Yield, Phytochemical Constituents, and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from the Leaves/Twigs, Branches, Branch Wood, and Branch Bark of Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium L.)

In the present work, essential oils (EOs) extracted from different parts of sour orange Citrus aurantium (green leaves/twigs, small branches, wooden branches, and branch bark) were studied through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Furthermore, the EOs in the amounts of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µL were studied for their antibacterial activity against three pathogenic bacteria, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Dickeya solani, and Erwinia amylovora. The main EO compounds in the leaves/twigs were 4-terpineol (22.59%), D-limonene (16.67%), 4-carvomenthenol (12.84%), and linalool (7.82%). In small green branches, they were D-limonene (71.57%), dodecane (4.80%), oleic acid (2.72%), and trans-palmitoleic acid (2.62%), while in branch bark were D-limonene (54.61%), γ-terpinene (6.68%), dodecane (5.73%), and dimethyl anthranilate (3.13%), and in branch wood were D-limonene (38.13%), dimethyl anthranilate (8.13%), (-)-β-fenchol (6.83%), and dodecane (5.31%). At 25 µL, the EO from branches showed the highest activity against A. tumefaciens (IZ value of 17.66 mm), and leaves/twigs EO against D. solani and E. amylovora had an IZ value of 17.33 mm. It could be concluded for the first time that the wood and branch bark of C. aurantium are a source of phytochemicals, with D-limonene being the predominant compound in the EO, with potential antibacterial activities. The compounds identified in all the studied parts might be appropriate for many applications, such as antimicrobial agents, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

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Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of the essential oils from Ocotea zahamenensis Van Der Werff (Lauraceae)

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2021.16.1.0202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 115-125

Author(s):

Razafiarimanga Zara Nomentsoa ◽

Randriamampianina Lovarintsoa Judicael ◽

Randrianarivo Hanitra Ranjàna ◽

Ralitera Andrianirina Manampisoa ◽

Rakoto Danielle Aurore Doll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Vibrio Fischeri ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Detection Analysis ◽

Toxicological Studies

The present work aimed to study the composition and antibacterial properties of the essential oils (EO) of Ocotea zahamenensis leaves (LEO), stem (SEO) and root (REO) barks from two harvest periods (March and June). All EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation from fresh plant parts with yields up to 4.5%. They are colourless, clear, with a strong odour, heavy, levogyre, with a low acid index and an ester index up to 14.89. Gas chromatography/flame ionisation detection analysis of these EOs identified 5 to 12 components representing 96.06 to 99.96% of the overall composition. Safrole was by far the most predominant constituent with contents ranging from 77.45% (SEO, June) to 97.05% (REO, March). The antibacterial activity was tested against eight pathogenic bacteria including 4 Gram (-) and 4 Gram (+) using microdilution assays. With Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of less than 1 mg/mL, all EOs showed antibacterial activity which varied according to the strain. There was not much difference between the activities of March and June Eos, and in both cases SEO were slightly more effective than LEO and REO. All EOs had bacteriostatic action on Bacillus cereus and Vibrio fischeri and bactericidal on almost other strains. When administered orally to mice at 0.5 mg/kg body weight, all EOs caused symptoms of intoxication. Their LD50 varied from 1.019 to 2.73 g/kg body weight. These EOs could be a new source of safrole and could be used for various purposes with further toxicological studies.

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Antibacterial potential of essential oils of Zataria multiflora and Mentha piperita, micro- and nano-formulated forms

Iranian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.18502/ijm.v12i1.2517 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahmoud Osanloo ◽

Abbas Abdollahi ◽

Alireza Valizadeh ◽

Niloufar Abedinpour

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Zataria Multiflora ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Better Than ◽

