scholarly journals An Enabling Open-Source Technology for Development and Prototyping of Production Systems by Applying Digital Twinning

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Robert Kazała ◽  
Sławomir Luściński ◽  
Paweł Strączyński ◽  
Albena Taneva
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Twin System ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
And Control

This article presents the most valuable and applicable open-source tools and communication technologies that may be employed to create models of production processes by applying the concept of Digital Twins. In recent years, many open-source technologies, including tools and protocols, have been developed to create virtual models of production systems. The authors present the evolution and role of the Digital Twin concept as one of the key technologies for implementing the Industry 4.0 paradigm in automation and control. Based on the presented structured review of valuable open-source software dedicated to various phases and tasks that should be realised while creating the whole Digital Twin system, it was demonstrated that the available solutions cover all aspects. However, the dispersion, specialisation, and lack of integration cause this software to usually not be the first choice to implement DT. Therefore, to successfully create full-fledged models of Digital Twins by proceeding with proposed open-source solutions, it is necessary to make additional efforts due to integration requirements.

scholarly journals The Enabling Role of Digital Technologies in Sustainability Accounting: Findings from Norwegian Manufacturing Companies

Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Olena Klymenko ◽  
Lise Lillebrygfjeld Halse ◽  
Bjørn Jæger
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Sustainable Operations ◽  
Business Model Canvas ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
Sustainability Accounting ◽  
And Control

Sustainability accounting is an emerging research area receiving growing awareness. This study examines the role of digital technology in manufacturing companies’ sustainability accounting. To guide the research, we use a triple layered business model canvas, which supports the accounting of a manufacturer’s performance for the economic, environmental, and social aspects of sustainability. We present an explorative case study of four Norwegian manufacturing companies representing different industries. The findings from the study indicate that while accounting for economic values is well taken care of, companies do not perform comprehensive environmental and social accounting. Furthermore, we observed a shift from a focus on sustainability issues related to the internal manufacturing process to a focus on sustainability issues for the life cycle of the product. Even though the manufacturers are at the forefront with regard to automation and control of production, with extensive use of robots giving a large amount of data, these data are not utilized towards sustainability accounting, showing that sustainability and digitalization are seen as two separate phenomena. This study sheds light on how digital data available from applied Industry 4.0 technologies could enhance sustainability accounting with limited efforts, linking sustainability and digitalization. The results provide insights for manufacturers and researchers in moving towards more sustainable operations and products.

Digital Twin for Smart Manufacturing: The Practitioner’s Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Bärring ◽  
Björn Johansson ◽  
Goudong Shao
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
New Information ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Discrete Manufacturing ◽  
Design Production

Abstract The manufacturing sector is experiencing a technological paradigm shift, where new information technology (IT) concepts can help digitize product design, production systems, and manufacturing processes. One of such concepts is Digital Twin and researchers have made some advancement on both its conceptual development and technological implementations. However, in practice, there are many different definitions of the digital-twin concept. These different definitions have created a lot of confusion for practitioners, especially small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, the adoption and implementation of the digital-twin concept in manufacturing have been difficult and slow. In this paper, we report our findings from a survey of companies (both large and small) regarding their understanding and acceptance of the digital-twin concept. Five supply-chain companies from discrete manufacturing and one trade organization representing suppliers in the automotive business were interviewed. Their operations have been studied to understand their current digital maturity levels and articulate their needs for digital solutions to stay competitive. This paper presents the results of the research including the viewpoints of these companies in terms of opportunities and challenges for implementing digital twins.

scholarly journals Systematic Evaluation of Arduino Open Source for Automation and Control of Chemical Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2258-2271
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
And Control

Inceptions for chemical process automation are presented in this study. A chemical process demonstrated by neutralization reaction was designed, built, and tested experimentally towards evaluating automation and control algorithms through the Arduino Mega platform. The main objective parameter in this work was selected to be the product pH value, which was evaluated based on several scenarios that targeted various changes in direct and indirect effects. Two main branched ideas were investigated in this study; the first was dealt with the application of Arduino board in the automation of chemical process; the second was dedicated to studying integration of Arduino board in controlling the targeted pH parameter in the product side. Upon examining different automation scenarios, an algorithm was developed to approach the product quality of specific pH and temperature efficiently. The automation algorithm was further developed by integrating the process dynamics and control concepts towards speeding up the pH set point's reach. To make this happen, the pump's speed was corrected and tuned based on the feedback signal from the pH sensor. Consequently, the setpoint was reached in shorter periods, attaining considerable savings in time (≈ 35%). Based on the study outcomes, it is believed that Arduino open source is a challenging and promising low-cost platform, proved useful for mimicking control and automation of chemical processes.

