Polymer-Based Bone Substitutes in Periodontal Infrabony Defects: A Systematic Evaluation of Clinical Studies

Background and Objectives: The aim was to systematically review the available literature regarding the use of polymers as a bone substitute for the treatment of periodontal infrabony defect. Materials and methods: Three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched to find all relevant studies published in English from inception until September 2021 using a combination of keywords. The inclusion criteria consisted of human clinical studies which reported the use of a polymer-based bone substitute in the treatment of infrabony defects. Results: 164 studies were provided from the databases. Of these, five articles were eligible and reported favorable outcome in terms of probing depth, clinical attachment gain and defect fill at the follow-up (3 months and 6 months). Conclusions: Polymer based-bone substitutes may represent a useful alternative in treating infrabony defects. Due to the limited number of studies, more research is needed to sustain the advantages of these products.

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Short-Segment Instrumentation with Fractured Vertebrae Augmentation by Screws and Bone Substitute for Thoracolumbar Unstable Burst Fractures

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/4780426 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Jen-Chung Liao ◽

Wen-Jer Chen

Keyword(s):

Bone Substitute ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Short Segment ◽

Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures ◽

Burst Fractures ◽

Local Kyphosis ◽

Surgical Failure

Background. For thoracolumbar burst fractures, traditional four-screw (one above and one below) short-segment instrumentation is popular and has a high failure rate. Additional augmentation at the fractured vertebrae is believed to reduce surgical failure. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical and radiographic results of patients who underwent short-segment posterior instrumentation with augmentation by screws and bone substitutes at the fractured vertebrae and to compare these data to those of patients who underwent long-segment instrumentation for thoracolumbar burst fractures. Methods. The study group had twenty patients who underwent short-segment instrumentation with additional augmentation by two screws and bone substitutes at the fractured vertebrae. The control group contained twenty-two patients who underwent eight-screw long instrumentation without vertebra augmentation. Local kyphosis and the anterior body height of the fractured vertebrae were measured. The severity of the fractured vertebrae was evaluated with the load sharing classification (LSC). Any implant failure or loss of correction >10° at the final follow-up was defined as surgical failure. Results. Both groups had similar distributions in terms of age, sex, the injured level, and the mechanism of injury before operation. During the operation, the study group had significantly less blood loss (136.0 vs. 363.6 ml, p=0.001) and required shorter operating times (146.8 vs. 157.5 minutes, p=0.112) than the control group. Immediately after surgery, the study group had better correction of the local kyphosis angle (13.4° vs. 11.9°, p=0.212) and restoration of the anterior height (34.7% vs. 31.0%, p=0.326) than the control group. At the final follow-up, no patients in the study group and only one patient in the control group experienced surgical failure. Conclusions. Patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures who received six-screw short-segment posterior fixators with augmentation at the level of the fractured vertebrae via injectable artificial bone substitute achieved satisfactory clinical and radiographic results, and this method could replace long-segment instrumentation methods used in unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures.

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89Zr-PET imaging in humans: a systematic review

Clinical and Translational Imaging ◽

10.1007/s40336-021-00462-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Silvia De Feo ◽

Mariano Pontico ◽

Viviana Frantellizzi ◽

Ferdinando Corica ◽

Flaminia De Cristofaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Pet Imaging ◽

Systematic Approach ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Antigen Expression ◽

Labeled Compounds ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Imaging Tool ◽

Anticancer Treatment

Abstract Purpose The remarkable amount of preclinical data achieved on 89Zr-PET imaging led to a significant clinical translation, concerning mainly immuno-PET applications. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a complete overview on clinical applications of 89Zr-PET imaging, using a systematic approach to identify and collect published studies performed in humans, sorted by field of application and specific disease subsections. Methods A systematic literature search of articles suiting the inclusion criteria was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, Central, and Web Of Science databases, including papers published from January 1967 to November 2020. Eligible studies had to be performed on humans through PET imaging with 89Zr-labeled compounds. The methodological quality was assessed through the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic accuracy Studies-2 tool. Results A total of 821 articles were screened. 74 studies performed on humans were assessed for eligibility with the exclusion of further 18, thus 56 articles were ultimately selected for the qualitative analysis. Conclusions 89Zr has shown to be a powerful PET-imaging tool, in particular for radiolabeling antibodies in order to study antigen expression, biodistribution, anticancer treatment planning and follow-up. Other than oncologic applications, 89Zr-radiolabeled antibodies have been proposed for use in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders with interesting results. 89Zr-labeled nanoparticles represent groundbreaking radiopharmaceuticals with potential huge fields of application. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of 89Zr PET-imaging in different conditions and in real-world settings, and to widen its use in clinical practice, further translation of preclinical to clinical data is needed.

