scholarly journals Municipal Solid Waste as a Source of Electric Power Generation in Colombia: A Techno-Economic Evaluation under Different Scenarios

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Alzate ◽  
Bonie Restrepo-Cuestas ◽  
Álvaro Jaramillo-Duque
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Conversion Technologies

This work evaluates the techno-economic prefeasibility of waste to energy projects in Colombia using four different conversion technologies of incineration, gasification, anaerobic digestion and landfill gas. Three study cases were selected to represent typical urban centers in Colombia, which were namely Guayatá, Andes and Pasto. After feasible technologies were identified for each case, their energy recovery potential was calculated based on the mathematical models and publicly available information about the composition of the wastes produced in these three municipalities. A subsequent economic analysis was conducted by applying the incentives established in Law 1715 for projects involving non-conventional renewable energy sources. The cash flows produced by each technology in the three scenarios were evaluated to obtain the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), which was found to be influenced by the benefits of this legislation. However, the economic benefits were not significant in the small municipality of Guayatá. In turn, in Andes, a high electricity price (100 USD/MWh) would entail a positive IRR of 2.6%. In Pasto, which is the biggest city of the three, the maximum IRR of landfill gas and anaerobic digestion reached 13.59% and 14.27%, respectively. The results show that these types of projects can have positive economic results if tax and government incentives are taken into account.

scholarly journals Case Study of Viability of Bioenergy Production from Landfill Gas (LFG)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas ◽  
Vasiliki K. Skoulou
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Crete Island ◽  
Near Future

<p>The landfill gas (LFG) produced from the existing landfill site in Heraklion city, Crete island, Greece, is not currently exploited to its full potential. It could however be exploited for power generation and/or combined heat and power (CHP) production in near future by fully unlocking its energy production potential of the gas generated from the landfill site. This gas (LFG) could feed a 1.6 MW<sub>el</sub> power plant corresponding to the 0.42% of the annually consumed electricity in Crete. The LFG utilization for power generation and CHP production has been studied, and the economics of three energy production scenarios have been calculated. An initial capital investment of 2.4 to 3.2 M €, with payback times (PBT) of approximately 3.5 to 6 years and Net Present Values (NPV) ranging between 2 to 6 M € have been calculated. These values prove the profitability of the attempt of bioenergy production from the biogas produced from the existing landfill site in Heraklion city, Crete. Based on the current economic situation of the country, any similar initiative could positively contribute to strengthening the economy of local community and as a result the country, offering several other socioeconomic benefits like e.g. waste minimization, creation of new job positions etc. by increasing, at the same time, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) share in energy production sector etc. Apart from the favorable economics of the proposed waste to energy production scheme, all the additional environmental and social benefits make the attempt of a near future exploitation of the landfill gas produced in Heraklion, an attractive short term alternative for waste to bio-energy production.</p>

scholarly journals Emerging Technologies for Waste to Energy Production: A General Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajal Saini ◽  
Keshav Saini
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Growing Population

Growing population leads to industrialisation and urbanization which in turn generate huge amount of waste that represents a big problem for many developed and developing countries. Emerging solution for this problem can be use of wastes as a sustainable source of energy in the form of heat, electricity, fertilizer and biofuel like bioethanol. Type of technology employed is mainly based on the composition of waste whether it is rich in organic matter like MSW or not. WTE technologies reduce the volume of waste as well as decrease the dependence on fossil fuels for energy generation.This study focuses on overview of various available waste to energy conversion technologies like pyrolysis, gasification, incineration, biochemical treatments like landfill gas, aerobic and anaerobic digestion of wastes.

scholarly journals Energy from municipal solid wastes: Galati city case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Bogdan Gabriel Carp ◽  
Gabriel Mocanu ◽  
Ion V. Ion ◽  
Florin Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
City Region ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Electrical Energy Production

The municipal solid wastes (MSW) can be turned into resources through recycling and energy recovery. To obtain the maximum amount of energy, the appropriate technology must be applied to waste treatment. The composition and characteristics of municipal solid wastes are determinant for technologies choice for MSW in a city/region. Municipal authorities from the Galati city proposed a recovery rate of recyclable materials of 60% from MSW and treatment of the post-recycling MSW as follow: biodegradable fraction by anaerobic digestion and the combustible fraction by incineration or gasification. In this study traditional and innovative waste to energy technologies have been analysed and the potential of electrical energy of waste has been estimated. Results show that plasma gasification system of raw MSW coupled with gas turbine engine has almost the same electrical energy production (32.92 GWh/year) as conventional gasification of combustible material from MSW (17.21GWh/year) coupled with anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of MSW (11.65 GWh/year). By recovering and using the landfill gas from the Tirighina landfill, 6.68 GWh of electricity can be produced annually.

