Winds of Change for Future Operational AMV at EUMETSAT

EUMETSAT, the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, is one of the key contributors to global atmospheric motion vector (AMV) production around the world. Its current contribution includes geostationary satellites at 0.0 and 41.5 degrees east, and several products extracted from the Metop low-orbit satellites. These last ones mainly cover high-latitude regions completing the observations from the geostationary ring. In the upcoming years, EUMETSAT will launch a new generation of geostationary and low-orbit satellites. The imager instruments Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) and METImage will take over the nominal AMV production at EUMETSAT around 2022 and 2024. The enhanced characteristics of these new-generation instruments are expected to increase AMV production and to improve the quality of the products. This paper presents an overview of the current EUMETSAT AMV operational production, together with a roadmap of the preparation activities for the new generation of satellites. The characteristics of the upcoming AMV products are described and compared to the current operational AMV products. This paper also presents a recent investigation into AMV extraction using the Sentinel-3 Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) instrument, as well as the retrieval of wind profiles from infrared sounders.

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2018 Atmospheric Motion Vector (AMV) Intercomparison Study

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11192240 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (19) ◽

pp. 2240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David Santek ◽

Richard Dworak ◽

Sharon Nebuda ◽

Steve Wanzong ◽

Régis Borde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weather Prediction ◽

Motion Vector ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Japan Meteorological Agency ◽

Radiative Transfer Model ◽

Transfer Model ◽

European Organization ◽

Specific Configuration ◽

Atmospheric Motion ◽

Height Assignment

Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) calculated by six different institutions (Brazil Center for Weather Prediction and Climate Studies/CPTEC/INPE, European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites/EUMETSAT, Japan Meteorological Agency/JMA, Korea Meteorological Administration/KMA, Unites States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/NOAA, and the Satellite Application Facility on Support to Nowcasting and Very short range forecasting/NWCSAF) with JMA’s Himawari-8 satellite data and other common input data are here compared. The comparison is based on two different AMV input datasets, calculated with two different image triplets for 21 July 2016, and the use of a prescribed and a specific configuration. The main results of the study are summarized as follows: (1) the differences in the AMV datasets depend very much on the ‘AMV height assignment’ used and much less on the use of a prescribed or specific configuration; (2) the use of the ‘Common Quality Indicator (CQI)’ has a quantified skill in filtering collocated AMVs for an improved statistical agreement between centers; (3) Among the six AMV operational algorithms verified by this AMV Intercomparison, JMA AMV algorithm has the best overall performance considering all validation metrics, mainly due to its new height assignment method: ‘Optimal estimation method considering the observed infrared radiances, the vertical profile of the Numerical Weather Prediction wind, and the estimated brightness temperature using a radiative transfer model’.

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The development of secular education: problems and prospects

Ukrainian Religious Studies ◽

10.32420/2005.36.1674 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 196-204

Author(s):

R. Kryzhanovskii ◽

P. Pavlyuk

Keyword(s):

Christian Education ◽

School Knowledge ◽

Secular Education ◽

The World ◽

Market Relations ◽

New Generation

A new generation born during perestroika enters the world. This restructuring was not supported by repentance and spiritual rebirth. That is the cause of our crisis. Parents and teachers were more concerned about survival, shuttle-market relations, than education and schooling. The lack of elementary culture, general ignorance and the low quality of school knowledge in most applicants are now found by all universities. Without Christian education and upbringing, the problems will escalate.

