scholarly journals An Intensified Reactive Separation Process for Bio-Jet Diesel Production

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam García-Sánchez ◽  
Mauricio Sales-Cruz ◽  
Teresa Lopez-Arenas ◽  
Tomás Viveros-García ◽  
Eduardo S. Pérez-Cisneros
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Distillation Columns ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Triglyceride Hydrolysis ◽  
Reactive Separation

An intensified three-step reaction-separation process for the production of bio-jet diesel from tryglycerides and petro-diesel mixtures is proposed. The intensified reaction-separation process considers three sequentially connected sections: (1) a triglyceride hydrolysis section with a catalytic heterogeneous reactor, which is used to convert the triglycerides of the vegetable oils into the resultant fatty acids. The separation of the pure fatty acid from glycerol and water is performed by a three-phase flash drum and two conventional distillation columns; (2) a co-hydrotreating section with a reactive distillation column used to perform simultaneously the deep hydrodesulphurisation (HDS) of petro-diesel and the hydrodeoxigenation (HDO), decarbonylation and decarboxylation of the fatty acids; and (3) an isomerization-cracking section with a hydrogenation catalytic reactor coupled with a two-phase flash drum is used to produce bio-jet diesel with the suitable fuel features required by the international standards. Intensive simulations were carried out and the effect of several operating variables of the three sections (triglyceride-water feed ratio, oleic acid-petro-diesel feed ratio, hydrogen consumption) on the global intensified process was studied and the optimal operating conditions of the intensified process for the production of bio-jet diesel were achieved.

Cake Formation in Cross-Flow Microfiltration Systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Pillay ◽  
C. A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Cross Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Turbulent Flow Regime ◽  
Cake Formation

Cross-flow microfiltration (CFMF) has potentially wide application in the processing of industrial and domestic waste waters. Optimum design and operation of CFMF systems necessitates a knowledge of the characteristic system behaviour, and an understanding of the mechanisms governing this behaviour. This paper is a contribution towards the elucidation and understanding of the behaviour of a woven fibre CFMF operated in the turbulent flow regime. The characteristic flux-time curve and effects of operating variables on flux are presented for a limestone suspension cross-flow filtered in a 25 mm woven fibre tube. The phenomena contributing to the shape of the flux-time curve are discussed. A model of the mechanisms governing cake growth and limit is presented. Predicted steady-state fluxes show a notably good correspondence with experimentally measured values. It is also found that the flux may not be uniquely defined by the operating conditions, but may also be a function of the operating path taken to reach the operating point. This is of significance in the start-up and operation of CFMF units.

A Continuous Reactive Separation Process for Ethyl Lactate Formation

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navinchandra Asthana ◽  
Aspi Kolah ◽  
Dung T. Vu ◽  
Carl T. Lira ◽  
Dennis J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Separation Process ◽  
Ethyl Lactate ◽  
Lactate Formation ◽  
Reactive Separation

The Research of Marine Nuclear Power Two Loop Simulation Software Based on the Thermal System Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Guo Lei Zhang ◽  
Xiang Dong Jin ◽  
Zhan Zhao ◽  
Zhi Jun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Software Optimization ◽  
Power Simulation ◽  
Basic Functions

To study of Nuclear power simulation software's basic functions and mathematical model based on thermal analysis. Describes the two-phase flow model of GSE software superiority, as well as the software optimization program .Use of software tools for normal operating conditions of the simulation calculation and analysis of the results. Comparison with design data shows that,the software use in marine nuclear power two loop system simulation analysis field, the accuracy of it is higher.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Monitoring of Volatile Fatty Acids Production from Raw Cheese Whey by Multiscale Time-Series Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5803
Author(s):  
Antonio Lara-Musule ◽  
Ervin Alvarez-Sanchez ◽  
Gloria Trejo-Aguilar ◽  
Laura Acosta-Dominguez ◽  
Hector Puebla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Multiscale Analysis ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Key Variables

Anaerobic treatment is a viable alternative for the treatment of agro-industrial waste. Anaerobic digestion reduces organic load and produces volatile fatty acids (VFA), which are precursors of value-added products such as methane-rich biogas, biohydrogen, and biopolymers. Nowadays, there are no low-cost diagnosis and monitoring systems that analyze the dynamic behavior of key variables in real time, representing a significant limitation for its practical implementation. In this work, the feasibility of using the multiscale analysis to diagnose and monitor the key variables in VFA production by anaerobic treatment of raw cheese whey is presented. First, experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology under different operating conditions. Then, experimental pH time series were analyzed using rescaled range (R/S) techniques. Time-series analysis shows that the anaerobic VFA production exhibits a multiscale behavior, identifying three characteristic regions (i.e., three values of Hurst exponent). In addition, the dynamic Hurst exponents show satisfactory correlations with the chemical oxygen demand (COD) consumption and VFA production. The multiscale analysis of pH time series is easy to implement and inexpensive. Hence, it could be used as a diagnosis and indirect monitoring system of key variables in the anaerobic treatment of raw cheese whey.

