◽  
Shengdong Qi ◽  
Na Xu ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
General Picture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Made In

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most essential macronutrients for plant growth and development. Nitrate (NO3–), the major form of N that plants uptake from the soil, acts as an important signaling molecule in addition to its nutritional function. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in identifying new components involved in NO3– regulation and starting to unravel the NO3– regulatory network. Great reviews have been made recently by scientists on the key regulators in NO3– signaling, NO3– effects on plant development, and its crosstalk with phosphorus (P), potassium (K), hormones, and calcium signaling. However, several novel aspects of NO3– regulation have not been previously reviewed in detail. Here, we mainly focused on the recent advances of post-transcriptional regulation and non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) in NO3– signaling, and NO3– regulation on leaf senescence and the circadian clock. It will help us to extend the general picture of NO3– regulation and provide a basis for further exploration of NO3– regulatory network.

Dwarfism and cytochrome P450-mediated C-6 oxidation of plant steroid hormones

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bishop ◽  
T. Nomura ◽  
T. Yokota ◽  
T. Montoya ◽  
J. Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Enzymatic Function

BRs (brassinosteroids) are plant steroid hormones that are essential for normal plant development. The dramatic dwarfism exhibited by mutants in the CYP (cytochrome P450) enzymes involved in BR biosynthesis indicates a role for these hormones in plant growth and development. Since the mid-1990s, collaborative research has been geared towards developing a better understanding of the CYP85 class of CYPs involved in BR biosynthesis in both Arabidopsis and tomato. Some of the most recent observations include the fact that certain CYP85 CYPs catalyse the synthesis of the most bioactive BR, BL (brassinolide). Current evidence suggests that evolution of this function may have occurred independently in different dicotyledonous species. Interestingly, BL accumulates in tomato fruits, highlighting a key role for this hormone in fruit development. At the same time as developing a better understanding of the enzymatic function of these CYPs, we have also carried out experiments towards characterizing where and when these genes are expressed and mechanisms of their regulation. As expected for a hormone involved in growth and development, biosynthetic gene promoter activity is associated with young rapidly growing cells and with fruit development.

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