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The LSA-SAF ET product: an operational service of sub-daily estimation of evapotranspiration in near-real time across Europe, Africa and Eastern South America

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-18108 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

José Miguel Barrios ◽

Alirio Arboleda ◽

Françoise Gellens-Meulenberghs

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Real Time ◽

Land Surface ◽

Human Life ◽

Plant Cover ◽

Heat Fluxes ◽

Satellite Observations ◽

European Organization ◽

Meteorological Satellite

The Satellite Application Facility on Analysis on Land Surface Analysis (LSA-SAF) has been set up by the European Organization of the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellite (EUMETSAT, see http://lsa-saf.eumetsat.int/). Its major goal is the development of products characterizing the condition of the Earth's continental surfaces on the basis of meteorological satellite observations.The exchange of energy and water fluxes between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere is a major phenomenon driving a series of processes that impact human life. Noteworthy examples are: agriculture yields, local weather conditions, water availability, intensity and extent of droughts, the ability of ecosystems to provide services to society, etc. The relevance of these processes has motivated the exploitation of satellite observations from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) to develop algorithms for the estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and both latent and sensible heat fluxes in an operational framework functioning in near-real time.The LSA-SAF ET product comprises half-hourly and daily estimates across Europe, Africa and the east side of South America. The quality of the ET product has been assessed by contrasting the estimates to in-situ measurements in flux measurement stations scattered across diverse climatic regions and plant cover types. The validation exercises -conducted by the development team as well as by independent studies- have corroborated the good quality of the product.This contribution is intended to share details of the main principles of the algorithm (with insight to latest developments), the forcing variables (including several products derived from the SEVIRI instrument on-board MSG) and the ways of accessing and using the data.

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Satellite Retrieval of Downwelling Shortwave Surface Flux and Diffuse Fraction under All Sky Conditions in the Framework of the LSA SAF Program (Part 2: Evaluation)

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11222630 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 2630 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dominique Carrer ◽

Suman Moparthy ◽

Chloé Vincent ◽

Xavier Ceamanos ◽

Sandra C. Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Surface ◽

Surface Radiation ◽

Wave Radiation ◽

Mean Bias Error ◽

Bias Error ◽

Separate Analysis ◽

European Organization ◽

Diffuse Fraction ◽

Sky Conditions

High frequency knowledge of the spatio-temporal distribution of the downwelling surface shortwave flux (DSSF) and its diffuse fraction (fd) at the surface is nowadays essential for understanding climate processes at the surface–atmosphere interface, plant photosynthesis and carbon cycle, and for the solar energy sector. The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Satellite Application Facility for Land Surface Analysis operationally delivers estimation of the MDSSFTD (MSG Downwelling Surface Short-wave radiation Fluxes—Total and Diffuse fraction) product with an operational status since the year 2019. The method for retrieval was presented in a companion paper. Part 2 now focuses on the evaluation of the MDSSFTD algorithm and presents a comparison of the corresponding outputs, i.e., total DSSF and diffuse fraction (fd) components, against in situ measurements acquired at four Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) stations over a seven-month period. The validation is performed on an instantaneous basis. We show that the satellite estimates of DSSF and fd meet the target requirements defined by the user community for all-sky (clear and cloudy) conditions. For DSSF, the requirements are 20 Wm−2 for DSSF < 200 Wm−2, and 10% for DSSF ≥ 200 Wm−2. The mean bias error (MBE) and relative mean bias error (rMBE) compared to the ground measurements are 3.618 Wm−2 and 0.252%, respectively. For fd, the requirements are 0.1 for fd < 0.5, and 20% for fd ≥ 0.5. The MBE and rMBE compared to the ground measurements are −0.044% and −17.699%, respectively. The study also provides a separate analysis of the product performances for clear sky and cloudy sky conditions. The importance of representing the cloud–aerosol radiative coupling in the MDSSFTD method is discussed. Finally, it is concluded that the quality of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) forecasts currently available is accurate enough to obtain reliable diffuse solar flux estimates. This quality of AOD forecasts was still a limitation a few years ago.