Measurement of Liquid Film Thickness for Annular Two-Phase HFC134a Gas-Liquid Ethanol Flow in the Vertical Tube

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huacheng Zhang ◽  
Tutomo Hisano ◽  
Shoji Mori ◽  
Hiroyuki Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Heating Surface ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Liquid Film Thickness ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Disturbance Waves ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract Annular gas-liquid two-phase flows, such as the flows attached to the fuel rods of boiling water reactors (BWR), are a prevalent occurrence in industrial processes. At the gas-liquid interface of such flows, disturbance waves with diverse velocity and amplitude commonly arise. Since the thin liquid film between two successive disturbance waves leads to the dryout on the heating surface and limits the performance of the BWRs, complete knowledge of the disturbance waves is of great importance for the characterized properties of disturbance waves. The properties of disturbance waves have been studied by numerous researchers through extensive experimental and analytical approaches. However, most of the experimental data and analyses available in the literature are limited to the near atmospheric condition. In consideration of the properties of liquids and gases under atmospheric pressure which are distinct from those under BWR operating conditions (7 MPa, 285 °C), we employed the HFC134a gas and liquid ethanol whose properties at relatively low pressure and temperature (0.7 MPa, 40 °C) are similar to those of steam and water under BWR operating conditions as working fluids in a tubular test section having an inside diameter 5.0mm. Meanwhile, the liquid film thickness is measured by conductance probes. In this study, we report the liquid film thickness characteristics in a two-phase HFC134a gas-liquid ethanol flow. A simple model of the height of a disturbance wave was also proposed.

scholarly journals Development of Hybrid Airlift-Jet Pump with Its Performance Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Yao ◽  
Kwongi Lee ◽  
Minho Ha ◽  
Cheolung Cheong ◽  
Inhiug Lee
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Jet Pump ◽  
Two Phase

A new pump, called the hybrid airlift-jet pump, is developed by reinforcing the advantages and minimizing the demerits of airlift and jet pumps. First, a basic design of the hybrid airlift-jet pump is schematically presented. Subsequently, its performance characteristics are numerically investigated by varying the operating conditions of the airlift and jet parts in the hybrid pump. The compressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, combined with the homogeneous mixture model for multiphase flow, are used as the governing equations for the two-phase flow in the hybrid pump. The pressure-based methods combined with the Pressure-Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PISO) algorithm are used as the computational fluid dynamics techniques. The validity of the present numerical methods is confirmed by comparing the predicted mass flow rate with the measured ones. In total, 18 simulation cases that are designed to represent the various operating conditions of the hybrid pump are investigated: eight of these cases belong to the operating conditions of only the jet part with different air and water inlet boundary conditions, and the remaining ten cases belong to the operating conditions of both the airlift and jet parts with different air and water inlet boundary conditions. The mass flow rate and the efficiency are compared for each case. For further investigation into the detailed flow characteristics, the pressure and velocity distributions of the mixture in a primary pipe are compared. Furthermore, a periodic fluctuation of the water flow in the mass flow rate is found and analyzed. Our results show that the performance of the jet or airlift pump can be enhanced by combining the operating principles of two pumps into the hybrid airlift-jet pump, newly proposed in the present study.

Using Taguchi Experimental Design to Investigate Operating Variables That Significantly Affect Wear in Mud Pumps

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
S H Mok ◽  
D G Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Taguchi Experimental Design ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Operating Variables

Maintenance of offshore drilling mud pumps is normally based on running hours. It is generally accepted, however, that time does not provide an accurate means of scheduling maintenance, given the varying operating conditions of the reciprocating mud pumps. The energy expended at the interaction of sliding surfaces is hypothesized to be a better alternative. The effects of operating variables on wear rates are investigated. A Taguchi experimental design was used to identify those factors that significantly affect wear. Within the confines of an experimental test rig, the normal load and abrasive sand content was found to have a significant effect on the specific wear rate of nitrile rubber sliding on steel in drilling fluid.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF THE TRANSESTERIFICATION PARAMETERS USING BLENDS: OIL CRUDE FISH OIL AND FRYING OIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 696-703
Author(s):  
H. D. CHIRINOS ◽  
J. A. BARRA ◽  
D. D. CRUZ ◽  
G. M. HUALLPAMAYTA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Acidity Index ◽  
Conversion Performance ◽  
Long Chain

To improve the parameters of the transesterification process by the basic route for the production of biodiesel, crude fish oil (AP), obtained from the viscera of fish, and residual vegetable oils (AR) blenders were used. Because the AP contains high percentages of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are responsible for its instability is that it was mixed with increasing percentages of AR. This translated into a higher conversion performance to biodiesel by the basic route, also depending on the level of free fatty acids. The index of methyl esters obtained from the blends and the original oils was analyzed. The calculation of the performance of each reaction is made based on the produced esters. The analysis is complemented by measuring the kinematic viscosity of the blends and the pure oils, as well as the biodiesel produced. The results showed yields higher than 90% when using the process of transesterification of the blends by the basic route. The standardization of blends by its acidity index is of great importance reaching a maximum value of 3.5 mg KOH/g. On the other hand, the viscosity of the biodiesel produced, from the blends, is kept within international standards; In addition, the process conditions are improved.

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