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Dandy’s hemispherectomies: historical vignette

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2020.9.jns202824 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ignacio Jusue-Torres ◽

Vikram C. Prabhu ◽

G. Alexander Jones

Keyword(s):

Motor Function ◽

Cerebral Hemisphere ◽

Tumor Recurrence ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Historical Context ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Thomson Reuters ◽

Radical Removal ◽

Lost To Follow Up

To better understand Walter Dandy’s intentions and the historical context of his work on hemispherectomy, the authors reviewed his original 1928 publication. Gliomas were considered incurable at that time. Presuming that the loss of motor function denoted a lack of useful tissue in that hemisphere, he pioneered radical removal of the involved cerebral hemisphere. Of the 5 patients operated on by Dandy, 1 died within 48 hours of hemorrhage because of a displaced vascular clip; 1 died of pneumonia in 2 weeks; 2 died of tumor recurrence, at 3 months and 3.5 years, respectively; and a fifth patient was lost to follow-up beyond the 2nd postoperative week. The authors queried the Thomson Reuters Web of Science and Scopus. A total of 88 papers fulfilled inclusion criteria. Half of these papers (44/88) were published after 2012. Only 11% of papers (10/88) quoted Dandy’s paper accurately; half of them were published before 1997. Most publications (76% [67/88]) quoted Dandy incorrectly, all of them from 1997 and later. In the remaining 11 papers (13%), the accuracy of the quotes was unclear. The authors found a trend toward more accurate citation in earlier papers. Critically reviewing Dandy’s report, with an understanding of the historical context, allows a better understanding of his intentions and the value of his contribution.

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Prevalence Rate of Diabetes and Hypertension in Disaster-Exposed Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ejhs.v30i3.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Farzad Gohardehi ◽

Hesam Seyedin ◽

Shandiz Moslehi

Keyword(s):

Prevalence Rate ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Major Health ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Outcome Duration ◽

Effect Method

BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) have been one of the major health problems in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence rate of DM and HTN following natural and man-made disasters that impose significant economic and psychological burdens on human communities.METHODS: In this systematic and meta-analysis review, all crosssectional studies that at least one of their objectives was to measure the prevalence of HTN or DM in individuals affected by natural and man-made disasters were included. Literature review was done in international databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, from database inception to February 17, 2019. The extracted data included the bibliographic characteristics of the article, the age of the participants, number of participants, gender, sample size, outcome, duration of the follow-up, and prevalence of DM and HTN. Data were analyzed by STATA software (version11) and random effect method and the I2 index were used to investigate heterogeneity between the articles.RESULTS: A total of 16 articles met the inclusion criteria. Based on the quality assessment, 11 papers were categorized as moderate and 5 paper were categorized as high quality. The prevalence of HTN and DM in disaster-exposed populations were 47.35 (CI 95%: 38.53-56.17) and 13.56 (CI 95%: 10.12-17.01), respectively.CONCLUSION: The results of this study show a high prevalence of HTN and DM in survivors of major disasters, which is higher in comparison to the general population.

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Adverse Effects of Implants in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4625-43.2.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 69-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rekhalakshmi Kamatham ◽

Priyanka Avisa ◽

Dileep Nag Vinnakota ◽

Sivakumar Nuvvula

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Case Reports ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Mini Implants ◽

Implant Placement ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Crestal Bone Loss ◽