Antibacterial Potential

Background and Objectives: Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) shave many usages in health and medicine, such as anti- bacterial agents. The aim of this study was the improvement of antibacterial activities of two EOs using nanotechnology. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial activity was investigated on four important human pathogenic bacteria using the 96-well plate microdilution method, a quantitative approach. Eleven formulations were prepared using each of the EOs. Eventually, the best nanoformulation with the smallest particle size and polydispersive indices (PDI and SPAN) was selected using each EO for further investigations. Moreover, two microemulsions with similar ingredients and the same portion in comparison with two selected nanoemulsions were also prepared. Antibacterial activity of each EO was compared with its micro- and nano-emulsions. Results: The antibacterial efficacy of Zataria multiflora EO (ZMEO) was significantly better than Mentha piperita EO (MPEO). Besides, the antibacterial activity of nanoemulsion of ZMEO with a particle size of 129 ± 12 nm was significantly better than no- and micro-formulated forms of ZMEO. Interestingly, the efficiency of MPEO nanoemulsion (160 ± 25 nm) was also significantly better than MPEO and its micro-formulated form. Conclusion: Regardless of the intrinsic antibacterial property of two examined EOs, by formulating to nanoemulsion, their efficiencies were improved. Nanoemulsion of ZMEO introduced as an inexpensive, potent and green antibacterial agent.

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Essential Oils of Zingiber Species from Vietnam: Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9101269 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1269

Author(s):

Le Thi Huong ◽

Nguyen Thanh Chung ◽

Trinh Thi Huong ◽

Ly Ngoc Sam ◽

Nguyen Huy Hung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Larvicidal Activities ◽

Selection Of

Mosquito-borne diseases are a large problem in Vietnam as elsewhere. Due to environmental concerns regarding the use of synthetic insecticides as well as developing insecticidal resistance, there is a need for environmentally-benign alternative mosquito control agents. In addition, resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics is an increasing problem. As part of a program to identify essential oils as alternative larvicidal and antimicrobial agents, the leaf, stem, and rhizome essential oils of several Zingiber species, obtained from wild-growing specimens in northern Vietnam, were acquired by hydrodistillation and investigated using gas chromatography. The mosquito larvicidal activities of the essential oils were assessed against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus, and Ae. aegypti, and for antibacterial activity against a selection of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and for activity against Candida albicans. Zingiber essential oils rich in α-pinene and β-pinene showed the best larvicidal activity. Zingiber nudicarpum rhizome essential oil showed excellent antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 2, 8, and 1 μg/mL, respectively. However, the major components, α-pinene and β-pinene, cannot explain the antibacterial activities obtained.

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Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils ofTagetes minuta(Asteraceae) against Selected Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2016/7352509 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Martin Muthee Gakuubi ◽

John M. Wagacha ◽

Saifuddin F. Dossaji ◽

Wycliffe Wanzala

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽

Xanthomonas Axonopodis

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils (EOs) ofTagetes minutaagainst three phytopathogenic bacteriaPseudomonas savastanoipv.phaseolicola,Xanthomonas axonopodispv.phaseoli, andXanthomonas axonopodispv.manihotis. The essential oils were extracted using steam distillation method in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus while antibacterial activity of the EOs was evaluated by disc diffusion method. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used for analysis of the chemical profile of the EOs. Twenty compounds corresponding to 96% of the total essential oils were identified with 70% and 30% of the identified components being monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, respectively. The essential oils ofT. minutarevealed promising antibacterial activities against the test pathogens withPseudomonas savastanoipv.phaseolicolabeing the most susceptible with mean inhibition zone diameters of 41.83 and 44.83 mm after 24 and 48 hours, respectively.The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the EOs on the test bacteria were in the ranges of 24–48 mg/mL and 95–190 mg/mL, respectively. These findings provide a scientific basis for the use ofT. minutaessential oils as a botanical pesticide for management of phytopathogenic bacteria.

