scholarly journals Toxicological Profile of Biological Environment of Two Elastodontic Devices

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2116
Author(s):  
Stefania Dinu ◽  
Roxana Buzatu ◽  
Ioana Macasoi ◽  
Malina Popa ◽  
Cristian Sebastian Vlad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Toxicological Profile ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Apoptotic Marker ◽  
Biological Environment

Malocclusion and teething problems are common health problems globally, affecting people of all ages, especially children and adolescents. In addition to the pathophysiological complications associated with orthodontic problems, they also affect the well-being of the individual. Orthodontic appliances are frequently used, even from an early age, and their activity in different biological environments is very varied and incompletely described. Due to these considerations, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the toxicological profile of the biological environment (saliva at three pH values: 3, 7, and 10) of two elastodontic orthodontic appliances: Myobrace (MB) and LM TrainerTM 2 (LMD). In vitro techniques applied were conducted on human keratinocytes to evaluate cell viability (Alamar blue assay) and gene expression real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR technique). In addition, it was assessed the irritating effect on the vascular plexus using as a biological model the chorioallantoic membrane of the hen’s egg by applying the hen’s egg-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) method. The obtained results showed a decrease in cell viability up to 82% in the case of LMD at pH = 3, a slight increase in mRNA expression for the anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL), and a decrease in mRNA expression for the pro-apoptotic marker (Bad), and any type of toxic change at the capillary level (irritation score being below 0.9). Based on the data obtained, it can be stated that MB and LMD biological environments, at different pH values, present a safe toxicological profile.

scholarly journals Development, Cytotoxicity and Eye Irritation Profile of a New Sunscreen Formulation Based on Benzophenone-3-poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanocapsules

Toxics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thallysson Carvalho Barbosa ◽  
Lívia Éven Dias Nascimento ◽  
Cristiane Bani ◽  
Taline Almeida ◽  
Marcelo Nery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Toxicological Profile ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
L929 Fibroblast ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Sunscreen Formulation

The objective of this work was to characterize the toxicological profile of a newly developed sunscreen formulation based on polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) loading benzophenone-3 (BZP3). NCs composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) carrot oil and Pluronic® F68 were produced by emulsification-diffusion method. Their mean particle size (Z-Ave) ranged from 280 to 420 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) was below 0.37, while zeta potential (ZP) reached about |+11 mV|. No cytotoxic effects were observed in L929 fibroblast cell line for the blank (i.e., non-loaded) NCs and BZP3-loaded NCs (BZP3-NCs). The semi-solid sunscreen formulation was stable over time (centrifugation testing) and exhibited non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior, which is typical of products for topical application onto the skin. The sun protection factor (SPF) value reached 8.84, when incorporating BZP3-NCs (SPF of 8.64) into the semi-solid formulation. A synergistic effect was also observed when combining the formulation ingredients of nanocapsules, i.e., SPF of carrot oil was 6.82, blank NCs was 6.84, and BZP3-loaded NCs was 8.64. From the hen’s egg-chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM) test, the non-irritation profile of the developed formulations could also be confirmed. The obtained results show a promising use of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules to be loaded with lipophilic sunscreens as benzophenone-3.

scholarly journals THE MODULATION OF DRUG EFFLUX TRANSPORTER BY CURCUMIN IN MCF7 BREAST CANCER CELLS AFTER REPEATED EXPOSURE OF ENDOXIFEN AND ESTRADIOL

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Robby Hertanto ◽  
Wilson Bastian ◽  
Paramita . ◽  
Melva Louisa
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Efflux Transporters ◽  
Drug Efflux ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Drug Efflux Transporters

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine whether curcumin (CM) can prevent drug sensitivity of breast cancer (BC) cells when E andβ-E2 are administered together and whether the underlying mechanism involves modulation of drug efflux transporters.Methods: MCF7 BC cells were treated with the vehicle only, E+β-E2, or E+β-E2+CM repeatedly for 8 weeks. Afterward, the cells were harvested,counted, and isolated for total RNA extraction. Total RNA was then processed into cDNA and further processed for the determination of mRNAexpression patterns of drug efflux transporters (P-glycoprotein, BCRP, and MRP1).Results: Decreased sensitivity of BC cells was shown by the increased cell viability of MCF7 cells after 8 weeks. This condition was accompanied withincreased mRNA expression of P-glycoprotein, BCRP, and MRP1 in cells treated with E+β-E2, as compared with the vehicle only. CM, administered incombination with E+β-E2, resulted in decreased cell viability versus E and β-E2 and also decreased in mRNA expression of P-glycoprotein, BCRP, andMRP1.Conclusion: CM partially reversed the sensitivity loss of BC cells to E in the presence of β-E2 by modulating drug efflux transporters.

