scholarly journals Enhanced Intensity Analysis to Quantify Categorical Change and to Identify Suspicious Land Transitions: A Case Study of Nanchang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheyu Xie ◽  
Robert Gilmore Pontius Jr ◽  
Jinliang Huang ◽  
Vilas Nitivattananon
Keyword(s):  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Temporal Difference ◽  
Intensity Analysis ◽  
Land Change ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Map Errors

Conventional methods to analyze a transition matrix do not offer in-depth signals concerning land changes. The land change community needs an effective approach to visualize both the size and intensity of land transitions while considering possible map errors. We propose a framework that integrates error analysis, intensity analysis, and difference components, and then uses the framework to analyze land change in Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi province, China. We used remotely sensed data for six categories at four time points: 1989, 2000, 2008, and 2016. We had a confusion matrix for only 2016, which estimated that the map of 2016 had a 12% error, while the temporal difference during 2008–2016 was 22% of the spatial extent. Our tools revealed suspected errors at other years by analyzing the patterns of temporal difference. For example, the largest component of temporal difference was exchange, which could indicate map errors. Our framework identified categories that gained during one time interval then lost during the subsequent time interval, which raised the suspicion of map error. This proposed framework facilitated visualization of the size and intensity of land transitions while illustrating possible map errors that the profession routinely ignores.

scholarly journals Assessment of Land-Use Scenarios at a National Scale Using Intensity Analysis and Figure of Merit Components

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Kikuko Shoyama
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Intensity Analysis ◽  
Land Change ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Land Use Scenarios ◽  
Vegetation Maps ◽  
Calibration Time

To address the impacts of future land changes on biodiversity and ecosystem services, land-use scenarios have been developed at the national scale in Japan. However, the validation of land-use scenarios remains a challenge owing to the lack of an appropriate validation method. This research developed land-use maps for 10 land-use categories to calibrate a land-change model for the 1987–1998 period, simulate changes during the 1998–2014 period, and validate the simulation for the 1998–2014 period. Following an established method, this study assessed the three types of land change: (1) reference change during the calibration time interval, (2) simulation change during the validation time interval, and (3) reference change during the validation time interval, using intensity analysis and figure of merit components (hits, misses, and false alarms). The results revealed the cause of the low accuracy of the national scale land-use scenarios as well as priority solutions, such as aligning the underlying spatial vegetation maps and improving the model to reduce two types of disagreement between the simulation and reference maps. These findings should help to improve the accuracy of model predictions and help to better inform policymakers during the decision-making process.

scholarly journals Tectonic Geomorphology and Paleoseismology of the Sharkhai fault: a new source of seismic hazard for Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Al-Ashkar ◽  
Antoine Schlupp ◽  
Matthieu Ferry ◽  
Ulziibat Munkhuu
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tectonic Geomorphology ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract. We present new constraints from tectonic geomorphology and paleoseismology along the newly discovered Sharkhai fault near the capital city of Mongolia. Detailed observations from high resolution Pleiades satellite images and field investigations allowed us to map the fault in detail, describe its geometry and segmentation, characterize its kinematics, and document its recent activity and seismic behavior (cumulative displacements and paleoseismicity). The Sharkhai fault displays a surface length of ~40 km with a slightly arcuate geometry, and a strike ranging from N42° E to N72° E. It affects numerous drainages that show left-lateral cumulative displacements reaching 57 m. Paleoseismic investigations document the faulting and deposition record for the last ~3000 yr and reveal that the penultimate earthquake (PE) occurred between 1515 ± 90 BC and 945 ± 110 BC and the most recent event (MRE) occurred after 860 ± 85 AD. The resulting time interval of 2080 ± 470 years is the first constraint on the Sharkhai fault for large earthquakes. On the basis of our mapping of the surface rupture and the resulting segmentation analysis, we propose two possible scenarios for large earthquakes with likely magnitudes between 6.4 ± 0.2 and 7.1 ± 0.2. Furthermore, we apply scaling laws to infer coseismic slip values and derive preliminary estimates of long-term slip rates between 0.2 ± 0.2 and 1.0 ± 0.5 mm/y. Finally, we propose that these original observations and results from a newly discovered fault should be taken into account for the seismic hazard assessment for the city of Ulaanbaatar and help build a comprehensive model of active faults in that region.

