scholarly journals Polyphenol Profile and Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Natural Mentha × piperita and Mentha longifolia Populations in Northern Saudi Arabia

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam O. Elansary ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Paweł Kubica ◽  
Halina Ekiert ◽  
Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mentha Longifolia

New sources of polyphenols with anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties in arid environments are critical for the development of alternative medicines and natural remedies. This study explored the polyphenol profiles and biological activities of methanolic leaf extracts from natural Mentha × piperita and Mentha longifolia populations in northern Saudi Arabia. Chromatographic analyses identified several polyphenols in M. × piperita including phenolic acids: rosmarinic acid (1547.6 mg/100 g DW (dry weight)), cryptochlorogenic acid (91.7 mg/100 g DW), and chlorogenic acid (69.4 mg/100 g DW), as well as flavonoids: naringin (328.8 mg/100 g DW) and cynaroside (162.8 mg/100 g DW). The major polyphenols in M. longifolia were: rosmarinic acid (781.6 mg/100 g DW), cryptochlorogenic acid (191.1 mg/100 g DW), p-coumaric acid (113.0 mg/100 g DW), m-coumaric acid (112.2 mg/100 g DW), and chlorogenic acid (63.8 mg/100 g DW). M. × piperita and M. longifolia leaf extracts had high antioxidant activities due to the major polyphenols (cynaroside, rosmarinic and cryptochlorogenic acids). M. × piperita had higher activities against different cancer cells than M. longifolia. Naringin, cryptochlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid had the highest activities against cancer cells. The leaf extracts had antibacterial effects against most bacteria species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most sensitive), which was attributed to the polyphenols. Antifungal activities were similarly broad (Aspergillus flavus was most sensitive) and attributed to naringin, cryptochlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. Populations of M. × piperita and M. longifolia in Northern Riyadh may be a valuable source of natural biologically active compounds.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis Natural Populations

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam O. Elansary ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Paweł Kubica ◽  
Halina Ekiert ◽  
Fahed A. Al-Mana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Acacia Saligna ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis natural populations growing in Northern Saudi Arabia might be a valuable source of polyphenols with potent biological activities. Using high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), several polyphenols were detected tentatively in considerable amounts in the methanolic leaf extracts of A. saligna and L. inermis. A. saligna mainly contained rutoside, hyperoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, gallic acid and p-coumaric acid, whereas those of L. inermis contained apigenin 5-glucoside, apigetrin and gallic acid. Strong antioxidant activities were found in the leaf extracts of both species due to the presence of hyperoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, gallic acid, isoquercetin, p-coumaric acid, quercitrin and rutoside. A. saligna and L. inermis leaf extracts as well as hyperoside, apigenin 5-glucoside, and quercetin 3-glucuronide significantly reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation in all investigated cancer cells compared to the control. Methanolic leaf extracts and identified polyphenols showed antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against cancer cells, which may be attributed to necrotic cell accumulation during apoptotic periods. Antibacterial activities were also found in both species leaf extracts and were twice as high in A. saligna than L. inermis due to the high composition of rutoside and other polyphenols. Finally, strong antifungal activities were detected, which were associated with specific phenols such as rutoside, hyperoside, apigenin 5-glucoside and p-coumaric acid. This is the first study exploring the polyphenolic composition of A. saligna and L. inermis natural populations in northern Saudi Arabia and aiming at the detection of their biological activities.

scholarly journals Polyphenol Content and Biological Activities of Ruta graveolens L. and Artemisia abrotanum L. in Northern Saudi Arabia

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam O. Elansary ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Paweł Kubica ◽  
Halina Ekiert ◽  
Diaa O. El-Ansary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Ruta Graveolens ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Artemisia Abrotanum

Natural populations of Ruta graveolens L. and Artemisia abrotanum L. in northern Saudi Arabia may be a rich source of natural polyphenols with potential biological activities. Therefore, tentative high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection was used to analyze the polyphenol contents of leaf extracts. R. graveolens mainly contained the phenolic acids chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid and the flavonoids rutoside and quercetin, whereas those of A. abrotanum mainly contained the phenolic acids isochlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid and the flavonoid quercetin. Leaf extracts of both species showed antioxidant activities due to the presence of quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid as well as antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against cancer cells, which may be attributed to necrotic cell accumulation during the early and late apoptotic periods. Both species also exhibited antibacterial activity, although the activity was higher in R. graveolens due to the high contents of quercetin and other polyphenols. Finally, both species exhibited antifungal activities, which were associated with specific polyphenols. This is the first study to confirm the richness of polyphenols and wide spectrum of biological activities in natural populations of R. graveolens and A. abrotanum in northern Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Polyphenols of Frangula alnus and Peganum harmala Leaves and Associated Biological Activities

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Hosam O. Elansary ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Paweł Kubica ◽  
Halina Ekiert ◽  
Fahed A. Al-Mana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition ◽  
Frangula Alnus