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2018 Atmospheric Motion Vector (AMV) Intercomparison Study

10.20944/preprints201908.0017.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David Santek ◽

Richard Dworak ◽

Sharon Nebuda ◽

Steve Wanzong ◽

Régis Borde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weather Prediction ◽

Motion Vector ◽

Optimal Estimation ◽

Japan Meteorological Agency ◽

Common Input ◽

European Organization ◽

Specific Configuration ◽

Atmospheric Motion ◽

Height Assignment ◽

Intercomparison Study

Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) calculated by six different institutions (Brazil Center for Weather Prediction and Climate Studies/CPTEC/INPE, European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites/EUMETSAT, Japan Meteorological Agency/JMA, Korea Meteorological Administration/KMA, Unites States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/NOAA and the Satellite Application Facility on Support to Nowcasting/NWCSAF) with JMA’s Himawari-8 satellite data and other common input data are here compared. The comparison is based on two different AMV input datasets, calculated with two different image triplets for 21 July 2016, and the use of a prescribed and a specific configuration. The main results of the study are summarized as follows: (1) the differences in the AMV datasets depend very much on the “AMV height assignment” used and much less on the use of a prescribed or specific configuration; (2) the use of the “Common Quality Indicator (CQI)” has a quantified skill in filtering collocated AMVs for an improved statistical agreement between centers; (3) JMA AMV algorithm has the best overall performance considering all validation metrics, most likely due to its height assignment: “optimal estimation using observed radiance and NWP wind vertical profile”.

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Impact of COVID-19 Induced Lockdown on Environmental Quality in Four Indian Megacities Using Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS-Derived Data and Mamdani Fuzzy Logic Modelling Approach

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12135464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (13) ◽

pp. 5464 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sasanka Ghosh ◽

Arijit Das ◽

Tusar Kanti Hembram ◽

Sunil Saha ◽

Biswajeet Pradhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Quality ◽

Land Surface ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Fuzzy Ahp ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Moisture Index ◽

Biophysical Parameters ◽

The World

The deadly COVID-19 virus has caused a global pandemic health emergency. This COVID-19 has spread its arms to 200 countries globally and the megacities of the world were particularly affected with a large number of infections and deaths, which is still increasing day by day. On the other hand, the outbreak of COVID-19 has greatly impacted the global environment to regain its health. This study takes four megacities (Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, and Chennai) of India for a comprehensive assessment of the dynamicity of environmental quality resulting from the COVID-19 induced lockdown situation. An environmental quality index was formulated using remotely sensed biophysical parameters like Particulate Matters PM10 concentration, Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Different Moisture Index (NDMI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Fuzzy-AHP, which is a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making process, has been utilized to derive the weight of the indicators and aggregation. The results showing that COVID-19 induced lockdown in the form of restrictions on human and vehicular movements and decreasing economic activities has improved the overall quality of the environment in the selected Indian cities for a short time span. Overall, the results indicate that lockdown is not only capable of controlling COVID-19 spread, but also helpful in minimizing environmental degradation. The findings of this study can be utilized for assessing and analyzing the impacts of COVID-19 induced lockdown situation on the overall environmental quality of other megacities of the world.

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Characterizing AMV Height-Assignment Error by Comparing Best-Fit Pressure Statistics from the Met Office and ECMWF Data Assimilation Systems

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/jamc-d-14-0025.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 225-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Kirsti Salonen ◽

James Cotton ◽

Niels Bormann ◽

Mary Forsythe

Keyword(s):

Data Assimilation ◽

Motion Vector ◽

Assignment Method ◽

Uncertainty Estimates ◽

Atmospheric Motion ◽

The Difference ◽

Height Assignment ◽

Best Fit ◽

Assignment Error

AbstractTo ensure realistic use of atmospheric motion vector (AMV) observations in data assimilation, the error characteristics of the observation type need to be known and carefully taken into account. Assigning a height to the tracked feature is one of the most significant error sources for AMV observations. In this article, the characteristics of the AMV height-assignment error are studied by comparing model best-fit pressure statistics between the Met Office and ECMWF data assimilation systems. The aim is to provide detailed uncertainty estimates for the assigned pressure and to demonstrate that the best-fit pressure enables reliable estimation of the uncertainties in the AMV height assignment. Typical values for the standard deviation of the difference between the assigned pressure and the best-fit pressure are 50–80 hPa at high levels, 115–165 hPa at midlevels, and 60–125 hPa at low levels, depending on satellite, channel, and height-assignment method. Observed minus best-fit pressure biases are mostly within the range of ±50 hPa. The results are very similar for the Met Office and ECMWF systems, suggesting that the pressure differences are not strongly dependent on the data assimilation system. Furthermore, the findings are in good agreement with the expected characteristics of the height-assignment methods and quality of the observations. Thus, best-fit pressure statistics give reliable information about the uncertainties in the AMV height assignment.