Development and Assessment of a Nearly Autonomous Management and Control System During a Single Loss of Flow Accident

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyu Lin ◽  
Paridhi Athe ◽  
Pascal Rouxelin ◽  
Nam Dinh ◽  
Jeffrey Lane
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Twin Models ◽  
Autonomous Management ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

Abstract In this work, a Nearly Autonomous Management and Control (NAMAC) system is designed to diagnose the reactor state and provide recommendations to the operator for maintaining the safety and performance of the reactor. A three layer-hierarchical workflow is suggested to guide the design and development of the NAMAC system. The three layers in this workflow corresponds to knowledge base, digital twin developmental layer (for different NAMAC functions), and NAMAC operational layer. Digital twin in NAMAC is described as knowledge acquisition system to support different autonomous control functions. Therefore, based on the knowledge base, a set of digital twin models is trained to determine the plant state, predict behavior of physical components or systems, and rank available control options. The trained digital twin models are assembled according to NAMAC operational workflow to support decision-making process in selecting the optimal control actions during an accident scenario. To demonstrate the capability of the NAMAC system, a case study is designed, where a baseline NAMAC is implemented for operating a simulator of the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) during a single loss of flow accident. Training database for development of digital twin models is obtained by sampling the control parameters in the GOTHIC data generation engine. After the training and testing, the digital twins are assembled into a NAMAC system according to the operational workflow. This NAMAC system is coupled with the GOTHIC plant simulator, and a confusion matrix is generated to illustrate the accuracy and robustness of implemented NAMAC system. It is found that within the training databases, NAMAC can make reasonable recommendations with zero confusion rate. However, when the scenario is beyond the training cases, the confusion rate increases, especially when the scenarios are more severe. Therefore, a discrepancy checker is added to detect unexpected reactor states and alert operators for safety-minded actions.

Intelligent Control for Container Terminal AGV

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Masanori Ito ◽  
◽  
Feifei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Container Cranes ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
And Control

The world's container cargo trading is increasing daily, and the role of the container terminal is becoming more important as the center of cargo transportation. In Japan, new container terminals being constructed face very severe competition with larger, cheaper terminals so they must handle cargo more efficiently and cheaply. To cope, handling systems such as container cranes, yard cranes, and conveyers are being automated to enable unattended operation unloading and loading schedule planning, etc., are being computerized. In these system, crane automation and control computerization are already generalized, but automatic control of container conveyers is not completed yet. The container conveyer -15m long, 4m wide, and 1.5m high - picks up containers from container ships with a container crane and hauls them to the shift yard for release to the yard crane. Both crane are operated automatically, so the conveyer must stop at the desired position within a permissible error of ±7.5cm, and run on a predetermined course and speed. Collision avoidance is required because many vehicles oparate on the same course. The automated guided vehicle (AGV) system, which is diesel-driven, 4WS and 4WD, was thought to be effective, but container weights very widely, as do road conditions which depend on weather, so conventional control is not sufficient to maintain the required accuracy. We applied learning control to maintain the desired course and for stopping at the desired position. Speed was controlled, conventionally. The system's applicability was confirmed with computer simulation and vehicle performance testing. This system will be used at the Kawasaki container terminal in 1999 and we are currently working on improving performance.

scholarly journals Digital Twins-Based Smart Design and Control of Ultra-Precision Machining: A Review

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1717
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Jiewu Leng ◽  
Bingfeng Ju
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Precision Machining ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Module Design ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Ultra Precision ◽  
And Control

Ultra-Precision Machining (UPM) is a kind of highly accurate processing technology developed to satisfy the manufacturing requirements of high-end cutting-edge products including nuclear energy producers, very large-scale integrated circuits, lasers, and aircraft. The information asymmetry phenomenon widely exists in the design and control of ultra-precision machining. It may lead to inconsistency between the designed performance and operational performance of the UPM equipment on stiffness, thermal stability, and motion accuracy, which result from its design, manufacturing, and control, and determine the form accuracy and surface roughness of machined parts. The performance of the UPM equipment should be improved continuously. It is still challenging to realize the real-time and self-adaptive control, in which building a high-fidelity and computationally efficient digital twin is a valuable solution. Nevertheless, the incorporation of the digital twin technology into the UPM design and control remains vague and sometimes contradictory. Based on a literature search in the Google Scholar database, the critical issues in the UPM design and control, and how to use the digital twin technologies to promote it, are reviewed. Firstly, the digital twins-based UPM design, including bearings module design, spindle-drive module design, stage system module design, servo module design, and clamping module design, are reviewed. Secondly, the digital twins-based UPM control studies, including voxel modeling, process planning, process monitoring, vibration control, and quality prediction, are reviewed. The key enabling technologies and research directions of digital twins-based design and control are discussed to deal with the information asymmetry phenomenon in UPM.