Frangula alnus and Peganum harmala populations growing in Saudi Arabia might be rich sources of natural compounds with important biological activities. A high performance liquid chromatography diode array revealed several polyphenols in the leaf extracts for the first time, including p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, quercitrin, rutoside, quercetin and trifolin in F. alnus; and hydrocaffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and cynaroside in P. harmala. F. alnus and P. harmala showed strong antioxidant effects attributed to the polyphenolic composition of leaves and reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. F. alnus and P. harmala leaf extracts showed cytotoxic effects against Jurkat, MCF-7, HeLa, and HT-29 cancer cells using MTT and flow cytometry assays. These activities were attributed to the polyphenolic composition of leaves including quercitrin, trifolin and cymaroside, as well as the activation of caspase family enzymes 2, 6, 8 and 9 in treated cancer cells compared to control. The current findings of this study include a novel comprehensive investigation on the polyphenol composition and anticancer effects of leaf extracts of F. alnus and P. harmala from natural populations in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Biogenesis of rosmarinic acid in Mentha

1970 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Ellis ◽  
G. H. N. Towers
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Insoluble Polymers

The biogenesis of rosmarinic acid (α-O-caffeoyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-lactic acid), the second most common ester of caffeic acid in the plant kingdom, was studied in Mentha arvense and Mentha piperita. Administration of 14C-labelled compounds showed that, whereas the caffeoyl moiety was formed from phenylalanine via cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid, the 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-lactic acid moiety was formed from tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Time-course studies and the use of labelled rosmarinic acid showed that endogenous rosmarinic acid had a low turnover rate. The caffeoyl moiety did not appear to contribute to the formation of insoluble polymers, as has been suggested for chlorogenic acid in other plants.

scholarly journals Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Artichoke Leaf Extracts in Human HT-29 and RKO Colon Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4166
Author(s):  
Milena Villarini ◽  
Mattia Acito ◽  
Raffaella di Vito ◽  
Samuele Vannini ◽  
Luca Dominici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Colon Cancer Cells ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acids ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis ◽  
Ht 29

(1) Background: Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus (L.) Hegi, popularly known as artichoke, is an herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Artichoke leaf extracts (ALEs) have been widely used in traditional medicine because of their hepatoprotective, cholagogic, hypoglycaemic, hypolipemic and antibacterial properties. ALEs are also recognized for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic activities, as well as effect on cell growth of ALEs on human colon cancer HT-29 and RKO cells. HT-29 and RKO cells exhibit a different p53 status: RKO cells express the wild-type protein, whereas HT-29 cells express a p53-R273H contact mutant. (2) Methods: Four different ALEs were obtained by sequential extraction of dried artichoke leaves; ALEs were characterized for their content in chlorogenic acid, cynaropicrin, and caffeoylquinic acids. HT-29 and RKO cells were used for in vitro testing (i.e., cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis induction). (3) Results: Two out of the four tested ALEs showed marked effects on cell vitality toward HT-29 and RKO tumour cells. The effect was accompanied by a genotoxic activity exerted at a non-cytotoxic concentrations, by a significant perturbation of cell cycle (i.e., with increase of cells in the sub-G1 phase), and by the induction of apoptosis. (4) Conclusions: ALEs rich in cynaropicrin, caffeoylquinic acids, and chlorogenic acid showed to be capable of affecting HT-29 and RKO colon cancer cells by inducing favourable biological effects: cell cycle perturbation, activation of mitochondrial dependent pathway of apoptosis, and the induction of genotoxic effects probably mediated by the induction of apoptosis. Taken together, these results weigh in favour of a potential cancer chemotherapeutic activity of ALEs.

scholarly journals THE CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE POLYPHENOLS LONICERA CAERULEA SUBSP. PALLASII IN NATU-RAL CONDITIONS AND THE INTRODUCTION

2017 ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ирина (Irina) Георгиевна (Georgievna) Боярских (Boyarskikh) ◽  
Владимир (Vladimir) Геннадьевич (Gennad'evich) Васильев (Vasiliev) ◽  
Татьяна (Tat'jana) Абдулхаиловна (Abdulhailovna) Кукушкина (Kukushkina)
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
West Siberian Plain ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea

The purpose of this paper was a comparative to study population variability of individual and group composition of biologically active phenol compounds in leaves of Lonicera caerulea subsp. pallasii (Ledeb.) Browic. in natural population of south taiga subzone of West-Siberian plain, Altai Mauntains and in conditions of introduction in the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Priobye. Chlorogenic acid and its isomers neochlorogenic acid and dicaffeoyl quinic acid, glycozides of luteolin, apigenin and quercetin, apigenin and luteolin in leaf extracts of L. caerulea subsp. pallasii was identified by HPLC-MS. The quantitative variations content of compounds (classes of biologically active polyphenols and their individual components) depending on vegetation conditions have been explored using HPLC. The major components of L. caerulea subsp. pallasii leaves are rutinoside quercetin, chlorogenic acid and dicaffeoyl quinic acid. The content and ratio of the major phenolic compounds and the composition of their minor components varied depending on the location and conditions of plant growth. The content of derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols increased significantly in response to changes in habitat conditions in natural populations and in the introduction into the forest-steppe zone. The flavones are the least variable compounds in plant leaves. The results can be useful in elaboration of practical recommendations for picking medicinal and food plants in different vegetation conditions

scholarly journals Saudi Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum L. Polyphenols and Biological Activities

