scholarly journals Quercetin Mediated Salt Tolerance in Tomato through the Enhancement of Plant Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin ◽  
Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Bhuyan ◽  
Mohsin ◽  
Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Ionic Toxicity

Quercetin (Qu) is a strong antioxidant among the phenolic compounds having physiological and biochemical roles in plants. Hence, we have studied the Qu evolved protection against salinity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Salinity caused ionic toxicity by increasing Na+ content in seedlings along with nutritional starvation of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. While osmotic stress was detected by higher free proline (Pro) content and lower leaf relative water content (LRWC) in salt-stressed seedlings. Salt toxicity also induced higher H2O2 generation, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity as a sign of oxidative stress. Tomato seedlings suffered from methylglyoxal (MG) toxicity, degradation of chlorophyll, along with lower biomass accumulation and growth due to salt exposure. However, Qu application under salinity resulted in lower Na+/K+ due to reduced Na+ content, higher LRWC, increased Pro, and reduction of H2O2 and MDA content, and LOX activity, which indicated alleviation of ionic, osmotic, and oxidative stress respectively. Quercetin caused oxidative stress, lessening through the strengthening of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In addition, Qu increased glutathione S-transferase activity in salt-invaded seedlings, which might be stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging along with higher GSH content. As a result, toxic MG was detoxified in Qu supplemented salt-stressed seedlings by increasing both Gly I and Gly II activities. Moreover, Qu insisted on better plant growth and photosynthetic pigments synthesis in saline or without saline media. Therefore, exogenous applied Qu may become an important actor to minimize salt-induced toxicity in crops.

scholarly journals Supplemental Selenium and Boron Mitigate Salt-Induced Oxidative Damages in Glycine max L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2224
Author(s):  
Mira Rahman ◽  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Khadeja Sultana Sathi ◽  
Md. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
H2o2 Content ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Different Levels

The present investigation was executed with an aim to evaluate the role of exogenous selenium (Se) and boron (B) in mitigating different levels of salt stress by enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in soybean. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mM NaCl at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Foliar application of Se (50 µM Na2SeO4) and B (1 mM H3BO3) was accomplished individually and in combined (Se+B) at three-day intervals, at 16, 20, 24 and 28 DAS under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the growth parameters. In salt-treated plants, proline content and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were increased with the increment of salt concentration but the relative water content decreased. Due to salt stress catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activity decreased. However, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) increased under salt stress. On the contrary, supplementation of Se, B and Se+B enhanced the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, CAT, GPX, GST, POD, Gly I and Gly II which consequently diminished the H2O2 content and MDA content under salt stress, and also improved the growth parameters. The results reflected that exogenous Se, B and Se+B enhanced the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system as well as the glyoxalase systems under different levels of salt stress, ultimately alleviated the salt-induced oxidative stress, among them Se+B was more effective than a single treatment.

scholarly journals Antioxidants in erythrocytes in aging and dementia

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Kosenko ◽  
L.A. Tikhonova ◽  
A.C. Poghosyan ◽  
Y.G. Kaminsky
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Organic Hydroperoxides

Age of patients and brain oxidative stress may contribute to pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) are considered as passive “reporter cells” for the oxidative status of the whole organism and are not well studied in AD. The aim of this work was to assess whether the antioxidant status of RBC changes in aging and AD. Blood was taken from AD and non-Alzheimer's dementia patients, aged-matched and younger controls. In vivo antioxidant status was assessed in each of the study subjects by measuring RBC levels of Н О , organic hydroperoxides, glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In both aging and dementia, oxidative stress in RBC was shown to increase and to be expressed in elevated concentrations of H O and organic hydroperoxides, decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio and glutathione S-transferase activity. Decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in RBC may be considered as a new peripheral marker for Alzheimer’s disease while alterations of other parameters of oxidative stress reflect age-related events.

scholarly journals Antioxidant potential of Carica papaya Linn (Caricaceae) leaf extract in mice with cyclophosphamide induced oxidative stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. e34702
Author(s):  
Tatiane Cordeiro Luiz ◽  
Ana Paula Simões Da Cunha ◽  
Danilo Henrique Aguiar ◽  
Marina Mariko Sugui ◽  
Rogério de Campos Bicudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Red Cell Count ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the effects of crude extract of Carica papaya leaves on oxidative stress in mice induced by cyclophosphamide, as well as phytochemical profile characterization of this extract.METHODS: The male Swiss mice received 15 days of treatment with the extract (500 mg kg-1, via gavage) and intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (75 mg kg-1) or saline (0.9%) on the 15th day. After 24 h the last treatment, the animals were anesthetized for blood withdrawal, sacrificed and removal of the organs for analyses (liver, kidney and heart). In the biochemical tests were determined: hematological parameters in blood, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, glucose and total cholesterol dosages in plasma, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid damage marker were evaluated in different tissues, besides genotoxic and histopathological analyzes.RESULTS: In the extract of Carica papaya leaves, the flavonoids quercetin-3β-D-glucoside and rutin were identified, besides present positive results for alkaloids, saponins and tannins. This extract increased the activity of glutathione-S-transferase and catalase enzymes in the liver and reduced the levels of reduced glutathione in the kidneys and hematocrit levels, red cell count, and hemoglobin. It promoted the decrease of the reactive species of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) in the kidneys and the activity of enzyme aspartate aminotransferase in the plasma and was antimutagenic in the micronucleus test.CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that extract of Carica papaya was beneficial against oxidative events and prevented DNA damage. The extract also showed hepatotoxicity, therefore prolonged infusion of papaya leaves is not advisable.

