scholarly journals When Small Is Not Beautiful: The Unexpected Impacts of Trees and Parcel Size on Metered Water-Use in a Semi-Arid City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Shaundra Rasmussen ◽  
Travis Warziniack ◽  
Abbye Neel ◽  
Jarlath O’Neil-Dunne ◽  
Melissa McHale
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
City Managers ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Parcel Size ◽  
Semi Arid

Colorado’s water supply is under threat due to climate change pressures and population growth, however Colorado has been recognized to have some of the most progressive water conservation programs in the country. Limiting outdoor water consumption is an increasingly popular approach to conserving water in semi-arid cities, yet in order to implement effective water reduction and conservation policies, more utilities and city managers need a firm understanding of the local drivers of outdoor water consumption. This research explores the drivers of outdoor water consumption in a semi-arid, medium-sized Colorado city that is projected to undergo significant population growth. We used a combination of correlation and linear regression analyses to identify the key descriptive variables that predict greater water consumption at the household scale. Some results were specific to the development patterns of this medium-sized city, where outdoor water use increased 7% for each additional mile (1.6 km) a household was located from the historic urban center. Similarly, more expensive homes used more water as well. Surprisingly, households with a higher ratio of vegetation cover to parcel size tended toward less water consumption. This result could be because parcels that are shaded by their tree canopy require less irrigation. We discuss these results to assist city managers and policymakers in creating water-efficient landscapes and provide information that can be leveraged to increase awareness for water conservation in a growing, semi-arid city.

scholarly journals Water use of cowpea under deficit irrigation and cultivation systems in semi-arid region

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
Rômulo M. O. de Freitas ◽  
Jeferson L. D. Dombroski ◽  
Francisco C. L. de Freitas ◽  
Narjara W. Nogueira ◽  
Tiago S. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT The resilience of crops to drought depends heavily on the cultural practices adopted, which can have a direct effect on water use efficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of irrigation intervals on the growth, water consumption and water use efficiency of cowpea crops (cv. BRS Guariba) under conventional and no-tillage systems. The experiment was carried out in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, using a split-plot in a randomised complete block design, with four replications. Treatments consisted of two cultivation systems in the whole plots (conventional and no-tillage) and six irrigation intervals in the subplots (2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 days) which were applied at full bloom. The biomass of the different parts of the plant, leaf area and leaf area index were assessed at 64 days after sowing (DAS) and grain yield, water consumption and water use efficiency at 70 DAS. No-tillage is a promising cultivation technique for cowpea crops, promoting higher grain yield and water use efficiency under semi-arid conditions. This system allows cowpea cultivation with irrigation intervals of 10 or 14 days, with no or small reduction in yield, respectively.

scholarly journals Can Water Rights Trading Scheme Promote Regional Water Conservation in China? Evidence from a Time-Varying DID Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Fang ◽  
Fengping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Regional Water

Using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2017, we adopt a time-varying difference-in-differences (time-varying DID) model to estimate the impact of water rights trading scheme on regional water consumption. The results show that water rights trading can significantly promote water conservation in the pilot regions by 3.1% compared to that in the non-pilot regions, and a series of robustness tests show consistent results. Policy effects are mainly driven by improving water-use efficiency and adjusting water structure; that is, by transferring water resources from the agricultural sector to the other sectors, agricultural water efficiency is improved and water conflict among sectors is alleviated; thus, water saving is achieved. In addition, by constructing two indexes of regional water pressure and tradable water resources, our heterogeneity analysis shows that water rights trading performs better in areas with high water pressure and large tradable water resources. Under the high pressure of large water use and low water endowment, water rights trading will evidently reduce water consumption more so than in the low-pressure regions, and with water rights trading, it is hard to achieve a policy effect in regions without sufficient tradable water resources. This paper provides important policy implications for China for further promoting the water rights trading scheme in the field of resource conservation.