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam O. Elansary ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Paweł Kubica ◽  
Halina Ekiert ◽  
Diaa O. El-Ansary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gentisic Acid ◽  
Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid

Investigating the polyphenolic profile of natural Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum populations may reveal essential compounds that have biological activities. Natural populations of R. officinalis and O. basilicum in Northern Riyadh were investigated by HPLC-DAD analyses. Several polyphenols, including rosmarinic acid, gentisic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, rutoside, and others, out of 38 screened were confirmed. Rosmarinic acid was the major polyphenol in both of R. officinalis and O. basilicum. R. officinalis methanolic leaf extracts contained other phenols such as gentisic acid while O. basilicum contained also 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and rutoside as well as others. R. officinalis showed higher antioxidant activities than O. basilicum using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching assays. These higher activities are associated with a higher composition of rosmarinic acid in leaf extracts. The antioxidant activities of O. basilicum were attributed to identified phenols of rosmarinic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and rutoside. There were antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of leaf extracts, as well as identified polyphenols, against several cancer cells. These activities were attributed to the accumulation of necrotic and apoptotic cells in treated cancer cells with leaf extracts as well as identified polyphenols. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of leaf extracts were mainly attributed to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and rutoside in O. basilicum and rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid in R. officinalis. This study proved that R. officinalis and O. basilicum natural populations might be considered as promising sources of natural polyphenols with biological activities.

scholarly journals Anti-malarial Activity Of Phenolic Acids Is Structurally Related

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince A Fordjour ◽  
Jonathan P Adjimani ◽  
Bright Asare ◽  
Nancy O Duah-Quashie ◽  
Neils B Quashie
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Coumaric Acid

Abstract Background In the absence of an effective vaccine against malaria, chemotherapy remains a major option in the control of the disease. Then, the recent report of the emergence and spread of clones of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to available antimalarial drugs should be of concern as it poses a threat to disease control. Compounds whose pharmacological properties have been determined and touted for other disease can be investigated for antimalarial activity. Phenolic acids (polyphenols) have been reported to exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibiotic effects. However, information on their antimalarial activity is scanty. Phenolic acids are present in a variety of plant-based foods: mostly high in the skins and seeds of fruits as well as the leaves of vegetables. Systematic assessment of these compounds for antimalarial activity is therefore needed. Method Using the classical in vitro drug test, the antimalarial activities of five hydroxycinnamic acids, (caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, o-Coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and two hydroxybenzoic acids (gallic acid and protocatechuic acid) against 3D7 clones of Plasmodium falciparum was determined. Results Among the phenolic acids tested, caffeic acid and gallic acid were found to be the most effective, with mean IC 50 value of 17.73µg/ml and 26.59µg/ml respectively for three independent determinations. Protocatechuic acid had an IC 50 value of 30.08 µg/ml. Rosmarinic acid and chlorogenic acid, showed moderate antimalarial activities with IC 50 values of 103.59µg/ml and 105µg/ml respectively. The IC 50 values determined for ferulic acid and o-Coumaric acid were 93.36µg/ml and 82.23µg/ml respectively. Conclusion The outcome of this study suggest that natural occurring phenolic compounds have appreciable level of antimalarial activity which can be exploited for use through combination of actions/efforts including structural manipulation to attain an increase in their antimalarial effect. Eating of natural food products rich in these compounds could provide antimalarial prophylactic effect.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Light Stability, Single-Crystal Analysis, and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity on HepG2 Liver Cancer of Two Novel Silver(I) Complexes of Miconazole

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3629
Author(s):  
Karolina Stryjska ◽  
Lidia Radko ◽  
Lilianna Chęcińska ◽  
Joachim Kusz ◽  
Andrzej Posyniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Free Ligand ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities

Two novel silver(I) complexes of the biologically active ligand miconazole in the form of Ag(MCZ)2X (MCZ = 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole]; X = NO3− (1), ClO4− (2)) were synthesized and fully characterized. The complexes were obtained by reactions of Ag(I) salts with miconazole (MCZ). Silver(I) complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS spectrometry, and X-ray-crystallography. This work also presents a cytotoxicity study of the silver(I) complexes of miconazole and appropriate silver(I) salts using Balb/c 3T3 and HepG2 cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed based on four biochemical endpoints: lysosomal activity (neutral red uptake (NRU) assay), mitochondrial activity (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay), total protein content (TPC assay), and cellular membrane integrity (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay). The cancer HepG2 cells were more sensitive to the complexes tested, and the most affected endpoint was cellular membrane damage compared to Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts. Moreover, study complexes inhibited the growth of cancer cells at submicromolecular concentrations (0.26–0.47 μM) lower than that required for the anticancer agent, cisplatin, in MTT, NRU, and TPC assays. Both complexes were characterized by higher toxicity to human cancer cells (HepG2) than silver(I) salts and the free ligand. Combination of Ag(I) salts with miconazole is associated with the marked improvement of cytotoxic activities that can be considered as the significant point in the construction of a new generation of antineoplastic agents.

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