Ebsco Host

Objective: To determine the evidence on the adverse effects of placing dental implants in healthy growing children. Study design: A systematic search was conducted in five electronic databases: PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane, EBSCO host, ProQuest. Studies on implants placed in children below the age of 19 years, with loss of tooth either due to trauma or caries were included, whereas, studies on mini implants and implants placed due to congenital absence of teeth were excluded. The articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were analyzed based on the predetermined criteria of success. Results: A total of 8 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All the included articles were case reports/series, involving a total of 16 implants (15 maxillary, one mandibular) in 11 adolescents (7 boys and 4 girls). The age of implant placement ranged between ten to 17 years with a mean age of 13.4 years and the follow up period, 4.5 months to 13 years. Pain, paresthesia, mobility or peri-implant radiolucency was not reported in any case report, indicating good integration. Radiographic crestal bone loss, probing depth and implant esthetics were not mentioned. The infraocclusion was not reported in 5 cases (age: 11–17 years, follow up: 4.5 months-two years), however, it was an adverse effect in 6 cases (age: ten-17 years, follow up: three-13 years). Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to contradict the placement of dental implants in healthy growing children; the only reported adverse event is infraocclusion, the management of which too is discussed. However, as all the data is from case reports, the result should be interpreted with caution. Therefore, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to address this gap in the literature.

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Telehealth in Management of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v59i11.7773 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sohrab Almasi ◽

Farkhondeh Asadi

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Mobile Apps ◽

Treatment Monitoring ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Web Based ◽

Major Health ◽

Social Challenges ◽

Health Related

COVID-19 has created major health-related, economic, and social challenges in societies, and its high contagion has dramatically altered access to healthcare. COVID-19 management can be improved by the use of telehealth. This study aimed to examine different telehealth technologies in the management of COVID-19 disease in the domains of surveillance, diagnosis, screening, treatment, monitoring, tracking, and follow-up and investigate the challenges to the application of telehealth in COVID-19 management. This scoping review was conducted based on Arksey and O’Malley's framework. Searches were performed in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases to examine the evidence on the effectiveness of telehealth in COVID-19 management. Eventually, 36 articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The majority of these studies (33%) were conducted in China. Most services offered via telehealth focused on surveillance, tracking, and follow-up, in that order. Moreover, the most frequently used technologies were social networks, web-based apps, and mobile apps, respectively. The use of telehealth in COVID-19 disease management plays a key role in surveillance, diagnosis, screening, treatment, monitoring, tracking, and follow-up.

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Bloodstream Infections in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9102016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 2016

Author(s):

Mariachiara Ippolito ◽

Barbara Simone ◽

Carlotta Filisina ◽

Francesca Romana Catalanotto ◽

Giulia Catalisano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Clinical Consequences

Background: Little is known about the occurrence of bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and the related clinical consequences. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled occurrence of BSIs among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and mortality of this patient population. Methods: A systematic search was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception to 19 April 2021. The primary outcome was the occurrence of BSIs among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The secondary outcome was mortality at the longest available follow-up. Results: Forty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 42,694 patients evaluated. The estimated occurrence of BSIs was 7.3% (95% CI 4.7–1.1%) among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, with a mortality rate of 41% (95% CI 30%–52.8%). The subgroup analysis conducted on patients admitted to ICU provided an estimated occurrence of 29.6% (95% CI 21.7%–38.8%). A higher occurrence of BSI was observed in patients with COVID-19, in comparison with patients without COVID-19 (OR 2.77; 95% CI 1.53–5.02; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our analysis estimated the occurrence of BSIs among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at around 7%. A four-times higher occurrence was estimated among patients admitted to ICU.

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Telehealth and Telemedicine in response to selected critical coronavirus: A systematic review

10.32592/ircmj.2021.23.9.1150 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Patient Care ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Human Coronavirus ◽

Systematic Screening ◽

Isi Web Of Science ◽

Healthcare Burden

Background & Objectives: Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, applying telehealth and telemedicine to prevent the spread of disease is inevitable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the application of telehealth and telemedicine in the human coronavirus epidemic. Materials and Methods: The systematic search was conducted in Medline (through PubMed), Scopus, and ISI Web of Science to identify relevant studies published until June 10, 2020. Inclusion criteria included studies in which telemedicine and telehealth were utilized as healthcare services in COVID-19, SARS, or MERS epidemics. This review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 598 articles were identified after removing duplicates. After the systematic screening, 18 studies were met our criteria. The analysis showed that only one study was related to SARS, and the rest were on COVID-19 disease. Teleconsultation and televisit had a high percentage (55.6%) among other types of telemedicine services. The most mentioned obstacles were access to suitable technologies and lack of assessment or follow-up to achieve outcomes. Conclusion: The results showed that telehealth and telemedicine could have advantages such as preventing the spread of COVID-19, reducing the healthcare burden, and maintaining appropriate patient care. In addition to these benefits, several limitations and obstacles, including organizational, technological, and patient-related barriers, may be encountered, so it is better to consider the necessary arrangements before implementing telemedicine.