How Trust and Risk Perception Affect Household Water Use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Yu Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Household Water

Household water use accounts for an important portion of water consumption. Notably, different households may behave differently regarding how water is used in everyday life. Trust and risk perception are two significant psychological factors that influence water use behavior in households. Since trust and risk perception are malleable and subject to construction, they are useful for developing effective demand management strategies and water conservation policies. The concepts of trust and risk perception are multidimensional and interconnected. Risk perception varies across social groups and is often shaped by subjective feelings toward a variety of activities, events, and technologies. Risk perception is also mediated by trust, which involves a positive expectation of an individual, an organization, and/or an institution that derives from complex processes, characteristics, and competence. Likewise, different social groups’ trust in various entities involved in household water use is subject to the significant and far-reaching impact of risk perception. The complexity of the two notions poses challenges to the measurement and exploration of their effects on household water use. In many cases, risk perception and trust can influence people’s acceptance of water sources (e.g., tap water, bottled water, recycled water, and desalinated water) and their conservation behavior (e.g., installing water-saving technologies and reducing water consumption) in household water use. Trust can affect household water use indirectly through its influence on risk perception. Moreover, trust and risk perception in household water use are neither given nor fixed; rather, they are dynamically determined by external, internal, and informational factors. A coherent, stable, transparent, and fair social and institutional structure is conducive to building trust. However, trust and risk perception differ among groups with diverse household and/or individual demographic, economic, social, and cultural characteristics. Direct information from personal experiences and, more importantly, indirect information from one’s social network, as well as from mass media and social media, play an increasingly important role in the formation and evolution of trust and risk perception, bringing a profound impact on household water use in an era of information. Future directions lie in new dynamics of risk perception and trust in the era of information explosion, the coevolution mechanism of risk perception and trust in household water use, the nuanced impacts of different types of risks (e.g., controllable and uncontrollable) on household water use, and the interactive relations of risk perception and trust across geographical contexts.

scholarly journals Municipal Water Consumption and Urban Economic Growth in El Paso

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2656
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Pastor ◽  
Thomas M. Fullerton
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Vector Autoregression Model ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the nexus between municipal water consumption and economic growth for El Paso, TX, USA. Located in the semi-arid southwestern United States, El Paso water consumption has been the subject of prior economic studies. However, the relationship between water consumption and economic growth has not been previously analyzed for El Paso or any other metropolitan economies in the region. Empirical results indicate that municipal water usage and real personal income are integrated of order one, but are not co-integrated. Given that, a vector autoregression model is estimated and a Granger causality test is performed. Estimation results show unidirectional causation from real income growth to water consumption, indicating that water conservation policies will not inhibit economic growth in this urban economy.

Effect of ridge tillage, no-tillage, and conventional tillage on soil temperature, water use, and crop performance in cold and semi-arid areas in Northeast China

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin He ◽  
Hongwen Li ◽  
N. J. Kuhn ◽  
Qingjie Wang ◽  
Xuemin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Spring Maize ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Ridge Tillage

In cold and semi-arid Northeast China, insufficient soil accumulative temperature and low water use efficiency (WUE) are the limiting factors for the further development of agriculture. Ridge tillage (RT) has been proposed to improve soil temperature and water conservation. Data from a 3-year field experiment conducted at two locations (Sujiatun and Lanxi) in Northeast China were used to compare RT, no-tillage (NT), and conventional tillage (CT) in a spring maize cropping system. At both sites, RT and NT significantly (P < 0.05) increased mean soil temperature to 0.10 m depth, relative to CT, by 0.7–2.4°C in the cold season during the spring maize growing stage. Mean soil moisture depletion in the RT treatment was greater by 1.2–4.1% (Sujiatun) and 0.6–3.0% (Lanxi) than in NT and CT, respectively. Mean maize yields over 3 years for RT were ~9.9% greater than for CT, whereas the yield advantage in the NT treatment was only slight. In Sujiatun, WUE was 8.0% and 8.6% greater under RT than under NT and CT, respectively, and in Lanxi, WUE was 7.7% and 9.6% greater under RT than NT and CT. Ridge tillage is recommended to the farmers to obtain higher crop yield and WUE in Northeast China.

scholarly journals Studi Penghematan Air pada Sistem Plambing Air Bersih di Apartemen Menara Cibinong Tower Mahoni

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuad Muhamad ◽  
Eka Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
West Java ◽  
The Impact

The Cibinong Tower Mahoni Tower Apartment located in Bogor Regency is a residential residence consisting of 21 floors. Apartment development is influenced by the need for housing which continues to increase along with the rate of population growth and limited land. The impact of apartment construction will affect the availability of clean water in the future due to an increase in the need for clean water. West Java Provincial Regulation Number 13 of 2013 concerning Buildings requires developers to carry out water efficiency. Referring to the regulation, this apartment implements water conservation based on the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) concept which aims to save water use. The research method used is the use of water-saving plumbing features which aims to find out how efficient the use of water is. Based on the results of the study, the population in the Cibinong Tower Mahoni Tower Apartment was 794 people with clean water needs of 67,366.68 l/day. The use of water-saving plumbing equipment can save water use by 6.01% or 4,060.71 l/day.

