scholarly journals Biochemical Analysis of Organic Acids and Soluble Sugars in Wild and Cultivated Pomegranate Germplasm Based in Pakistan

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nafees ◽  
Muhammad Jafar Jaskani ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad ◽  
Maryam ◽  
Irfan Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Biochemical Constituent

Pomegranate is famous for its health benefiting chemical and biochemical constituent compounds. The present study was undertaken to characterize pomegranate germplasm for its various fruit traits, acids, and sugar profiling through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Among 11 detected acids and 8 sugars, citric acid and fructose were predominant in 18 domestic and 5 wild genotypes, respectively. Fruit weight, aril weight and wood portion index (WPI) were ranged from 15.82% to 24.42%, 10.99% to 113.78%, and 2.39% to 17.25%, respectively. Genotypes were grouped as sweet, sweet–sour, sour–sweet, and sour based on citric acid contents. Lactic acid and pyruvic acid showed the highest correlation (r = 0.92), however, sour and sweet genotypes had strong association for acids and sugars, respectively. Straddling of dendrogram showed the flow of genetic material in a cultivated location with wild and cultivated pomegranates grouped in different classes, however, wild and sour landraces grouped in the same class with 71% similarity of traits. Based on the observations of the current study, it was concluded that selected wild and arid zones (Multan, Bahawalpur) genotypes are poor in nutrients (acid and sugars) quality, however, genotypes of Rahim-Yar-Khan, Muzafar Garh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have a better composition of sugars and acids.

scholarly journals Fruit Physiology and Sugar-Acid Profile of 24 Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) Cultivars Grown in Subtropical Region of China

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2393
Author(s):  
Tengfei Pan ◽  
Muhammad Moaaz Ali ◽  
Jiangmei Gong ◽  
Wenqin She ◽  
Dongming Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Aconitic Acid

In the present study, the fruit physiology and sugar-acid ratio of 24 pomelo cultivars grown in ten different locations of the subtropical region of China were measured. The contents of soluble sugars and organic acids were quantified using high-performance (HPLC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), respectively. The results revealed that the physiological and basic quality attributes of 24 pomelo cultivars, including fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length, peel thickness, number of segments, pulp weight, pulp color, soluble solids, and Vitamin C, ranged between 264.63–1945.85 g, 8.60–19.56 g, 7.40–20.70 g, 0.46–3.33 mm, 11–18.66, 210.25–1351.66 g, 8.59–15.14 Brix°, and 34.79–84.58 mg/100 g, respectively. Soluble sugars, i.e., fructose, glucose, and sucrose, ranged between 16.25–24.25, 16.17–24.22, and 19.90–55.28 mg/g, respectively. Similarly, Organic acids, i.e., pyruvate, fumaric acids, succinic acid, tartaric acid, quinic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and cis-aconitic acid, in 24 pomelo cultivars ranged between 0.48–1.84, 0.02–0.45, 0–0.05, 0.01–0.1, 0–0.14, 3.01–11.85, 0.18–1.42, and 0.01–0.16 mg/g, respectively. The pomelo cultivars ‘Hongzuanmi’, ‘Minihong’, and ‘Hangwanmi’ exhibited maximum contents of citric acid and pyruvate and showed ultimately excessive organic acids. Overall, the ‘Guanximi’ and its budding cultivars, i.e., ‘Hongroumi’, ‘Huangjinmi’, and ‘Sanhongmi’, had the best quality fruits having maximum sugar-acid ratio. Correlation analysis showed that total soluble sugars had a significantly positive correlation with sucrose contents, while citric acids, malic acid, and pyruvate were positively correlated with total organic acids. The determined sugar-acid profile of pomelo cultivars provides the basis for future elucidation of key mechanisms regulating sugars and acids biosynthesis in pomelo.

scholarly journals Proteomic analysis of haem-binding protein from Arabidopsis thaliana and Cyanidioschyzon merolae

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1801) ◽  
pp. 20190488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Shimizu ◽  
Rintaro Yasuda ◽  
Yui Mukai ◽  
Ryo Tanoue ◽  
Tomohiro Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Cyanidioschyzon Merolae ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Retrograde Signalling ◽  
Coordinated Expression ◽  
Retrograde Signal ◽  
Affinity Beads

Chloroplast biogenesis involves the coordinated expression of the plastid and nuclear genomes, requiring information to be sent from the nucleus to the developing chloroplasts and vice versa. Although it is well known how the nucleus controls chloroplast development, it is still poorly understood how the plastid communicates with the nucleus. Currently, haem is proposed as a plastid-to-nucleus (retrograde) signal that is involved in various physiological regulations, such as photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes expression and cell cycle in plants and algae. However, components that transduce haem-dependent signalling are still unidentified. In this study, by using haem-immobilized high-performance affinity beads, we performed proteomic analysis of haem-binding proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana and Cyanidioschyzon merolae . Most of the identified proteins were non-canonical haemoproteins localized in various organelles. Interestingly, half of the identified proteins were nucleus proteins, some of them have a similar function or localization in either or both organisms. Following biochemical analysis of selective proteins demonstrated haem binding. This study firstly demonstrates that nucleus proteins in plant and algae show haem-binding properties. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’.

