scholarly journals Polyethylene-Carbon Composite (Velostat®) Based Tactile Sensor

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2905
Author(s):  
Andrius Dzedzickis ◽  
Ernestas Sutinys ◽  
Vytautas Bucinskas ◽  
Urte Samukaite-Bubniene ◽  
Baltramiejus Jakstys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Force ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Tactile Sensor ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Electrode Pair ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Transverse Resolution

The progress observed in ‘soft robotics’ brought some promising research in flexible tactile, pressure and force sensors, which can be based on polymeric composite materials. Therefore, in this paper, we intend to evaluate the characteristics of a force-sensitive material—polyethylene-carbon composite (Velostat®) by implementing this material into the design of the flexible tactile sensor. We have explored several possibilities to measure the electrical signal and assessed the mechanical and time-dependent properties of this tactile sensor. The response of the sensor was evaluated by performing tests in static, long-term load and cyclic modes. Experimental results of loading cycle measurements revealed the hysteresis and nonlinear properties of the sensor. The transverse resolution of the sensor was defined by measuring the response of the sensor at different distances from the loaded point. Obtained dependencies of the sensor’s sensitivity, hysteresis, response time, transversal resolution and deformation on applied compressive force promise a practical possibility to use the polyethylene-carbon composite as a sensitive material for sensors with a single electrode pair or its matrix. The results received from experimental research have defined the area of the possible implementation of the sensor based on a composite material—Velostat®.

Proposed model of all optical reversible and irreversible modules on a single photonic circuit

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritvik Shukla ◽  
Salini Bose ◽  
Shubham Shukla ◽  
Kamal Kishor Upadhyay ◽  
Nikhlesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Optical Channel ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Photonic Circuit ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Audio Video ◽  
Logic Unit

AbstractIn the current era of data communication everyone deals with the huge amount of data in form of text, audio, video and different other formats in which everyone want a secure and higher bandwidth channel to transmit and receive so, only the optical channel provides the solution of above said problem. The only difficulty with the existing model that the data from electrical domain first converted in form of light (optical domain) at the transmission end while after receiving the data at the receiver end it will be further converted in form of electrical signal for extracting the message. This type of conversion from one domain to other gives the energy loss. In the current research article, we proposed a model of optical processor which transmit and receive the data without conversion which provides an energy efficient optical technology. By adding reversibility, heat bender can be further reduced. In this manuscript, an arithmetical logic unit has been created, a photonic reversible complete subtractor and an irregular logic portal. SOA-MZI structure is the basic component of the architecture. The method is mainly carried out by the semiconductor Amplifier, using nonlinear properties such as cross-gain modulation and cross-phase modulation. The efficiency deciding factor for the whole system is 21.23 and 53.27 dB in the average extinction ratio. The cost of the arithmetic logic unit optically constructed is 9.

scholarly journals Recent development of Supercapacitor Electrode Based on Carbon Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhui Li ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Yusheng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
High Specific Capacitance ◽  
Carbon Foam ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Review State

Abstract Supercapacitor has gained significant attention due to its fast charging/discharging speed, high power density and long-term cycling stability in contrast to traditional batteries. In this review, state-of-the-art achievements on supercapacitor electrode based on carbon materials is summarized. In all-carbon composite materials part, various carbon materials including graphene, carbon nanotube, carbon foam and carbon cloth are composited to fabricate larger specific surface area and higher electrical conductivity electrodes. However, obstacles of low power density as well as low cycling life still remain to be addressed. In metal-oxide composites part, carbon nanotube, graphene, carbon fiber fabric and hollow carbon nanofibers combine with MnO2 respectively, which significantly address drawbacks of all-carbon material electrodes. Additionally, TiO2 is incorporated into graphene electrode to overcome the low mechanical flexibility of graphene. In organic active compounds part, conducting polymers are employed to combinate with carbon materials to fabricate high specific capacitance, long-term thermal stability and outstanding electroconductivity flexible textile supercapacitors. In each part, innovation, fabrication process and performance of the resulting composites are demonstrated. Finally, future directions that could enhance the performance of supercapacitors are discussed.

A composite of ultra-fine few-layer MoS2 structures embedded on N,P-co-doped bio-carbon for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 2046-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenqiang Luo ◽  
Xinshu Xia ◽  
Lingxing Zeng ◽  
Xiaochuan Chen ◽  
Xiaoshan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries ◽  
Highly Dispersed ◽  
Co Doped

Highly dispersed ultra-fine few-layer MoS2 embedded on N/P co-doped bio-carbon composite (MoS2-N/P-C) was synthesized and it delivers excellent high-rate long term cycling performance (175 mA h g−1 after 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1).