scholarly journals Integrating Stakeholder Input into Water Policy Development and Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Guerrero ◽  
Steve Amosson ◽  
Lal Almas
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Agricultural Water Use ◽  
Stakeholder Input

Agricultural water use is becoming an issue in much of the South due to population growth. Results of projects evaluating the impacts of conservation strategies aimed at reallocating or extending the life of water supplies are being met with great skepticism by stakeholder groups. In order to gain acceptance of results, it is essential that stakeholder groups be involved from the beginning in the identification of potential water conservation strategies and be kept informed throughout the project. The objective of this paper is to review previous attempts at involving stakeholders and the methodology currently being employed in the Ogallala Aquifer Project.

Peach response to water deficit in a semi-arid region

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Paltineanu ◽  
L. Septar ◽  
C. Moale ◽  
S. Nicolae ◽  
C. Nicola
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Future Global Warming ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract During three years a deficit irrigation experiment was performed on peach response under the semi-arid conditions of south-eastern Romania. Three sprinkler-irrigated treatments were investigated: fully irrigated, deficit irrigation treatment, and non-irrigated control treatment. Soil water content ranged between 60 and 76% of the plant available soil water capacity in fully irrigated, between 40 and 62% in deficit irrigation treatment, and between 30 and 45% in control. There were significant differences in fruit yield between the treatments. Irrigation water use efficiency was maximum in deficit irrigation treatment. Fruit yield correlated significantly with irrigation application. Total dry matter content, total solids content and titrable acidity of fruit were significantly different in the irrigated treatments vs. the control. Significant correlation coefficients were found between some fruit chemical components. For the possible future global warming conditions, when water use becomes increasingly restrictive, deficit irrigation will be a reasonable solution for water conservation in regions with similar soil and climate conditions.

scholarly journals Barriers and opportunities for behavior change in managing high water demand in water scarce Indigenous communities: an Australian perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-773
Author(s):  
Safaa Aldirawi ◽  
Regina Souter ◽  
Cara D. Beal
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
High Water ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Household Water

Abstract Managing water demand by reducing water consumption and improving water use efficiency has become essential for ensuring water security. This research aimed to identify the primary determinants of household water consumption in an Australian Indigenous community to develop evidence-based water demand management policies and strategies that might be implemented by the water service provider. A behavior change framework was applied to investigate the opportunity, ability, and motivational determinants affecting household water consumption and conservation in an Australian Indigenous community. The lack of water conservation knowledge and skills of high water users could be barriers to saving water. Low water users have positive attitudes towards water conservation and a higher level of awareness about their own water use. While there is a lack of a belief that water shortages will occur, low water users do have concerns of vulnerability to droughts, and that could be a driver for their sense of obligation to engage in water conservation practices. The research recommended communication messages and tools to address identified barriers to enabling positive changes to water use behaviors, which have wider applications in remote Australian Indigenous communities.

scholarly journals Pattern of Water Use at the United Arab Emirates University

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Yagoub ◽  
Tareefa S. AlSumaiti ◽  
Latifa Ebrahim ◽  
Yaqein Ahmed ◽  
Rauda Abdulla
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
The United States ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
United Arab Emirates University ◽  
Academic Buildings ◽  
Diverse Data

In this study, indoor water use at the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) was assessed for three years (2016, 2017, and 2018). A geographic information system (GIS) was employed to determine where water use is high within the university, when and why water is used, who uses it, and how to minimize its usage. Diverse data were employed to elucidate the broad patterns of university water use. It was assumed that water use is directly proportional to the number of students and is lower during winter. The relationship between water use and number of students in academic buildings was modeled using least squares regression. The results indicate a low correlation between water use and the number of students, possibly due to the centralized usage of academic buildings and movement of students between them. The hypothesis of activity-driven consumption indicated that most water use occurred in residential buildings (47.5%), averaging 81.7 L per person per day (LPD). This value is lower than the metrics for dormitories in the United States (121 LPD) and Europe (143 LPD). A survey of 412 students revealed that half the respondents were not aware of water issues. Most of them (87%) preferred to drink bottled water and were not willing to use gray water for flushing (56%) or urinals (60%). The findings of this study will improve the understanding of university water use which will facilitate the development of effective water conservation policies and the establishment of such practices among the next generation.

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