The LSA-SAF ET product: an operational service of sub-daily estimation of evapotranspiration in near-real time across Europe, Africa and Eastern South America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Miguel Barrios ◽  
Alirio Arboleda ◽  
Françoise Gellens-Meulenberghs
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Meteorological Satellite

<p>The Satellite Application Facility on Analysis on Land Surface Analysis (LSA-SAF) has been set up by the European Organization of the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellite (EUMETSAT, see http://lsa-saf.eumetsat.int/). Its major goal is the development of products characterizing the condition of the Earth's continental surfaces on the basis of meteorological satellite observations.</p><p>The exchange of energy and water fluxes between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere is a major phenomenon driving a series of processes that impact human life. Noteworthy examples are: agriculture yields, local weather conditions, water availability, intensity and extent of droughts, the ability of ecosystems to provide services to society, etc. The relevance of these processes has motivated the exploitation of satellite observations from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) to develop algorithms for the estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and both latent and sensible heat fluxes in an operational framework functioning in near-real time.</p><p>The LSA-SAF ET product comprises half-hourly and daily estimates across Europe, Africa and the east side of South America. The quality of the ET product has been assessed by contrasting the estimates to in-situ measurements in flux measurement stations scattered across diverse climatic regions and plant cover types. The validation exercises -conducted by the development team as well as by independent studies- have corroborated the good quality of the product.</p><p>This contribution is intended to share details of the main principles of the algorithm (with insight to latest developments), the forcing variables (including several products derived from the SEVIRI instrument on-board MSG) and the ways of accessing and using the data.</p>

scholarly journals Biophysics and vegetation cover change: a process-based evaluation framework for confronting land surface models with satellite observations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Duveiller ◽  
Giovanni Forzieri ◽  
Eddy Robertson ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Goran Georgievski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Land Surface Models ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Surface Models

Abstract. Land use and land cover change (LULCC) alter the biophysical properties of the Earth's surface. The associated changes in vegetation cover can perturb the local surface energy balance, which in turn can affect the local climate. The sign and magnitude of this change in climate depends on the specific vegetation transition, its timing and location, as well as on the background climate. Land surface models (LSMs) can be used to simulate such land-climate interactions and study their impact in past and future climates, but their capacity to model biophysical effects accurately across the globe remain unclear due to the complexity of the phenomena. Here we present a framework to evaluate the performance of such models with respect to a dedicated dataset derived from satellite remote sensing observations. Idealized simulations from four LSMs (JULES, ORCHIDEE, JSBACH and CLM) are combined with satellite observations to analyse the changes in radiative and turbulent fluxes caused by 15 specific vegetation cover transitions across geographic, seasonal and climatic gradients. The seasonal variation in net radiation associated with land cover change is the process that models capture best, whereas LSMs perform poorly when simulating spatial and climatic gradients of variation in latent, sensible and ground heat fluxes induced by land cover transitions. We expect that this analysis will help identify model limitations and prioritize efforts in model development as well as to inform where consensus between model and observations is already met, ultimately helping to improve the robustness and consistency of model simulations to better inform land-based mitigation and adaptation policies. The dataset is available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1182145.

scholarly journals Winds of Change for Future Operational AMV at EUMETSAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borde ◽  
Carranza ◽  
Hautecoeur ◽  
Barbieux
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Motion Vector ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Current Contribution ◽  
The World ◽  
Atmospheric Motion ◽  
Wind Profiles ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Geostationary Ring

EUMETSAT, the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, is one of the key contributors to global atmospheric motion vector (AMV) production around the world. Its current contribution includes geostationary satellites at 0.0 and 41.5 degrees east, and several products extracted from the Metop low-orbit satellites. These last ones mainly cover high-latitude regions completing the observations from the geostationary ring. In the upcoming years, EUMETSAT will launch a new generation of geostationary and low-orbit satellites. The imager instruments Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) and METImage will take over the nominal AMV production at EUMETSAT around 2022 and 2024. The enhanced characteristics of these new-generation instruments are expected to increase AMV production and to improve the quality of the products. This paper presents an overview of the current EUMETSAT AMV operational production, together with a roadmap of the preparation activities for the new generation of satellites. The characteristics of the upcoming AMV products are described and compared to the current operational AMV products. This paper also presents a recent investigation into AMV extraction using the Sentinel-3 Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) instrument, as well as the retrieval of wind profiles from infrared sounders.

scholarly journals Assessment of ECMWF Subseasonal Temperature Predictions for an Anomalously Cold Week Followed by an Anomalously Warm Week in Central and Southeastern South America during July 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1871-1889
Author(s):  
M. S. Alvarez ◽  
C. A. S. Coelho ◽  
M. Osman ◽  
M. Â. F. Firpo ◽  
C. S. Vera
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Temperature Prediction ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Prediction Quality

AbstractThe demand of subseasonal predictions (from one to about four weeks in advance) has been considerably increasing as these predictions can potentially help prepare for the occurrence of high-impact events such as heat or cold waves that affect both social and economic activities. This study aims to assess the subseasonal temperature prediction quality of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) against the Japan Meteorological Agency reanalyses. Two consecutive weeks of July 2017 were analyzed, which presented anomalously cold and warm conditions over central South America. The quality of 20 years of hindcasts for the two investigated weeks was compared to that for similar weeks during the JJA season and of 3 years of real-time forecasts for the same season. Anomalously cold temperatures observed during the week of 17–23 July 2017 were well predicted one week in advance. Moreover, the warm anomalies observed during the following week of 24–30 July 2017 were well predicted two weeks in advance. Higher linear association and discrimination (ability to distinguish events from nonevents), but reduced reliability, was found for the 20 years of hindcasts for the target week than for the hindcasts produced for all of the JJA season. In addition, the real-time forecasts showed generally better performance over some regions of South America than the hindcasts. The assessment provides robust evidence about temperature prediction quality to build confidence in regional subseasonal forecasts as well as to identify regions in which the predictions have better performance.