A comparison study of athletic kinesio tapes and structural cloth tapes applied to address biomechanical injuries and muscle stabilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 175433712093011
Author(s):  
Declan Shannon ◽  
Brian J Love
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Zener Model ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Relaxation Experiments ◽  
Viscoelastic Modeling

Quasi-static tensile and stress relaxation experiments were performed on several cloth-based and segmented elastomeric tapes, and the results were analyzed using viscoelastic models. The cloth tape modulus of elasticity was ∼340 MPa, while those of the kinesio tapes ranged from ∼15 to 20 MPa. The cloth tapes was also stronger and more brittle. Viscoelastic modeling of the stress relaxation behavior was done using a Zener model for the cloth tapes and a 5-element model for the kinesio tapes. The cloth tape relaxed by ∼20%, while the kinesio tapes relaxed by ∼40% of the applied maximum stress in approximately 300-s as demonstrated by viscoelastic modeling and constant strain experiments. The overall amount of long-term compressive force delivered by kinesio tapes might be inadequate for some applications, but they are more forgiving in how they are deployed.

scholarly journals Assessment of the potential damaging effect of radiofrequency exposure in children in prospective follow-up (case report series)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Dzhaffarova ◽  
L. I. Svintsova ◽  
I. V. Plotnikova ◽  
S. N. Krivolapov ◽  
E. O. Kartofeleva
Keyword(s):  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Coagulation Necrosis ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Rf Exposure ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Onset

Aim: To evaluate the electrical activity of the myocardium and the radiofrequency (RF) application zone resulting from radiofrequency ablation (RFA) performed at an early age.Material and Methods. A prospective follow-up study included three patients who underwent intracardiac electrophysiological study (EPS) and effective RFA of the tachycardia for the first time at an early age. A reintervention was required in one case 12 years after the procedure and in two cases six years after it due to recurrent and new-onset arrhythmias. During the reintervention, electroanatomical mapping was performed to assess the potential damaging effect of radiofrequency exposure in the area of the first ablation.Results. The intracardiac EPS and amplitude bipolar CARTO-reconstruction of primary ablation area were performed during repeated RFA procedure. The study showed that neither zones with a decrease in the amplitude of electrical signal from the myocardium nor silent electrical zones were present ruling out the cicatricial-sclerotic changes in the myocardium in children in the long-term period after RF exposure.Conclusion. The study showed that no increase in the coagulation necrosis zone in the area of primary ablation occurred during the growth of child when the sparing energy and temperature parameters of RFA and the limited number of RF applications were used. Further research in this area is required.

scholarly journals Left Ventricular Lead Placement Guided by Reduction in QRS Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5935
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Ghossein ◽  
Francesco Zanon ◽  
Floor Salden ◽  
Antonius van Stipdonk ◽  
Lina Marcantoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Electrode Pair ◽  
Lead Placement ◽  
Ventricular Lead ◽  
Objective Parameter ◽  
Hemodynamic Improvement ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
Relative Change

Background: Reduction in QRS area after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is associated with improved long-term clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the reduction in QRS area is associated with hemodynamic improvement by pacing different LV sites and can be used to guide LV lead placement. Methods: Patients with a class Ia/IIa CRT indication were prospectively included from three hospitals. Acute hemodynamic response was assessed as the relative change in maximum rate of rise of left ventricular (LV) pressure (%∆LVdP/dtmax). Change in QRS area (∆QRS area), in QRS duration (∆QRS duration), and %∆LVdP/dtmax were studied in relation to different LV pacing locations within a patient. Results: Data from 52 patients paced at 188 different LV pacing sites were investigated. Lateral LV pacing resulted in a larger %∆LVdP/dtmax than anterior or posterior pacing (p = 0.0007). A similar trend was found for ∆QRS area (p = 0.001) but not for ∆QRS duration (p = 0.23). Pacing from the proximal electrode pair resulted in a larger %∆LVdP/dtmax (p = 0.004), and ∆QRS area (p = 0.003) but not ∆QRS duration (p = 0.77). Within patients, correlation between ∆QRS area and %∆LVdP/dtmax was 0.76 (median, IQR 0.35; 0,89). Conclusion: Within patients, ∆QRS area is associated with %∆LVdP/dtmax at different LV pacing locations. Therefore, QRS area, which is an easily, noninvasively obtainable and objective parameter, may be useful to guide LV lead placement in CRT.