The influence of apple- and red-wine pomace rich diet on mRNA expression of inflammatory and apoptotic markers in different piglet organs

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sehm ◽  
H. Lindermayer ◽  
H. H. D. Meyer ◽  
M. W. Pfaffl
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Apoptotic Marker ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Mrna Gene Expression

Flavan-3-ols are a class of flavonoids that are widely distributed in fruits and beverages including red wine and apples. Consumption of flavanoid-rich food has been shown to exhibit anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating effects. To test the nutritional effects of flavanols on mRNA gene-expression of inflammatory and apoptotic marker genes, piglets were given two flavanoids-rich feeding regimens: a low flavanoid standard diet (SD) was compared with diets enriched with 3·5% apple pomace (APD) or 3·5% red-wine pomace (RWPD). The influence on mRNA expression levels was investigated in different immunological active tissues and in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). The investigation took place from 1 week prior weaning to 19 days post weaning in 78 piglets. The expression of expressed marker genes was determinate by one-step quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR): TNFα, NFκB as pro-inflammatory; IL10, as anti-inflammatory; caspase 3 as apoptosis; cyclin D1 as cell cycle marker; and nucleosome component histon H3 as reference gene.The feeding regimens result in tissue individual regulation of mRNA gene expression in all investigated organs. It was discovered that there were significant differences between the applied diets and significant changes during feeding time curse. Both pomace treatments caused a significant up-regulation of all investigated genes in liver. The effect on mesenterial lymph nodes and spleen was not prominent. In the GIT, the treatment groups showed a inhibitory effects on gene expression mainly in stomach and jejunum (NFκB, cyclin D1 and caspase 3). In colon the trend of caspase 3 was positive with the greatest change in the RWPD group.In jejunum and stomach the cell cycle turn over was reduced, whereas in liver the cell turn over was highly accelerate. The influence on inflammatory marker gene expression is mainly relevant in stomach. It is presume that both flavanoid rich feeding regimens have the potential to modulate the mRNA expressions of inflammatory, proliferation and apoptotic marker genes in the GIT and piglet organs.

scholarly journals Studies on Surfactants, Cosurfactants, and Oils for Prospective Use in Formulation of Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Nanoemulsions

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Shahla S. Smail ◽  
Mowafaq M. Ghareeb ◽  
Huner K. Omer ◽  
Ali A. Al-Kinani ◽  
Raid G. Alany
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Molecular Descriptors ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Log P ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Ketorolac Tromethamine ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Tween 60

Nanoemulsions (NE) are isotropic, dispersions of oil, water, surfactant(s) and cosurfactant(s). A range of components (11 surfactants, nine cosurfactants, and five oils) were investigated as potential excipients for preparation of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) ocular nanoemulsion. Diol cosurfactants were investigated for the effect of their carbon chain length and dielectric constant (DEC), Log P, and HLB on saturation solubility of KT. Hen’s Egg Test—ChorioAllantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) assay was used to evaluate conjunctival irritation of selected excipients. Of the investigated surfactants, Tween 60 achieved the highest KT solubility (9.89 ± 0.17 mg/mL), followed by Cremophor RH 40 (9.00 ± 0.21 mg/mL); amongst cosurfactants of interest ethylene glycol yielded the highest KT solubility (36.84 ± 0.40 mg/mL), followed by propylene glycol (26.23 ± 0.82 mg/mL). The solubility of KT in cosurfactants was affected by four molecular descriptors: carbon chain length, DEC, log P and HLB. KT solubility was directly proportional to DEC and the HLB yet, inversely proportional to carbon chain length and log P. All surfactants, except Labrasol ALF, were non-irritant. The majority of cosurfactants were slightly irritant, butylene glycol was a moderate irritant, pentylene and hexylene glycols were strong irritants. These findings will inform experiments aimed at developing NE formulations for ocular administration of KT.

