scholarly journals Improved Sheet Resistance of Nanofiber-Based Transparent Conducting Electrodes Using Silver Nanowires

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3856
Author(s):  
Sujin Cha ◽  
Byeolyi Choi ◽  
Eugene Lee ◽  
Gilsoo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Poly Styrene Sulfonate ◽  
Transparent Conducting Electrodes ◽  
And Chemical Properties

There is an increased need for research on flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) because they are critical to next-generation electronic devices, such as wearable computers. In this study, highly conductive transparent conducting electrodes, based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber webs treated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and silver nanowires (AgNWs), were successfully fabricated. Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) were obtained by a brush-painting process using different weight ratios of a AgNWs to PEDOT:PSS solution, and the surface, electrical, optical, and chemical properties, as well as the tensile strength of the samples, were determined. It was found that the electrical conductivity of the samples improved as the AgNW content increased, but the light transmittance decreased. In this work, there was a slight decrease in the optical properties and a considerable increase in the electrical properties due to the hybridization of AgNWs and PEDOT:PSS, compared to using only PEDOT:PSS. When considering both transparency and electrical conductivity, which are essential parameters of TCEs, sample PA2, which was treated by mixing AgNWs and PEDOT:PSS/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in a ratio of 1:5 (16.67 wt% of AgNWs), was found to be the best sample, with a sheet resistance of 905 Ω/cm2 and light transmittance of 79%.

scholarly journals Highly Transparent Conducting Electrodes Based on a Grid Structure of Silver Nanowires

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Jinseon You ◽  
Sung Min Lee ◽  
Hong-Sik Eom ◽  
Suk Tai Chang
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Grid Structure ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Transparent Conducting Electrodes

Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) formed with silver nanowires (AgNWs) have attracted attention as substitutes for indium tin oxide (ITO). However, the randomly deposited AgNW film performs poorly in terms of the transmittance and sheet resistance to serve as a substitute of ITO. To improve the performance of the AgNW film, we fabricated a grid-patterned AgNW by modifying the surface energy of the substrate. The hydrophobized surface was selectively etched by UV light through a quartz chrome mask, and a suspension of AgNWs in isopropyl alcohol/ethylene glycol mixture was coated on the substrate by a meniscus dragging deposition process. The grid-patterned AgNW film has a lower percolation threshold and a 13% higher figure-of-merit value compared to the randomly deposited AgNW film. The transparent thin films with a grid structure of AgNWs exhibit the high electrical conductivity with a sheet resistance of 33 Ohm/sq at a transmittance of 92.7% (λ = 550 nm).

scholarly journals Silver Nanowire Synthesis and Strategies for Fabricating Transparent Conducting Electrodes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 693
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Muhammad Omar Shaikh ◽  
Cheng-Hsin Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Metal Nanowires ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Solution Deposition ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Transparent Conducting Electrodes

One-dimensional metal nanowires, with novel functionalities like electrical conductivity, optical transparency and high mechanical stiffness, have attracted widespread interest for use in applications such as transparent electrodes in optoelectronic devices and active components in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. In particular, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been widely researched owing to the superlative thermal and electrical conductivity of bulk silver. Herein, we present a detailed review of the synthesis of AgNWs and their utilization in fabricating improved transparent conducting electrodes (TCE). We discuss a range of AgNW synthesis protocols, including template assisted and wet chemical techniques, and their ability to control the morphology of the synthesized nanowires. Furthermore, the use of scalable and cost-effective solution deposition methods to fabricate AgNW based TCE, along with the numerous treatments used for enhancing their optoelectronic properties, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Identifying Potential Leakage Zones in an Irrigation Supply Channel by Mapping Soil Properties Using Electromagnetic Induction, Inversion Modelling and a Support Vector Machine

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ehsan Zare ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Tibet Khongnawang ◽  
Mohammad Farzamian ◽  
John Triantafilis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Supply Channel ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The clay alluvial plains of Namoi Valley have been intensively developed for irrigation. A condition of a license is water needs to be stored on the farm. However, the clay plain was developed from prior stream channels characterised by sandy clay loam textures that are permeable. Cheap methods of soil physical and chemical characterisations are required to map the supply channels used to move water on farms. Herein, we collect apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) from a DUALEM-421 along a 4-km section of a supply channel. We invert ECa to generate electromagnetic conductivity images (EMCI) using EM4Soil software and evaluate two-dimensional models of estimates of true electrical conductivity (σ—mS m−1) against physical (i.e., clay and sand—%) and chemical properties (i.e., electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste extract (ECe—dS m−1) and the cation exchange capacity (CEC, cmol(+) kg−1). Using a support vector machine (SVM), we predict these properties from the σ and depth. Leave-one-site-out cross-validation shows strong 1:1 agreement (Lin’s) between the σ and clay (0.85), sand (0.81), ECe (0.86) and CEC (0.83). Our interpretation of predicted properties suggests the approach can identify leakage areas (i.e., prior stream channels). We suggest that, with this calibration, the approach can be used to predict soil physical and chemical properties beneath supply channels across the rest of the valley. Future research should also explore whether similar calibrations can be developed to enable characterisations in other cotton-growing areas of Australia.

scholarly journals Correction: High performing AgNW transparent conducting electrodes with a sheet resistance of 2.5 Ω Sq−1 based upon a roll-to-roll compatible post-processing technique

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5771-5771
Author(s):  
D. Kumar ◽  
V. Stoichkov ◽  
E. Brousseau ◽  
G. C. Smith ◽  
J. Kettle
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Transparent Conducting Electrodes

Correction for ‘High performing AgNW transparent conducting electrodes with a sheet resistance of 2.5 Ω Sq−1 based upon a roll-to-roll compatible post-processing technique’ by D. Kumar et al., Nanoscale, 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07974a.