Influence of flavonoid extracts from celery on oxidative stress induced by dichlorvos in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Cao ◽  
X Zhang ◽  
Q Wang ◽  
L Jia ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Gpx Activity

The present work was to investigate the effects of flavonoid extracts from celery on oxidative stress induced by dichlorvos (DIC) in male Wistar rats maintained on a normal diet. The rats were given DIC through intragastric administration by the dose of 7.2 mg/kg·body weight (bw)/day and additionally added 5% flavonoid extracts to the diet for 4 weeks continuously. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione- S-transferase (GST) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in livers of rats were measured at the end of the experiment. Under the influence of DIC, there were significant decrease in the activities of SOD, CAT and GST and significant increase in GPx activity and MDA content. The results also showed that the activities of SOD, GST and CAT in the DIC-treated group declined significantly when compared with the flavonoid extracts group and the DIC + flavonoid extracts group, respectively. With regard to GPx activity and MDA content, significant increase were showed in the DIC-treated group in comparison to those in the flavonoid extracts group and the DIC + flavonoid extracts group, respectively. The observations presented lead us to conclude the harmful effects of DIC during the exposure and the protective role of flavonoids in minimizing these effects.

scholarly journals ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НОВІТНЬОГО ІНТЕГРАЛЬНОГО ІНДЕКСУ ОКИСНОГО СТРЕСУ В ОЦІНЦІ ВПЛИВУ ДОВКІЛЛЯ НА ПРІСНОВОДНИХ МОЛЮСКІВ

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
O. B. Stoliar ◽  
L. L. Gnatyshyna ◽  
V. V. Khoma ◽  
G. H. Springe
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Cooling Pond ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
Freshwater Mollusks

The adverse environmental impacts cause the oxidative stress responsein the aquatic animals. However, depending on the severity and duration of impact, this response can be highly different. The aim of this study was the analysis of available results of the evaluation of antioxidant activities in the freshwater mollusks in the sense of the successfulness of the oxidative stress response. The recently proposed integrative index ‘Preparation to the oxidative stress’ (POS) was applied. Three populations of bivalve mollusks from the basin of the river Dniester were compared during three seasons, and in their ability to withstand heating (25o C and 30o C during 14 days) and exposure to ionizing radiation (14 days after the acute exposure to 2 mGy). The musselswere sampled in the low disturbed pristine site, highly polluted agricultural region and the cooling pond of the nuclear power plant with the constantly elevated temperature. The parameters for the calculation of POS included superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, glutathione S-transferase activity, glutathione concentration, and metallothionein (from its thiol groups) concentration. The values were calculated as the magnitude of change (as % change) in comparison to the corresponding control (less disturbed field group or non-exposed group). Three criteria for POS were applied. The number of the positive and negative changes and their limits were indicated. The analysis have shown that the POS responses were in the limits of adaptive ability in all studied cases. However, the results of POS calculation allowed the distinguishing of the responses that arerealized in the field and experimental exposures of mollusks.The most distinct responses were shown for the glutathione (mainly positive changes) whereas the metalothionein level was mainly oppressed, particularly under the heating. The depressive direction was estimated in the cases of extreme temperatures, irradiation and, mainly for the mollusks from the highly polluted sites. The key importance of POS as a survival strategy of the mussels exposed to adverse impact depending on the life historyis evident.

scholarly journals Canavanine Increases the Content of Phenolic Compounds in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Roots

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Pawel Staszek ◽  
Urszula Krasuska ◽  
Magdalena Bederska-Błaszczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Gniazdowska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidases ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Canavanine (CAN) is a nonproteinogenic amino acid, and its toxicity comes from its utilization instead of arginine in many cellular processes. As presented in previous experiments, supplementation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with CAN led to decreased nitric oxide (NO) level and induced secondary oxidative stress. CAN improved total antioxidant capacity in roots, with parallel inhibition of enzymatic antioxidants. The aim of this work was to determine how CAN-dependent limitation of NO emission and reactive oxygen species overproduction impact content, localization, and metabolism of phenolic compounds (PCs) in tomato roots. Tomato seedlings were fed with CAN (10 and 50 µM) for 24 or 72 h. Inhibition of root growth due to CAN supplementation correlated with increased concentration of total PCs; CAN (50 µM) led to the homogeneous accumulation of PCs all over the roots. CAN increased also flavonoids content in root tips. The activity of polyphenol oxidases and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase increased only after prolonged treatment with 50 µM CAN, while expressions of genes encoding these enzymes were modified variously, irrespectively of CAN dosage and duration of the culture. PCs act as the important elements of the cellular antioxidant system under oxidative stress induced by CAN.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Sulfamethoxazole and Erythromycin on a Freshwater Microalga, Raphidocelis subcapitata: Toxicity and Oxidative Stress