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Chemical and Antibacterial Polymorphism ofJuniperus oxycedrusssp.oxycedrusandJuniperus oxycedrusssp.macrocarpa(Cupressaceae) Leaf Essential Oils from Tunisia

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/389252 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hnène Medini ◽

Bruno Manongiu ◽

Neffati Aicha ◽

Leila Chekir-Ghedira ◽

Fethia Harzalla-Skhiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Juniperus Oxycedrus ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Components Analysis ◽

First Time

Essential oils fromJuniperus oxycedrusL. have been used since antiquity for fragrance, flavoring, medicinal, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and cosmetic purposes. Several works studied the chemical composition of the essential oils ofJuniperus oxycedrusleaves. The aim of this study is to investigate the chemotaxonomic relationships and antibacterial activity of two Tunisian subspecies:Juniperus oxycedrusssp.oxycedrus(L. K.) Deb. andJuniperus oxycedrusssp.macrocarpa(S. & m.) Ball. In addition, and for the first time, we reported the antibacterial activities of TunisianJ. oxycedrusssp.macrocarpaandJ. oxycedrusssp.oxycedrusagainst four bacteria. Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were analysed by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-five constituents were identified. Thirty four major compounds were retained for the study of the chemical variability, andα-pinene, sylvestrene,p-cymene, and 13-epi-manoyl oxide were the main ones. The chemical principal components analysis (PCA) identified three chemotypes. The study of the antibacterial activity showed thatEscherichia coliwas found to be extremely resistant (zone diameter 0 mm) to all the oils tested, whileStaphylococcus aureuswas the most sensitive strain (zone diameter 13.5 mm and MIC ranged from 600 to 650 μg/mL).

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Chemical and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia zerumbet Grown in Foothills Agroclimatic Conditions of Northern India

The Open Bioactive Compounds Journal ◽

10.2174/1874847302109010015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

Gunjan Bhatt ◽

Ranveer S. Nagarkoti ◽

Sushma Kholiya ◽

Ameeta Tiwari ◽

Sajendra K. Verma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Good Activity ◽

Filter Paper Disc ◽

E Coli ◽

Northern India ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Alpinia Zerumbet

Background: The member of the genus Alpinia (family: Zingiberaceae) is used in traditional medicine for various formulations for the food, spices, medicines, and perfume. Objective: The present study was carried out to analyse the compositional variability in leaf and rhizome essential oils of Alpinia calcarata Roscoe and Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt & R.M. Sm. and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against eight pathogenic bacteria strains. Methods: The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC-MS and the antibacterial activity was evaluated by filter paper disc diffusion and micro dilution broth assay. Results: A total of 31 compounds identified, forming 89.26-94.32% composition of A. calcarata and A. zerumbet. The leaf and rhizome oil of A. calcarata and A. zerumbet were mainly characterized by 1,8-cineole (15.61-43.63%), β-pinene (5.02-23.52%), terpinen-4-ol (1.00-20.87%), camphor (1.94-11.60%), and (Z)-β-ocimene (0.16-11.86%). endo-Fenchyl acetate (13.12-24.39%) was identified as marker constituents of rhizome essential oil of both A. calcarata and A. zerumbet. The antibacterial assay showed that leaf oil of A. calcarata has good activity against S. mutans, whereas its rhizome oil possess good activity against K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. However, the rhizome oil of A. zerumbet showed activity against S. mutans, B. subtilisS. aureus-2940 and S. epidermidis. Conclusion: The essential oils of A. calcarata and A. zerumbet with aroma chemicals viz. 1,8-cineole, ocimenes, terpinen-4-ol, α-pinene, β-pinenes and fenchyl acetate and significant antibacterial activities could be used for perfumery and fragrance related formulation.

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The inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by essential oils isolated from leaves and fruits of Schinus areira depending on their chemical compositions.

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.2014_1921 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Liliana S Celaya ◽

Marta H Alabrudzińska ◽

Ana C Molina ◽

Carmen I Viturro ◽

Silvia Moreno

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Native Plant ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Chemical Profiles ◽

Fruit Oil ◽

First Time

Schinus areira L. is a native plant from South America used for centuries in traditional medicine. Here, we investigate the antimicrobial activity of four essential oils extracted from leaves and fruits of S. areira exhibiting different chemical profiles. The antibacterial activity against the human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus susceptible as well as methicillin resistant strain was assessed by the broth microdilution assay. The results showed that the limonene-rich oil extracted from the leaves and fruits have potent antibacterial effect on S. aureus ATCC 25923, while the α-phellandrene-rich fruit oil having a lower content of limonene showed the lowest antibacterial efficacy. In this work, for the first time, we demonstrated the bactericidal activity of essential oils isolated from fruits and leaves of S. areira against susceptible and methicillin resistant S. aureus strains. All results point out the potential use of the S. areira oils as antimicrobial agents to be used, at least against Staphylococcal infections.