scholarly journals Satellite Retrieval of Downwelling Shortwave Surface Flux and Diffuse Fraction under All Sky Conditions in the Framework of the LSA SAF Program (Part 2: Evaluation)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 2630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Carrer ◽  
Suman Moparthy ◽  
Chloé Vincent ◽  
Xavier Ceamanos ◽  
Sandra C. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Diffuse Fraction ◽  
Sky Conditions

High frequency knowledge of the spatio-temporal distribution of the downwelling surface shortwave flux (DSSF) and its diffuse fraction (fd) at the surface is nowadays essential for understanding climate processes at the surface–atmosphere interface, plant photosynthesis and carbon cycle, and for the solar energy sector. The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Satellite Application Facility for Land Surface Analysis operationally delivers estimation of the MDSSFTD (MSG Downwelling Surface Short-wave radiation Fluxes—Total and Diffuse fraction) product with an operational status since the year 2019. The method for retrieval was presented in a companion paper. Part 2 now focuses on the evaluation of the MDSSFTD algorithm and presents a comparison of the corresponding outputs, i.e., total DSSF and diffuse fraction (fd) components, against in situ measurements acquired at four Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) stations over a seven-month period. The validation is performed on an instantaneous basis. We show that the satellite estimates of DSSF and fd meet the target requirements defined by the user community for all-sky (clear and cloudy) conditions. For DSSF, the requirements are 20 Wm−2 for DSSF < 200 Wm−2, and 10% for DSSF ≥ 200 Wm−2. The mean bias error (MBE) and relative mean bias error (rMBE) compared to the ground measurements are 3.618 Wm−2 and 0.252%, respectively. For fd, the requirements are 0.1 for fd < 0.5, and 20% for fd ≥ 0.5. The MBE and rMBE compared to the ground measurements are −0.044% and −17.699%, respectively. The study also provides a separate analysis of the product performances for clear sky and cloudy sky conditions. The importance of representing the cloud–aerosol radiative coupling in the MDSSFTD method is discussed. Finally, it is concluded that the quality of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) forecasts currently available is accurate enough to obtain reliable diffuse solar flux estimates. This quality of AOD forecasts was still a limitation a few years ago.

scholarly journals A Novel Non-Invasive Algorithm Using the concept of Nail Based Anemia Disease Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Mitra ◽  
◽  
Dr. Shanti Rathore ◽  
Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Gupta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Human Nails ◽  
Learning Concept

Anemia is a danger disease for the human life. If anemia diagnosis is not found in time than its very difficult to recover the patient specially in COVID-19 time it’s a deadly disease. As we know in this era 2020 COVID is create a huge change in human life that’s why after 2019 is called New life. As we know there is lots of approaches are there to identify the anemia, but there is very few approaches are there which are non-invasive, and those approaches are not good in terms of the quality of the result and most important they are not a good real time analysis system. So, in this paper we proposed a novel non-invasive algorithm which is able to detect the anemia using the human nails. In this approach we use computer vision, machine and deep learning concept and based on that only we decide the anemia level on any particular patient. Our propose approach is complete real time and this system is able to provide result in very less time. Key Words:Invasive, Non-Invasive, SPO2, Hardware, Device.

scholarly journals Assessment of soil moisture fields from imperfect climate models with uncertain satellite observations

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1545-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schumann ◽  
D. J. Lunt ◽  
P. J. Valdes ◽  
R. A. M. de Jeu ◽  
K. Scipal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Observation Data

Abstract. We demonstrate that global satellite products can be used to evaluate climate model soil moisture predictions but conclusions should be drawn with care. The quality of a limited area climate model (LAM) was compared to a general circulation model (GCM) using soil moisture data from two different Earth observing satellites within a model validation scheme that copes with the presence of uncertain data. Results showed that in the face of imperfect models and data, it is difficult to investigate the quality of current land surface schemes in simulating hydrology accurately. Nevertheless, a LAM provides, in general, a better representation of spatial patterns and dynamics of soil moisture compared to a GCM. However, in months when data uncertainty is higher, particularly in colder months and in periods when vegetation cover is too dense (e.g. August in the case of Western Europe), it is not possible to draw firm conclusions about model acceptability. For periods of higher confidence in observation data, our work indicates that a higher resolution LAM has more benefits to soil moisture prediction than are due to the resolution alone and can be attributed to an overall enhanced representation of precipitation relative to the GCM. Consequently, heterogeneity of rainfall patterns is better represented in the LAM and thus adequate representation of wet and dry periods leads to an improved acceptability of soil moisture (with respect to uncertain satellite observations), particularly in spring and early summer. Our results suggest that remote sensing, albeit with its inherent uncertainties, can be used to highlight which model should be preferred and as a diagnostic tool to pinpoint regions where the hydrological budget needs particular attention.

European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-ELD14--Spanish Version

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ignacio Arraras ◽  
Gemma Asin ◽  
José Juan Illarramendi ◽  
Ana Manterola ◽  
Esteban Salgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Quality Of Life Questionnaire

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

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