scholarly journals A New Concept of Digital Twin Supporting Optimization and Resilience of Factories of the Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Bécue ◽  
Eva Maia ◽  
Linda Feeken ◽  
Philipp Borchers ◽  
Isabel Praça
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Security Testing ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Control ◽  
Comprehensive Modeling ◽  
Factories Of The Future

In the context of Industry 4.0, a growing use is being made of simulation-based decision-support tools commonly named Digital Twins. Digital Twins are replicas of the physical manufacturing assets, providing means for the monitoring and control of individual assets. Although extensive research on Digital Twins and their applications has been carried out, the majority of existing approaches are asset specific. Little consideration is made of human factors and interdependencies between different production assets are commonly ignored. In this paper, we address those limitations and propose innovations for cognitive modeling and co-simulation which may unleash novel uses of Digital Twins in Factories of the Future. We introduce a holistic Digital Twin approach, in which the factory is not represented by a set of separated Digital Twins but by a comprehensive modeling and simulation capacity embracing the full manufacturing process including external network dependencies. Furthermore, we introduce novel approaches for integrating models of human behavior and capacities for security testing with Digital Twins and show how the holistic Digital Twin can enable new services for the optimization and resilience of Factories of the Future. To illustrate this approach, we introduce a specific use-case implemented in field of Aerospace System Manufacturing.

Wikis as an Exemplary Model of Open Source Learning

2011 ◽  
pp. 681-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Communication Technologies ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Free Spirit ◽  
Exemplary Model

In their simplest form, Wikis are Web pages that allow people to collaboratively create and edit documents online. Key principles of simplicity, robustness, and accessibility underlie the wiki publication system. It is the open and free spirit of Wikis fundamental to open source software (OSS) that offers new contexts for learning and knowledge creation with technology. This chapter will briefly consider the role of technology in learning before discussing Wikis and their development. The emerging literature on the application of Wikis to education will be reviewed and discussed. It will be argued that Wikis embody an exemplary model of open source learning that has the potential to transform the use of information communication technologies in education.

The DIM Approach for Digital Twin

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-171
Author(s):  
Matteo Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Modelling Methodology ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Virtual City ◽  
Definition Of

In the era of connections and information and communication technologies, the building industry is facing the challenge of digitization at the building and urban scale. Several researches have been carried out to generate virtual city models to manage and represent a variety of data to reach the smart city concept. Therefore, the development of building/urban digital twins is directly linked to the definition of innovative methods and tools that are able to collect, organize, query heterogeneous data to make it available for the various involved actors. This chapter aims at presenting the district information modelling methodology that is strictly related to the digital twin concept, starting with data domains, arriving at the various tools developed to reach the users' needs.

scholarly journals The Carceral Colony: Colonial Exploitation, Coercion, and Control in the Dutch East Indies, 1810s–1940s

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (S26) ◽  
pp. 65-88
Author(s):  
Matthias van Rossum
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Penal System ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Productive Function ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dutch Colonial

AbstractThis article studies the strategic disciplinary and productive function of the colonial penal system of the Dutch East Indies (1816–1942). Developing convict labour as the main punishment for minor public and labour offences, the Dutch colonial regime created an increasingly effective system of exploitation that weaved together colonial discipline, control, and coercion. This system was based on two major carceral connections: firstly, the interrelated development and employment of different coerced labour regimes, and, secondly, the disciplinary role of the legal-carceral regime within the wider colonial project, supporting not only the management of public order and labour control, but also colonial production systems. Punishment of colonial subjects through “administrative justice” (police law) accelerated in the second half of the nineteenth century, leading to an explosion in the number of convictions. The convict labour force produced by this carceral regime was vital for colonial production, supporting colonial goals such as expansion, infrastructure, extraction, and production. The Dutch colonial system was a very early, but quite advanced, case of a colonial carceral state.

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