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In VitroAntibacterial Activity of Essential Oils againstStreptococcus pyogenes

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/269161 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Julien Sfeir ◽

Corinne Lefrançois ◽

Dominique Baudoux ◽

Séverine Derbré ◽

Patricia Licznar

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Origanum Compactum ◽

Broth Dilution

Streptococcus pyogenesplays an important role in the pathogenesis of tonsillitis. The present study was conducted to evaluate thein vitroantibacterial activities of 18 essential oils chemotypes from aromatic medicinal plants againstS. pyogenes. Antibacterial activity of essential oils was investigated using disc diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of essential oils showing an important antibacterial activity was measured using broth dilution method. Out of 18 essential oils tested, 14 showed antibacterial activity againstS. pyogenes. Among themCinnamomum verum, Cymbopogon citratus, Thymus vulgaris CT thymol, Origanum compactum, andSatureja montanaessential oils exhibited significant antibacterial activity. Thein vitroresults reported here suggest that, for patients suffering from bacterial throat infections, if aromatherapy is used, these essential oils, considered as potential antimicrobial agents, should be preferred.

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Bioproducts against food-borne pathogenic bacteria

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v9i3.2382 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 519-526

Author(s):

Lisianne Brittes Benitez ◽

Ariana Pereira Dos Santos ◽

Ana Paula Muller ◽

Thamires Klein De Souza

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Natural Products ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Biotechnology Research ◽

Food Borne ◽

Significant Difference

Advances in biotechnology research show the rising generation of a variety of products derived from microbial, plants and animal sources. These products are known as “bioproducts” or “natural products”. The preservation of the microbiological quality of foods without the use of chemical preservatives has become a challenge stimulating new researches on conservation alternatives. The aims of this study were the assessment of the the antibacterial activity of several bioactive compounds: essential oils of orange, lavender, green and red mandarins; ethanol extract of oregano and protein hydrolyzed from shrimp shell against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from foods, and the comparison between two different methods used in the screening of natural products with potential antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activities of the natural compounds were determined using agar diffusions tests and bioautography methods. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined for the essential oils of orange and lavender, and the ethanolic oregano extract. The essential oils of orange and lavender and the ethanolic oregano extract showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested in the study. The agar disk diffusion and the bioautographic methods showed no significant difference in the evaluation of the biological activity of natural products.

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Antibacterial Effect of Carvacrol and Coconut Oil on Selected Pathogenic Bacteria

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica ◽

10.2478/sab-2018-0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 46-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Božik ◽

P. Hovorková ◽

P. Klouček

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Lauric Acid ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

High Concentration ◽

Enterococcus Cecorum ◽

Antibacterial Potential

AbstractEssential oils play a prominent role as flavouring agents and fragrances in the food and perfume industries. Carvacrol is a major component of various essential oils, such as oregano and thyme oils, and is responsible for their antimicrobial activity. Lauric acid is a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) with a high antibacterial potential. Both carvacrol and MCFAs have been used empirically as antimicrobial agents. Here, we tested the inhibitory properties of carvacrol and coconut (Cocos nuciferaL.) oil containing a high percentage of MCFAs against 5 harmful bacterial pathogens:Escherichia coli, SalmonellaEnteritidis,Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, andEnterococcus cecorum. Gas chromatography (GC-FID) analysis of coconut oil showed a high concentration of lauric acid (41%). Microdilution antimicrobial assays showed that the combination of carvacrol and coconut oil had a stronger antibacterial effect against all tested bacteria than both agents separately. We conclude that carvacrol could significantly improve the antibacterial effect of coconut oil.

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