Conversion Technologies: A New Option for MSW Management

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Jenkins ◽  
Robert Legrand
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Material Recovery Facility ◽  
Conversion Technologies

Conversion technologies (CTs) utilize thermal or biological processes to convert municipal solid waste (MSW) or Material Recovery Facility (MRF) residuals into useful products, such as electricity, fertilizers, and chemicals. These technologies, such as pyrolysis, gasification, and anaerobic digestion are very different from conventional waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies for MSW. CTs can provide greater efficiency and environmental benefits compared to WTE, and environmental and societal benefits compared to landfilling.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Digestion Performance: Separate Collected vs. Mechanical Segregated Organic Fractions of Municipal Solid Waste as Feedstock

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Seruga ◽  
Małgorzata Krzywonos ◽  
Anna Seruga ◽  
Łukasz Niedźwiecki ◽  
Halina Pawlak-Kruczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Biogas Yield

The replacement of fossil fuel with renewable energy sources seems as though it will be crucial in the future. On the other hand, waste generation increases year by year. Thus, waste-to-energy technologies fit in with the actual trends, such as the circular economy. The crucial type of generated waste is municipal solid waste, which is in the research area. Regarding the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), anaerobic digestion (AD) allows the recovery of biogas and energy. Furthermore, if it is supported by source segregation, it should allow the recovery of material as fertilizer. The AD process performance (biogas yield and stability) comparison of source-segregated OFMSW (ss-OFMWS) and mechanically sorted OFMSW (ms-OFMSW) as feedstocks was performed in full-scale conditions. The daily biogas volume and methane content were measured to assess AD efficiency. To verify the process stability, the volatile fatty acid (VFA) content, pH value, acidity, alkalinity, and dry matter were determined. The obtained biogas yield per ton was slightly higher in the case of ss-OFMSW (111.1 m3/ton), compared to ms-OFMSW (105.3 m3/ton), together with a higher methane concentration: 58–60% and 51–53%, respectively, and followed by a higher electricity production capacity of almost 700 MWh for ss-OFMSW digestion. The obtained VFA concentrations, at levels around 1.1 g/kg, pH values (slightly above 8.0), acidity, and alkalinity indicate the possibilities of the digester feeding and no-risk exploitation of either as feedstock.

scholarly journals Potential Contribution of Waste-to-Energy to Power Consumption in the Gaza Strip

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
The Gaza Strip

Sustainable energy supply is one of the main challenges that people will face over the coming decades. Biomass can make a substantial contribution to supplying future energy demand in a sustainable way. Currently it is the largest global contributor of renewable energy, and has significant potential to expand the production of heat, electricity and fuels for transport. Municipal solid waste is an enormous renewable resource that has high energy capacity because it contains a high proportion of biomass materials. This kind of sustainable waste management typically called waste-to-energy is critical for reducing the reliance on fossil fuels and non-renewable materials. Waste-to-energy is a reliable and alternative form of energy that has become the basis for many of the most successful solid waste management systems in many countries. Energy recovery from waste is the conversion of waste materials into useable heat, electricity, or fuel through a variety of processes. This study assesses the potential contribution of waste-to-energy facilities to total Gaza peak power demand up to the year 2040 based on three scenarios: incineration, anaerobic digestion and landfill gas recovery. Three dumping sites are distributed along the Gaza Strip, Johr El-deek, Deir El-balah and Rafah. The analysis shows a potential to produce about 1100 MWh per day based on the anaerobic digestion scenario, about 580 MWh per day based on incineration of municipal solid waste scenario, and about 130 MWh per day based on landfill gas recovery scenario. These values accounts to 275%, 145% and 33% of the year 2014 peak electricity demand of 400 megawatt from the three scenarios, respectively. The forecasted results of the three scenarios can be used to design future waste-to- energy facilities in the main cities of the Gaza Strip. The production cost of energy was 7¢/kWh, 5¢/kWh and 17¢/kWhfor incineration, anaerobic digestion and landfill gas recovery scenarios, respectively.

scholarly journals The Economic Effects of Electromobility in Sustainable Urban Public Transport

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliwia Pietrzak ◽  
Krystian Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

This paper focuses on effects of implementing zero-emission buses in public transport fleets in urban areas in the context of electromobility assumptions. It fills the literature gap in the area of research on the impact of the energy mix of a given country on the issues raised in this article. The main purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse economic effects of implementing zero-emission buses in public transport in cities. The research area was the city of Szczecin, Poland. The research study was completed using the following research methods: literature review, document analysis (legal acts and internal documents), case study, ratio analysis, and comparative analysis of selected variants (investment variant and base variant). The conducted research study has shown that economic benefits resulting from implementing zero-emission buses in an urban transport fleet are limited by the current energy mix structure of the given country. An unfavourable energy mix may lead to increased emissions of SO2 and CO2 resulting from operation of this kind of vehicle. Therefore, achieving full effects in the field of electromobility in the given country depends on taking concurrent actions in order to diversify the power generation sources, and in particular on increasing the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES).