scholarly journals Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC (Asteraceae) Extract-Loaded Nanoemulsions as a Promising Topical Wound Healing Delivery System: In Vitro Assessments in Human Keratinocytes (HaCaT) and HET-CAM Irritant Potential

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Lucélia Albarello Balestrin ◽  
Tainá Kreutz ◽  
Flávia Nathiely Silveira Fachel ◽  
Juliana Bidone ◽  
Nicolly Espindola Gelsleichter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Hacat Cell ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Scratch Assay ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Achyrocline Satureioides ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC Asteraceae extracts (ASEs) have been investigated for the treatment of various skin disorders. This study reports the effects of ASE-loaded nanoemulsions (NEASE) on the cellular viability, death by necrosis, and migration of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line), as well as the irritant potential through the hen’s egg chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM). NEASE exhibited a polydispersity index above 0.12, with a droplet size of 300 nm, ζ-potential of −40 mV, and content of flavonoids close to 1 mg/mL. No cytotoxicity of the ASE was observed on HaCaT by MTT assay (up to 10 µg/mL). A significant increase of HaCaT viability was observed to NEASE (up to 5 μg/mL of flavonoids), compared to treatment with the ASE. The necrosis death evaluation demonstrated that only NEASE did not lead to cell death at all the tested concentrations. The scratch assay demonstrated that NEASE was able to increase the cell migration at low flavonoid concentrations. Finally, the HET-CAM test proved the non-irritative potential of NEASE. Overall, the results indicate the potential of the proposed formulations for topical use in wound healing, in view of their promising effects on proliferation and migration in keratinocytes, combined with an indication of the absence of cytotoxicity and non-irritating potential.

scholarly journals Investigating the ocular toxicity potential and therapeutic efficiency of in situ gel nanoemulsion formulations of brinzolamide

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-587
Author(s):  
Sima Talaei ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Mahboobian ◽  
Mojdeh Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
Vessel Injury ◽  
Hen’S Egg

Abstract Glaucoma is an ocular disease i.e. more common in older adults with elevated intraocular pressure and a serious threat to vision if it is not controlled. Due to the limitations regarding the conventional form of brinzolamide (Azopt®), two optimum formulations of in situ gel nanoemulsion were developed. To ensure the safety and efficacy of developed formulations for ocular drug delivery, the current study was designed. MTT assay was carried out on the human retinal pigmentation epithelial cells. To investigate the irritation potential of the chosen formulations, hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane as a borderline test between in vivo and in vitro methods has been done. The modified Draize method was utilized to evaluate eye tolerance against the selected formulations. Intraocular pressure was measured by applying the prepared formulations to the eyes of normotensive albino rabbits in order to assess the therapeutic efficacy. Based on MTT test, cell viability for NE-2 at 0.1% and NE-1 at 0.1 and 0.5% concentrations was acceptable. The results of the hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane test indicated no sign of vessel injury on the chorioallantoic membrane surface for both formulations. Also, during 24 h, both formulations were well-tolerated by rabbit eyes. The pharmacodynamics effects of formulations had no difference or were even higher than that of suspension in case of adding lower concentration (0.5%) of brinzolamide to the formulations. With regard to the results of the mentioned methods, our advanced formulations were effective, safe, and well-tolerated, thus can be introduced as an appropriate vehicle for ocular delivery of brinzolamide.

scholarly journals Effects of paeonol on the expression of NF-κB pathways in human umbilical veins endothelial cells induced by homocysteine

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Qian Xu ◽  
Kai Cao ◽  
Yan-Hong Xiao ◽  
Chao Du ◽  
Xian-Hui Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Human Umbilical Vein ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of paeonol on the expression of NF-κB pathway induced by homocysteine. After Human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to homocysteine for 24 hours,  paeonol (0.15-0.6 mmol/L) improved the cell viability (p&lt;0.05). NF-κB p65 mRNA expression was reduced largely (p&lt;0.05) and IκB-α protein expression increased significantly (p&lt;0.01). The staining of NF-κB p65 in nucleus was not as much as those in homocysteine injured model group (p&lt;0.01). Therefore, paeonol can inhibit IκB-α protein degradation and suppress NF-κB transferred into nuclear in order to inhibit the activation of NF-κB.</p><p> </p>

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