scholarly journals Design and Interpretation of Intensity Analysis Illustrated by Land Change in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Land ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pontius ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Nicholas Giner ◽  
Takashi Kohyama ◽  
Mitsuru Osaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Analysis ◽  
Land Change ◽  
Central Kalimantan

scholarly journals Landscape Changes in the Southern Coalfields of West Virginia: Multi-Level Intensity Analysis and Surface Mining Transitions in the Headwaters of the Coal River from 1976 to 2016

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Cribari ◽  
Michael P. Strager ◽  
Aaron E. Maxwell ◽  
Charles Yuill
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Intensity Analysis ◽  
Land Change ◽  
Appalachian Region ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Multi Level

This study analyzes land-cover transitions in the headwaters of the Big Coal River in the Central Appalachian Region of the US, from 1976 to 2016, where surface mining was found as the major driver of landscape change. The land-change analysis combined Multi-Level Intensity Analysis for two-time intervals (1976–1996, 1996–2016) with Difference Components, to differentiate suspected misclassification errors from actual changes. Two land cover classifications were obtained with segmentation analysis and machine learning algorithms from historical high-resolution aerial images and ancillary data. Intensity Analysis allowed for the inspection of transitions across five land cover (LC) classes and measure the degree of non-stationarity of land change patterns. Results found surface mining-related classes and their transitions, including the effects of reclamation processes on areas mined before the enactment of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA, 1977). Results included changes in settlement distribution, low vegetation, water bodies, and forest class transitions. The findings can be applied to infer similar land-change processes in the more extensive Appalachian region where Mountain Top Removal (MTR) operations are widespread. The overall method can be used to address similar problems and inform landscape managers with detailed data to support land use alternatives and conservation in regions that experienced intense changes and are characterized by anthropogenic disturbances and novel ecosystems.

scholarly journals Analisa Sentimen Tweet Berbahasa Indonesia Dengan Menggunakan Metode Lexicon Pada Topik Perpindahan Ibu Kota Indonesia

Repositor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 1562
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadiy Dyo fatra ◽  
Nur Hayatin Hayatin ◽  
Christian Sri Kusuma Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Community Responses ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Republic

Abstract In mid-2019 President of the Republic of Indonesia officially decided that the capital city be moved outside of Java. This has caused many responses from the public who responded to this decision. We have seen many of these community responses on social media, especially in Twitter. To see the reality of the response of the Indonesian people requires a study that can draw conclusions from the number of community responses. So from this problem this study was conducted to find the truth of the community response related to the decision to move the Indonesian capital by using the lexicon method. This study also wants to see a comparison of the effect of the stemming process on sentiment analysis. To measure the performance of the Lexicon method, this research will be tested by an expert. Then the results of the experts will be entered into the confusion matrix. From the calculations with the confusion matrix, the results showed that the response of many Indonesian people who agree with the decision to move the Indonesian capital.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Financial Performance of Banks and the Quality of Credit Scoring Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-95
Author(s):  
Roman Tikhonov ◽  
◽  
Aleksey Masyutin ◽  
Vadim Vadim ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Credit Scoring ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Type I ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Model Risk ◽  
Lending Decisions ◽  
The Relationship

Model risk in credit scoring can be understood as the bank’s losses associated with a model quality deterioration. Deterioration in model quality entails an incorrect assessment of the creditworthiness of borrowers and leads to an increase in potentially defaulting applications in the loan portfolio, as the bank relies on the model performance when making lending decisions. The relationship between model quality and financial performance is embedded in the confusion matrix, where the value of a type I error indicates the bank’s lost profit, and the value of a type II error is equivalent to losses in the event of a default. We propose estimating model risk based on the scenario forecast of model quality or the ranking ability of the Gini model over a given time interval. The result of the analysis is the assessment of the bank’s net present value for the current and modified models, depending on the approval level. The proposed approach allows us to solve the problem of the optimal choice of a Gini model and answer the question of how model quality affects financial performance.