Enggrong Modification Reduces Low Back Pain Risk on Sand Workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Denny Nurkertamanda ◽  
I Nyoman Adiputra ◽  
Ketut Tirtayasa ◽  
I Putu Gede Adiatmika
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lateral Shear ◽  
Work Posture ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Material handling manual work is a job at risk to worker health and safety, errors in the manual procedure of manual material handling will result in health impacts in the short and long term. One of the manual jobs of material handling is the job of lowering the sand from the top of the truck. In working the workers use a tool in the form of enggrong which is a shovel with a short handle. Due to the use of employee enggrong work with a stooped posture. This work posture raises the potential for low back pain on workers. Low back pain is a pain and/or loss of workability as a long-term risk of postural errors in activity. Low back pain occurs on low back disc L4 / L5 or L5 / S1. This study used treatment by the same subject design with a sample of 9 participants. The purpose of the study was to find out the different forces in Low back disc L4 / L5 when the worker worked using standard enggrong (Period 1 / P1) compared to using modification enggorong (Period 2 / P2). The forces in the L4 / L5 Low back disc include 1) compression, 2) anterior/posterior shear, and 3) lateral shear. Work posture data was taken using Microsoft KinectTM 3D camera and analyzed by using Siemen Jack 3D Static Strength Prediction Program (3DSSPP) method to get the force on the low back disc. The results of the analysis of the 6 work postures P1 and P2, showed a significant decrease (p <0.05) in the average compression force in the low back disc L4 / L5 on the work posture using modified enggrong. Enggrong modification lowers compression in low back disc L4 / L5 by 38.73% (P1 2143.8 ± 411.3 N; P2 1320.2 ± 418.4 N), anterior / posterior shear 46.17% (P1 542, 6 ± 103.9 N, P2 292.1 ± 81.2 N), and lateral shear 29.69% (P1 31.2 ± 22.08 N; P2 16.6 ± 14.28 N) compared with the use of enggrong standard. The threshold value for compression 3400 N and anterior / posterior shear is 700 N, then the compression and anterior / posterior shear values in Period 2 are well below the threshold. Decrease in the press force in low back disc L4 / L5 is as a result of changes in work posture workers who work using modification enggrong. It can be concluded that the use of modification enggrong can decrease the compressive force in the low back disc L4 / L5 so as to reduce the low back pain occurs to the workers.

Creep Characterization Of Ceramic BGA

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Lewis S. Goldmann ◽  
Mukta Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Creep Model ◽  
Equivalent Material ◽  
Geometric Stiffening ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Term Creep ◽  
Range Of Values

Long term creep of a ceramic ball grid array (CBGA) solder ball under compressive loading was investigated. An experiment was conducted with two levels of loading and four of temperature. Analysis of the data assumed the composite ball structure could be simulated by an interconnection having the same shape, but of a single equivalent material. Curve fitting determined the stress exponent and activation energy of the equivalent material in the Norton creep model; the values were consistent with the range of values of the individual components available in the literature. Nonlinearity of the change in ball height with time was hypothesized to be due to geometric stiffening, a hypothesis which was confirmed by a simplified model. The model may be used to estimate creep behavior of other ball geometries having the same material set. The final result of this work - a closed form equation describing height decrease as a function of compressive force, temperature and time - can be used to simplify complex modeling of an entire package, and as an aid in designing accelerated thermal cycles which appropriately synchronize solder creep and fatigue.

Polyaniline/nano-in2O3 Composites Used as a Sensitive Material to NH3

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 322-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Nan Xie ◽  
Zheng Hai Shi ◽  
Jian Lian Liu
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Degree Of Crystallization ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sulphosalicylic Acid

In presence of nano-In2O3 which were synthesised via a reverse microemulsion, Polyaniline/nano-In2O3 composites were prepared by in-situ polymerization of aniline in 5-sulphosalicylic acid(SSA) aqueous solution. They were characterized by means of TEM, XRD and FTIR.. TEM and XRD showed that the average diameter of In2O3 particles was 15nm with a narrow size distribution and with a high degree of crystallization. The FTIR suggested that the structure of PAn-SSA was not be changed by the mixture of In2O3. Sensitivity of the composites to 100~1000ppm NH3 were studied, the results reveal that polyaniline/nano-In2O3 composites have short response time and good reversibility, the gas sensitive of composites to NH3 under 300ppm increased linearly with the increasing concentration of NH3 and decreased with the increasing of In2O3 concentration. Long-term stability of polyaniline/nano-In2O3 composites were also investagated, it can be concluded that the organic-inorganic hybrid materials have better environmental stability.

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