Composting winery wastes with clinoptilolite. Suitability for land application.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chronis Kolovos ◽  
Maria Doula ◽  
Stamatios Kavasilis ◽  
Georgios Zagklis ◽  
Gerasimos Tsitselis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Winery Waste ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p>Soil application of raw winery wastes is a procedure of doubtful appropriateness, mainly because of waste properties, i.e. very acidic pH; high electrical conductivity; and high content of polyphenols. The disposal of winery waste on soils may cause various environmental and health hazards as for example soil overloading with polyphenols and salts, phytotoxicity to plants, odor nuisance etc. Pathogens, which may still be present in the decomposed material could spread plants and soil diseases, while waste piles attract insects, pests, domestic rodents and wildlife which may threaten public and animal health. Despite these facts, many wine producers discharge winery waste to the nearby agricultural or forest ecosystems, without treatment although this type of agricultural waste could be a significant source of organic matter and nutrients.</p><p> </p><p>In general, degradation of winery waste is a slow procedure which becomes even slower under the xerothermic climatic conditions in Greece, which may slow down the microbially mediated decomposition of organic matter and nutrients cycling; degradation of winery waste piles takes more than 5 years to be completed naturally. However, the final products are of doubtful appropriateness for fertilization use, mainly because of low quality organic matter and low nutrients content (lost mainly due to the exposure of piles to uncontrolled environmental conditions for years).</p><p> </p><p>This study aims to highlight the advantages of composting winery wastes by using also other agricultural wastes and additives as feedstock to produce a safe and environment friendly compost, appropriate for application to agricultural ecosystems. For this a 41 hectares vineyard in North Greece of about 400 tn grapes yield annually and generation of approximately 100 tn of waste was selected. Winery waste was collected after harvesting and wine-making period of 2018 and composted with cow manure, wheat straw and clinoptilolite up to 5%.</p><p> </p><p>Composting phase lasted 5 months, and during this period the pile was monitored as regard temperature, moisture and oxygen content. After composting completion, the final product was fully characterized in terms of its physical and chemical properties, considering national legislation organic materials reuse on soils. The outcomes of this study show a great potential for managing such waste types by composting using clinoptilolite in the feedstock materials since the final product has suitable physical and chemical properties for many crops, i.e. slight alkaline pH, low electrical conductivity, low polyphenol content and high content of available nutrient, therefore can be used as soil amendment or organic fertilizer.</p>

Effect of Atmosphere Temperature on Physical Properties of ZnO/Ag/ZnO on PET Films

2014 ◽  
Vol 988 ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Hae Kim ◽  
Jin Woo Lee ◽  
Riichi Murakami ◽  
Dong Myung Lee ◽  
Jin Cheol Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silver Layer ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Ito Film ◽  
Transparent Conducting

Transparent conductive layers on flexible substrates are important components of today’s optoelectronic technology. They are used in filters for plasma displays, low-e windows, solar cells, etc. At present, in-doped indium oxide (ITO) layers on PET substrate is the predominant transparent conducting oxide film in diverse practical applications. However, ITO is a relatively expensive material because indium is not abundant, but aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) film is emerging as an alternative potential candidate to ITO thin film due to its abundance as a raw material, nontoxic nature, cost-effectiveness, easy fabrication, and good stability in plasma. They have, however, several drawbacks: they exhibit relatively high electrical resistance (sheet resistance, 20-200Ω), considerable emissivity, and significant absorption in the spectral region 1-2μm, in which transition from high transmittance to high reflectance takes place. Furthermore, these films do not block solar thermal radiation (0.7-3μm), which may cause overheating problems to devices such as electro-chromic and photovoltaic devices. On the other hand, ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer films are used to achieve high transparent conducting properties. A thin silver layer of about 10nm thickness is embedded between two ITO layers. The ITO/Ag/ITO film has very low sheet resistance, high optical transparency in the visible range, relatively lower thickness than single-layered ITO film, and better durability than single-layered silver film. In terms of ZnO, which is a wide direct band-gap semiconductor, ZnO has a band-gap energy of 3.37 eV with a binding energy as high as 60 meV at room temperature. ZnO has been applied to various domains for excellent physical and chemical properties, such as piezoelectric sensors, rheostats , gas sensors, semiconductor lasers, and transparent conductive films.

scholarly journals High performing AgNW transparent conducting electrodes with a sheet resistance of 2.5 Ω Sq−1 based upon a roll-to-roll compatible post-processing technique

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5760-5769 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kumar ◽  
V. Stoichkov ◽  
E. Brousseau ◽  
G. C. Smith ◽  
J. Kettle
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Transparent Conducting Electrodes ◽  
Performance Surface

A report of transparent and conducting silver nanowires (AgNWs) that produce remarkable electrical performance, surface planarity and environmental stability is given.

Time-domain modeling of silver nanowires-graphene transparent conducting electrodes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieran Fang ◽  
Suprem R. Das ◽  
Ludmila J. Prokopeva ◽  
Vladimir M. Shalaev ◽  
David B. Janes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Domain Modeling ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Time Domain Modeling ◽  
Transparent Conducting Electrodes
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