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Yibo Zhang ◽  
Da He ◽  
Fang Chang ◽  
Chenyuan Dang ◽  
Jie Fu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Nonenzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations

This study investigated the environmental effects of two familiar emerging contaminants, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and erythromycin (ERY), and their mixture (10:1 w/w) using a green microalga, R. subcapitata. The cell density, pigment content, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were analyzed. The calculated EC50 values of SMX, ERY, and their mixture after 96 h were 0.49, 0.044, and 0.06 mg/L, respectively. High concentrations of antibiotics lead to a decrease in chlorophyll a and total carotenoid content, affecting the ability to photosynthesize ROS scavenging capacity. This may be a factor leading to the inhibition of algal growth. When R. subcapitata was exposed to SMX and the mixture, SOD and CAT increased to resist oxidative damage, while the activities of GSH and GST decreased, suggesting that this algae’s antioxidant system was unbalanced due to oxidative stress. R. subcapitata reduced the ERY-induced ROS by increasing the activities of SOD, GSH, and GST. The difference in the contents of nonenzymatic antioxidants and enzyme antioxidants in R. subcapitata indicated the antioxidant mechanisms to SMX and ERY were not identical. This study provides insights into the oxidative stress process in R. subcapitata under different antibiotics.

scholarly journals Toxicity of representative mixture of five rare earth elements in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Hanana ◽  
Christine Kleinert ◽  
François Gagné
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Ammonia Metabolism ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout

AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) are contaminants of increasing interest due to intense mining activities for commercial purposes and ultimately released in the environment. We exposed juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to a representative mixture of the five most abundant REEs for 96 h at concentrations similar found in lakes contaminated by mining activities at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100X whereas the 1x mixture contained cerium (Ce, 280 μg/L), lanthanum (La, 140 μg/L), neodymium (Nd, 120 μg/L), praseodymium (Pr, 28 μg/L), and samarium (Sm, 23 μg/L). We investigated the expression of 14 genes involved in oxidative stress, DNA repair, tissue growth/proliferation, protein chaperoning, xenobiotic biotransformation, and ammonia metabolism in the liver. In addition, DNA damage, oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation or LPO), inflammation (cyclooxygenase or COX activity), detoxification mechanisms (glutathione-S-transferase activity or GST), and labile zinc were determined in gills. The data revealed that genes involved in oxidative stress-catalase (cat), heat shock proteins 70 (hsp70), and glutamate dehydrogenase (glud) were upregulated while glutathione S-transferase (gst) and metallothionein (mt) gene expressions were downregulated. The mixture was genotoxic and increased labile Zn in gills of exposed trout. These changes occurred at concentrations 600 times lower than the LC50 for this mixture indicating effects below the 1X concentration. Based on principal component analysis and concentration-dependent reponses, the following sublethal effects were considered the most important/significant: DNA strand breaks (genotoxicity), labile Zn, cat, gst, hsp70, sparc, mt, and glud. These effects of fish juveniles are likely to occur in environments under the influence of mining activities.

scholarly journals Extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. Berries Prevents Cadmium-induced Oxidative Stress in the Liver: a Study in a Rat Model of Low-level and Moderate Lifetime Human Exposure to this Toxic Metal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Mężyńska ◽  
Małgorzata M. Brzóska ◽  
Joanna Rogalska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidative Status ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Total Antioxidative Status

The study investigated, in a rat model of low-level and moderate environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd; 1 or 5 mg Cd/kg diet, respectively, for 3-24 months), whether the co-administration of 0.1% extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. berries (AE) may protect against oxidative stress in the liver. The intoxication with Cd, dose- and duration-dependently, weakened the enzymatic antioxidative barrier (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase), decreased the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione and total thiol groups), and increased the concentrations of oxidized glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, xanthine oxidase, and myeloperoxidase in this organ. These resulted in a decrease in the total antioxidative status (TAS), an increase in the total oxidative status (TOS), and development of oxidative stress in the liver (evaluated based on the index of oxidative stress calculated as the ratio of TOS and TAS). The administration of AE at both levels of Cd treatment significantly improved the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative barrier, decreased the concentration of pro-oxidants, and protected from the development of oxidative stress in the liver. In conclusion, consumption of aronia products may prevent Cd-induced destroying the oxidative/antioxidative balance and development of oxidative stress in the liver protecting against this organ damage.

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