scholarly journals STUDY ON CORRELATION BETWEEN FIRE FIGHTING TIME AND FIRE LOSS IN URBAN BUILDING BASED ON STATISTICAL DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 874-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyong WANG ◽  
Lu LU ◽  
Jiping ZHU ◽  
Jiajie YAO ◽  
Yunlong WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Fire Loss

In this paper, the correlation between fire fighting time and fire loss (burned area of urban building) based on fire statistical data in Jiangxi Province (China) from 2000 to 2010 was studied. The results showed the probability distribution of fire fighting time met lognormal distribution. In the probability density function, the expectation of the distribution represents the average level of fire fighting time. We found the average fighting time of warehouse and workshop fires were higher than the average level of whole building fires. In addition, the probability distribution of the burned area in each fire fighting time interval also followed power function, which was valid in the case of the fire fighting time within 4 hours. Furthermore, the absolute value of the exponent of the function is positively correlated with the small-scale fires and negatively with the large-scale fires. The value decreased with the increase of the fire fighting time, indicating that the fire control ability became poor with longer fire fighting time. Also, the fire control ability in residential waned fastest as the fighting time increased, and the ability in warehouse waned slowest. en fire fighting time and fire loss in urban building based on statistical data

scholarly journals Thematic Accuracy Quality Control by Means of a Set of Multinomials

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Ariza-López ◽  
José Rodríguez-Avi ◽  
María V. Alba-Fernández ◽  
José L. García-Balboa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Multinomial Distribution ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Error Matrix ◽  
Quality Specifications ◽  
Control Column ◽  
Thematic Accuracy

The error matrix has been adopted as both the “de facto” and the “de jure” standard way to report on the thematic accuracy assessment of any remotely sensed data product. This perspective assumes that the error matrix can be considered as a set of values following a unique multinomial distribution. However, the assumption of the underlying statistical model falls down when true reference data are available for quality control. To overcome this problem, a new method for thematic accuracy quality control is proposed, which uses a multinomial approach for each category and is called QCCS (quality control column set). The main advantage is that it allows us to state a set of quality specifications for each class and to test if they are fulfilled. These requirements can be related to the percentage of correctness in the classification for a particular class but also to the percentage of possible misclassifications or confusions between classes. In order to test whether such specifications are achieved or not, an exact multinomial test is proposed for each category. Furthermore, if a global hypothesis test is desired, the Bonferroni correction is proposed. All these new approaches allow a more flexible way of understanding and testing thematic accuracy quality control compared with the classical methods based on the confusion matrix. For a better understanding, a practical example of an application is included for classification with four categories.

scholarly journals STUDY OF PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN BACTERIOLOGICAL CONSTITUENT OF HARVESTED RAINWATER FROM OYOKO COMMUNITY IN KUMASI, GHANA

2018 ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Joy Okai Yeboah ◽  
Kingsley Kodom
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Significant Health

The bacteriological characteristics of rainwater harvested from a typical rooftop were progressively studied for a period of nine (9) months. The study area, Oyoko, is a rural community considered as a typical farming area and located about 30 km from Kumasi, the capital city of Ashanti Region of Ghana. The collected rainwater samples were analyzed for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and salmonella. The entire E. coli counts varied from 0-60 CFU/100 ml and were absent on 39 observations out of total of 84 observations (replicate samples), representing 46.4%. Whiles the entire salmonella counts ranged from 0-78 CFU/100ml and only 10 observations out of the 84 were absent, which represents 11.9%. Both E. coli and salmonella showed higher concentration during early stages of continuous rainfall but, progressively reduced during later part of rainfall. The main cause of this phenomenon can be attributed to the deposition and accumulation of pollutant materials on the rooftop and catchment areas typically during the dry seasons as a result of wind-blown dirt particles and other environmental pollutants. The high bacteriological constituents in the early-stage harvested rainwater consequently have some proven significant health implications from their direct consumption. It is therefore imperative for the community to know the best time interval to harvest their rainwater as rainfall progresses, and also know any health implications associated with the harvested rainwater that goes into their storage tanks for consumption through progressive monitoring of the quality.

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