scholarly journals Diversity of capsaicin content, quantitative, and yield components in chili (Capsicum annuum) genotypes and their F1 hybrid

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfikar D Sahid ◽  
MUHAMAD SYUKUR ◽  
AWANG MAHARIJAYA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Quantitative Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract. Sahid ZD, Syukur M, Maharijaya A. 2020. Genetic diversity of capsaicin content, quantitative, and yield component in chili (Capsicum annuum) and their F1 hybrid. Biodiversitas 21: 2251-2257. Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the horticultural plants that have many benefits. The benefit of chili was determined by pungency level of its fruit. Pungency level of the chili is due to the capsaicin content in fruit. Information about the genetic diversity of capsaicin is still rarely available. The aims of this study were to obtain diversity information on quantitative, yield component, and capsaicin content, and to analyze the correlation among chili genotypes based on their morphological characters. This study used Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The genetic material used in this study consisted of 21 genotypes consisting of 6 genotypes of chili elders and 15 hybrid F1 genotypes resulting from their crossing. Six genotypes of the chili parents are C5, F6074, F9160291, Yuni, Bara, and Giant. 15 hybrid F1 genotypes used in this study are C5 x Bara, C5 x F6074, C5 x Yuni, C5 x Giant, C5 x F9160291, Bara x F6074, Bara x Yuni, Bara x Giant, Bara x F9160291, F6074 x Yuni, F6074 x Giant, F6074 x F9160291, Yuni x Giant, Yuni x F9160291, and Giant x F9160291. The observation was made on the variables of quantitative, yield, and capsaicin components on chili. The results showed that the highest capsaicin content only was found in Bara x F9160291. The results of scatterplot analysis showed that the highest capsaicin and yield component was found in BaraxF6074 and C5 x Yuni genotype. The results of cluster analysis showed that chili was clustered into three color groups. The character of capsaicin content is negatively correlated and very different from fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, thick fruit flesh, total amount of fruit per plant, and fruit weight per plant.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Variation in Fruit Morphology among Provenances ofSclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idah Mkwezalamba ◽  
Chimuleke R. Y. Munthali ◽  
Edward Missanjo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Selection Of

Sclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst. is a multipurpose fruit tree which is very useful in providing food security and meeting nutritional and economic needs. This study was conducted to assess eighteen provenances ofSclerocarya birreaplanted in Mangochi, Malawi. The trial was assessed for fruit traits at fifteen years of age. There were significant (P<0.001) variations among the provenances in number of fruits, fruit weight, pulp weight, seed weight, fruit length, and diameter. Magunde provenance from Mozambique had the highest mean number of fruits, 2196 ± 200. Mangochi and Moamba provenances from Malawi and Mozambique were the most outstanding in the other parameters measured attaining the mean fruit weight of 20.89 ± 0.25 g and 25.67 ± 0.67 g, pulp weight of 25.70 ± 0.08 g and 21.55 ± 0.83 g, seed weight of 4.81 ± 0.35 g and 4.12 ± 0.18 g, fruit length of 2.61 ± 0.14 cm and 2.33 ± 0.07 cm, and fruit diameter of 2.33 ± 0.15 cm and 1.97 ± 0.08 cm, respectively. There was no significant (P>0.05) correlation between number of fruits and the other fruit traits. However, there were significant (P<0.05) and strong positive relationships between fruit weight and pulp weight (r=0.987) and fruit length and diameter (r=0.775). This suggests that fruit weight can be used indirectly for selection of pulp. Further studies should investigate fruit taste quality of products from the fruits.

Desiccation tolerance in relation to soluble sugar contents in seeds of ten coffee (CoffeaL.) species

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Chabrillange ◽  
Stéphane Dussert ◽  
Florent Engelmann ◽  
Sylvie Doulbeau ◽  
Serge Hamon
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Desiccation ◽  
Desiccation Sensitivity ◽  
Coffee Species

AbstractLarge differences in seed desiccation sensitivity have been observed previously among ten coffee species (Coffea arabica, C. brevipes, C. canephora, C. eugenioides, C. humilis, C. liberica, C. pocsii, C. pseudo-zanguebariae, C. sessiliflora and C.stenophylla). Of these species,C. libericaandC. humiliswere the most sensitive to desiccation andC. pseudozanguebariaethe most tolerant. A study was carried out using the same seed lots to investigate if these differences in desiccation tolerance could be correlated with differences in soluble sugar content. Soluble sugars were extracted from dry seeds and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography. The seed monosaccharide (glucose and fructose) content was very low (1.5 to 2 mg g-1dry weight [dw]) in all species studied. The sucrose content ranged from 33 mg g-1dw inC. libericaseeds to 89 mg g-1dw in seeds ofC. pocsii. Raffinose was detected in the seeds of only five species (C.arabica, C.brevipes, C.humilis, C.sessiliflora, C.stenophylla), among which only three species (C.arabica, C.sessilifloraandC.brevipes) also contained stachyose. Both raffinose and stachyose were present in very low quantities (0.3–1.4 mg g-1dw and 0.1–0.7 mg g-1dw, respectively). Verbascose was never detected. No significant relationship was found between seed desiccation sensitivity and: (i) the sugar content; (ii) the presence/absence of oligosaccharides; and (iii) the oligosaccharide:sucrose ratio.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association study identifies QTL for eight fruit traits in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minkyung Kim ◽  
Thuy Tien Phan Nguyen ◽  
Joon-Hyung Ahn ◽  
Gi-Jun Kim ◽  
Sung-Chur Sim
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Genome Wide