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THE GENETIC AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF HAE, NEWPOSSIBILITIES OF THE DISEASE EXACERBATIONS TREATMENT

Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii ZHurnal ◽

10.36691/rja774 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

Tat'yana Vasil'evna Latysheva ◽

A V Polyakov ◽

A V Dmitrieva ◽

E N Medunitsyna ◽

T V Latysheva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Aspects ◽

C1 Inhibitor ◽

The World ◽

Consistent Solution ◽

Genetically Determined ◽

New Generation ◽

National Practice ◽

Rare Diagnosis ◽

Russian Medical

Continued study of genetic and clinical aspects of hereditary angioedema (HAE) types I and II, which belongs to the group of primary (genetically determined) immunodeficiencies and is connected with the qualitative or quantitative genetically determined defect of C1 Inhibitor. HAE is an «orphan» disease and requires the establishment of a Government strategy for patients with this rare diagnosis. To improve the quality of HAE diagnostics, the Institute of Immunology jointly with Medical Genetics Centre started the work in order to develop and introduce the methods of genetic screening of patients with recurrent angioedema into the national practice. In the world as well as in Russian medical practice a new generation of medicines for the treatment of HAE attacks has been appeared. Integrated assessment of the problems of diagnostics and treatment of HAE and their consistent solution will significantly improve the quality of life of HAE patients.

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Design for Usability: Crafting a Strategy for the Design of a New Generation of Xerox Copiers

Usability: Turning Technologies into Tools ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195075106.003.0005 ◽

1993 ◽

Author(s):

John J. Rheinfrank ◽

Arnold Wasserman

Keyword(s):

Work Culture ◽

Distributed Work ◽

Work Lives ◽

Design Collaboration ◽

The World ◽

Physical Presence ◽

Post Hoc ◽

New Generation

As designers, we view our work not merely as the production of products, but also as the creation of evocative and evolutionary artifacts that play important roles in shaping people’s lives. Well-designed artifacts tell people what functions they perform and how they perform them—this is why they have been designed, not merely produced or created. More important, through their design, well-designed artifacts also participate in the construction of human experience. In particular, carefully crafted artifacts can participate in the construction of human experiences surrounding how they (the artifacts themselves) can be used. Thus, we arrive at “Design for Usability,” a phrase we use to refer to the design of an artifact’s use through the design of its physical presence in the world. This chapter, then, is about a shift in perspective from “design as the post hoc application of form and appearance elements to functionality, with the intent of communicating that functionality” to “design as the conscious crafting of usability, through the skillful development of form and appearance elements, with the intent of providing people with the resources to perceive and construct usability themselves.” Expressed another way, we are talking about turning innovative concepts into everyday and universal operations through the design of things. As we said to ourselves while working on the “Design for Usability” project we are about to describe: “If we could make the experience of using a Xerox photocopier as simple and straightforward as the experience of walking through a door, then we will have made a truly usable copier.” We will demonstrate the process of designing according to this shift in perspective through a case study of a successful photocopier-design collaboration between Xerox Corporation (Xerox) and Fitch RichardsonSmith (FRS). Historically, Xerox has always pursued the goal of creating products and services intended to improve how people work and the overall quality of people’s work lives. More recently, Xerox copiers have not been designed as objects, but as artifacts that galvanize the work culture at Xerox to produce them and the widely distributed work culture of Xerox’s customers to make them part of their everyday activities.

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