Life Cycle Comparison of Two Options for MSW Management in Puerto Rico: Thermal Treatment vs. Modern Landfilling

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle Balaguer-Da´tiz ◽  
Nikhil Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Life Cycle Inventory ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
The Body ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Wide Range

The management of municipal solid wastes (MSW) in Puerto Rico is becoming increasingly challenging. In recent years, several of the older landfills have closed due to lack of compliance with federal landfill requirements. Puerto Rico is an island community and there is limited space for construction of new landfills. Furthermore, Puerto Rico residents generate more waste per capita than people living on the continental US. Thermal treatment, or waste to energy (WTE) technologies are therefore a promising option for MSW management. It is critical to consider environmental impacts when making decisions related to MSW management. In this paper we quantify and compare the environmental implications of thermal treatment of MSW with modern landfilling for Puerto Rico from a life cycle perspective. The Caguas municipality is currently considering developing a thermal treatment plant. We compare this to an expansion of a landfill site in the Humacao municipality, which currently receives waste from Caguas. The scope of our analysis includes a broad suite of activities associated with management of MSW. We include: (i) the transportation of MSW; (ii) the impacts of managing waste (e.g., landfill gas emissions and potential aqueous run-off with landfills; air emissions of metals, dioxins and greenhouse gases) and (iii) the implications of energy and materials offsets from the waste management process (e.g., conversion of landfill gas to electricity, electricity produced in thermal treatment, and materials recovered from thermal treatment ash). We developed life cycle inventory models for different waste management processes, incorporating information from a wide range of sources — including peer reviewed life cycle inventory databases, the body of literature on environmental impact of waste management, and site-specific factors for Puerto Rico (e.g. waste composition, rainfall patterns, electricity mix). We managed uncertainty in data and models by constructing different scenarios for both technologies based on realistic ranges of emission factors. The results show that thermal treatment of the unrecyclable part of the waste stream is the preferred option for waste management when compared to modern landfilling. Furthermore, Eco-indicator 99 method is used to investigate the human health, ecosystem quality and resource use impact categories.

scholarly journals The Potential of Using Renewable Energy Sources in Poland Taking into Account the Economic and Ecological Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7525
Author(s):  
Mariusz Niekurzak
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Starting Point

The aim of the manuscript was to present the collective results of research on the profitability of using various renewable sources in Poland with the greatest development potential. In the paper, the economic parameters of various investment projects were determined and calculated, i.e., Net Capital Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and the Period of Return on Invested Capital (PBT). The economic assessment of the use of RES technologies was supplemented with the assessment of environmental benefits. The ecological criterion adopted in the study was the assessment of the potential and costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions as a result of replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy technologies. On the basis of the constructed economic model to assess the profitability of investments, it has been shown that the analyzed projects will start to bring, depending on their type and technical specification, measurable economic benefits in the form of a reduction in the amount of energy purchased on an annual basis and environmental benefits in the form of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. Moreover, the calculations show a high potential for the use of certain renewable sources in Poland, which contributes to the fulfillment of energy and emission obligations towards the EU. The analyzes and research of the Polish energy market with the use of the presented models have shown that the project is fully economically justified and will allow investors to make a rational decision on the appropriate selection of a specific renewable energy source for their investment. The presented economic models to assess the profitability of investments in renewable energy sources can be successfully used in other countries and can also be a starting point for a discussion about the direction of energy development. Due to the lack of collective, original and up-to-date research on the domestic market, the manuscript provides the reader with the necessary knowledge regarding the legitimacy of using renewable energy sources, investment and environmental profitability.

scholarly journals Development of a Micro grid with Renewable Energy Sources with Feedback Controller

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2014-2018
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Industrial Projects ◽  
Micro Grid

To make micro grid with renewable energy and to over come the technical challenges and economy base and policy and regulatory challenges . From the natural wastage we can generate the Electricity. Thus, the Electrical Power or Electricity is available with a low cost and pollution free to anyplace in the world at all times. This process divulge a unequaled step in electricity generation and this type of generation is maintain the ecological balance. We can have an uninterrupted power supply irrespective of the natural condition without any kind of environmental pollution. More influence this process relent the less production cost for electricity generation. Micro grids have long been used in remote areas to power off-grid villages, military operations or industrial projects. But increasingly they are being used in cities or towns, in urban centers. Here we try a proto type of micro grid with renewable energy sources.

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