AbstractGenome-wide association study (GWAS) is effective in identifying favorable alleles for traits of interest with high mapping resolution in crop species. In this study, we conducted GWAS to explore quantitative trait loci (QTL) for eight fruit traits using 162 tomato accessions with diverse genetic backgrounds. The eight traits included fruit weight, fruit width, fruit height, fruit shape index, pericarp thickness, locule number, fruit firmness, and brix. Phenotypic variations of these traits in the tomato collection were evaluated with three replicates in field trials over three years. We filtered 34,550 confident SNPs from the 51 K Axiom® tomato array based on < 10% of missing data and > 5% of minor allele frequency for association analysis. The 162 tomato accessions were divided into seven clusters and their membership coefficients were used to account for population structure along with a kinship matrix. To identify marker-trait associations (MTAs), four phenotypic data sets representing each of three years and combined were independently analyzed in the multilocus mixed model (MLMM). A total of 30 significant MTAs was detected over data sets for eight fruit traits at P < 0.0005. The number of MTA per trait ranged from one (brix) to seven (fruit weight and fruit width). Two SNP markers on chromosomes 1 and 2 were significantly associated with multiple traits, suggesting pleiotropic effects of QTL. Furthermore, 16 of 30 MTAs suggest potential novel QTL for eight fruit traits. These results facilitate genetic dissection of tomato fruit traits and provide a useful resource to develop molecular tools for improving fruit traits via marker-assisted selection and genomic selection in tomato breeding programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physiological Characteristics, Soluble Sugars, Organic Acids and Volatile Compounds in ‘Orin’ Apples (Malus domestica) at Different Ripening Stages

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Shunbo Yang ◽  
Zhipeng Meng ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
Rongxin Chen ◽  
Yazhou Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
Ripening Stages

‘Orin’ is a popular apple cultivar, which has a yellow-green appearance, pleasant taste, and unique aroma. However, few studies on the fruit quality characteristics of ‘Orin’ apples have been reported before. In this study, changes of the physiological characteristics were measured at different ripening stages, and the soluble sugars and organic acids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Volatile compounds were identified using the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). During the fruit ripening, the ‘Orin’ apple fruit weight, size, and total soluble solid were gradually increased by contrast with the titratable acidity, and the firmness decreased. The content of four soluble sugars reached the maximum at the 180 days after full bloom (DAFB) stage. Malic acid was measured as the most abundant organic acid in ‘Orin’ apples. Ethyl butyrate, hexyl propanoate, hexyl acetate and butyl acetate belonging to esters with high odor activity values (OAVs) could be responsible for the typical aroma of ‘Orin’ apples. The aim of this work was to provide information on the flavor characteristics of ‘Orin’ apples and promote this apple cultivar for marketing and processing in the future.

Fruit rind constituents in nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) morphotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
N. Mini Raj ◽  
H.C. Vikram ◽  
Manu Philip ◽  
E.T. Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Range Of Variation

<p>Rind or pericarp is the outermost part of nutmeg fruit which is thick and fleshy. Fresh rind, contributing 80 to 85 per cent of total fruit weight, has an astringent taste with aromatic flavour. Due to these qualities, the use of rind for food purpose is restricted. At the same time its therapeutic property, especially its anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-diarrhoeal effects, have generated interest in nutmeg rind. Major interest of the processors is the biochemical constitution of the rind. In the present study, 17 distinctly featured nutmeg accessions selected from core collections in central Kerala were employed for biochemical analysis of rind. A total of 10 constituents of ripe rind were estimated using standard analytical techniques. Data were statistically analysed and sub groups formed using DMRT. The range of variation was 87.1 to 89.1 (mg 100 g-1) for ascorbic acid, 0.2 to 1.08 per cent for pectin content (calcium pectate), 0.21to 1.85 (g 100 g-1) for protein, 0.3 to 1.23 (g 100 g-1) for starch, 27.8 to 57.6 (mg 100 g-1) for total phenol, 143.3 to 750.0 (mg 100 g-1) for tannin, 2.01 to 2.57 per cent for total minerals and 2.06 to 3.65 per cent for crude fibre. Since varied overlapping sub-groups were obtained constituents wise, the method to make decisions jointly on a number of dependant characters was co-opted. The final score is an indicator of the relative superiority of the accessions in terms of the biochemical constituents of rind. The accessions were categorized for various end uses based on the score obtained for each constituent. The variation in biochemical composition may be due to inherent genetic character of the tree as also the geographic location and management practices followed. Based on the composition, the nutmeg rind, which at present is discarded as a farm waste, could be utilized for value addition in the food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sectors.</p>

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