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Does Local Vancomycin Powder Impregnated with Autogenous Bone Graft and Bone Substitute Decrease the Risk of Deep Surgical Site Infection in Degenerative Lumbar Spine Fusion Surgery? - an Ambispective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1105573/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shih-Tien Wang ◽

Po-Hsin Chou ◽

Yu-Cheng Yao ◽

Hsin-Hsian Lin ◽

Chien-Lin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Substitute ◽

Lumbar Fusion ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Autogenous Bone ◽

Fusion Surgery ◽

Vancomycin Concentration ◽

Bony Fusion ◽

Vancomycin Powder ◽

Deep Surgical Site Infection

Abstract Background:Deep surgical site infection (DSSI) is one of the most challenging complications in lumbar fusion surgery. Few investigations examined the effect of vancomycin powder mixed with ABG and bone substitutes on preventing DSSI in degenerative lumbar fusion surgeries as well as any interference with bony fusion. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of autogenous bone graft (ABG) along with bone substitutes as a local vancomycin delivery system on preventing DSSI in lumbar instrumented fusion and compared with those who did not use vancomycin powder.Methods: From January, 2015 through December, 2015, a one-year prospective study using vancomycin powder mixed with ABG and bone substitute for degenerative lumbar fusion surgeries as vancomycin (V) group, 1 gm vancomycin for 2 and 3-level, and 2 gm for more than 3-level instrumentation. From December, 2013 through December 2014, patients received degenerative lumbar fusion surgeries without using vancomycin before the vancomycin protocol were retrospectively enrolled as non-vancomycin (NV) group. Vancomycin concentration was checked at post-operative days 1 and 3 for both the serum and drainage. Patients’ demographic data, microbiology reports, fusion status and functional outcomes were evaluated. Results:One hundred and ten patients were enrolled prospectively in the V group, and 86 for the NV group. After an average 41 months follow-up (range, 36-54), 3 patients (3.48%) developed postoperative DSSIs in the NV group, thereby requiring revision surgeries and parenteral antibiotics treatment versus no DSSIs (0%, 0/100) in the V group. (p=0.048). The postoperative serum vancomycin levels were undetectable and no vancomycin related side effects was encountered. The mean vancomycin concentration of drainage at postoperative days 1 and 3 were 517.96 ± 174.4 and 220.14 ± 102.3 mg/mL, respectively. At final follow-up, there was no statistical difference observed in terms of clinical and radiologic outcomes. Conclusions: Our vancomycin protocol may reduce the incidence of DSSI in degenerative lumbar fusion surgery without affecting bony fusion.

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Photodynamic therapy for keloids and hypertrophic scars: a review

Scars Burns & Healing ◽

10.1177/2059513120932059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 205951312093205 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mamiko Tosa ◽

Rei Ogawa

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Hypertrophic Scar ◽

Case Reports ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Hypertrophic Scars ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

New Treatment

Purpose: Keloid is a poorly understood disease that is unique to humans. Hypertrophic scars are similar to keloids and may transform into keloids over time. The standard treatments for these scars are limited by inconsistent efficacy and long treatment/follow-up times. Therefore, a new treatment that is effective for all abnormal scar cases is needed. One option may be photodynamic therapy (PDT). This review assesses the current evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of PDT for keloids and hypertrophic scars. Methods: PubMed, Medline and Web of Science were searched from 1900 onwards for the following terms: ‘keloid and photodynamic therapy (PDT)’; ‘hypertrophic scar and photodynamic therapy (PDT)’; and ‘scar and photodynamic therapy (PDT)’. Articles were included if they reported using topical PDT to treat keloids or hypertrophic scars, the patient(s) had one or more keloids and/or hypertrophic scars, and the effect of PDT on these abnormal scars was described. Results: In total, 538 articles were identified. Thirteen fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Eight were laboratory studies on keloid/hypertrophic scar explants, fibroblasts or tissue-engineered skin models and five were clinical studies/case reports. The clinical results of PDT on keloids and hypertrophic scars are encouraging. Conclusion: PDT appears to play a promising role in keloid and hypertrophic scar therapy but additional clinical studies, particularly randomised clinical trials, are needed.

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