scholarly journals Development of a User-Adaptable Human Fall Detection Based on Fall Risk Levels Using Depth Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoosuf Nizam ◽  
Mohd Mohd ◽  
M. Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Fall Risk ◽  
Fall Detection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Depth Sensor ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Unintentional Falls

Unintentional falls are a major public health concern for many communities, especially with aging populations. There are various approaches used to classify human activities for fall detection. Related studies have employed wearable, non-invasive sensors, video cameras and depth sensor-based approaches to develop such monitoring systems. The proposed approach in this study uses a depth sensor and employs a unique procedure which identifies the fall risk levels to adapt the algorithm for different people with their physical strength to withstand falls. The inclusion of the fall risk level identification, further enhanced and improved the accuracy of the fall detection. The experimental results showed promising performance in adapting the algorithm for people with different fall risk levels for fall detection.

Comparison of fall risk assessment scales in the triage of an Italian emergency department

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Piras ◽  
G Murenu ◽  
G Piras ◽  
G Pia ◽  
A Azara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Fall Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Levels

Abstract Background Falls in hospital are adverse events with serious consequences for the patient. Fall risk assessment requires easy tools that are suitable for the specific clinical context. This is important to quickly identify preventing measures. The aim of the study is to identify an appropriate scale for assessing fall risk in patients from an emergency department. Methods For the fall risk assessment in the emergency department, three scales were identified in literature: Kinder 1, MEDFRAT, and Morse. MEDFRAT and Morse classify the patient in high, moderate, and low risk; Kinder 1 split patients “at risk” (also when there is only one positive item) and “non-risk” (in which all items are negative). The study was carried out in July 2019 in an Italian emergency department. Patients who arrived in triage were assessed for the fall risk using the three scales. Results On a sample of 318 patients, the used scales show different levels of fall risk. For Kinder 1, 83.02% is at risk and 16.98% is not at risk; for MEDFRAT, 14.78% is at high risk, 15.09% moderate, and 70.13% low risk; for Morse, 8.81% is at high risk, 35.53% moderate, and 56.66% low risk. As Kinder 1 implies as “high risk” that all items of the questionnaire are positive, to compare Kinder 1 to the other scales with three measurements, we assumed only one positive response as “moderate risk”, all negative responses as “low risk”. Thus, Kinder 1 shows no cases at high risk, 83.02% moderate risk, and 16.98% low risk. All the scales show that the moderate-high risk increases with age. MEDFRAT and Morse have concordant percentages for young (13.6%), elderly (61.2%), and long-lived (66.6%) people. Kinder 1, 59%, 96.7%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions The comparison between scales shows inhomogeneity in identifying the level of risk. MEDFRAT and Morse appear more reliable and consistent. Key messages An appropriate assessment scale is important to identify the fall risk level. Identifying accurate fall risk levels allows for implementing specific prevention actions.

scholarly journals XGBoost based machine learning approach to predict the risk of fall in older adults using gait outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byungjoo Noh ◽  
Changhong Youm ◽  
Eunkyoung Goh ◽  
Myeounggon Lee ◽  
Hwayoung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Extreme Gradient Boosting ◽  
Gait Features ◽  
Risk Of Falls

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the optimal features of gait parameters to predict the fall risk level in older adults. The study included 746 older adults (age: 63–89 years). Gait tests (20 m walkway) included speed modification (slower, preferred, and faster-walking) while wearing the inertial measurement unit sensors embedded in the shoe-type data loggers on both outsoles. A metric was defined to classify the fall risks, determined based on a set of questions determining the history of falls and fear of falls. The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model was built from gait features to predict the factor affecting the risk of falls. Moreover, the definition of the fall levels was classified into high- and low-risk groups. At all speeds, three gait features were identified with the XGBoost (stride length, walking speed, and stance phase) that accurately classified the fall risk levels. The model accuracy in classifying fall risk levels ranged between 67–70% with 43–53% sensitivity and 77–84% specificity. Thus, we identified the optimal gait features for accurate fall risk level classification in older adults. The XGBoost model could inspire future works on fall prevention and the fall-risk assessment potential through the gait analysis of older adults.

The prospects of occupational risk management during reforms of regulatory legislation basis

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim B. Alekseev ◽  
Nina V. Zaitseva ◽  
Pavel Z. Shur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Work Safety ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Legal Principles

Despite wide legislation basis of regulating relations in work safety and workers’ health, one third of workplaces demonstrate exceeded allowable normal levels of workers’ exposure to occupational hazards and present occupational risk for health disorders.In accordance to national legislation acts, evaluation should cover factors of occupational environment and working process, and occupational risk is understood in context of mandatory social insurance. This approach has been formed due to mostly compensatory trend in legal principles of work safety in Russia by now. Implementation of new preventive concept of work safety, based on idea of risk management for workers, necessitates development of legal acts that regulate requirements to evaluation of occupational risk and its reports with consideration of changes in Federal Law on 30 March 1999 №52 FZ “On sanitary epidemiologic well-being of population”.Those acts can include Sanitary Rules and Regulations “Evaluation of occupational risk for workers’ health”, that will contain main principles of risk assessment, requirements to risk assessment, including its characteristics which can serve as a basis of categorizing the risk levels with acceptability.To standardize requirements for informing a worker on the occupational risk, the expediency is specification of sanitary rules “Notifying a worker on occupational risk”. These rules should contain requirements: to a source of data on occupational risk level at workplace, to informational content and to ways of notifying the worker. Specification and implementation of the stated documents enable to fulfil legal requirements completely on work safety — that will provide preservation and increase of efficiency in using work resources.

Applying the risk principle to optimize accuracy and equity in correctional risk assessment: Results From a Simulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2098652
Author(s):  
Grant Duwe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Risk Principle ◽  
Changes In Risk ◽  
The Impact

As the use of risk assessments for correctional populations has grown, so has concern that these instruments exacerbate existing racial and ethnic disparities. While much of the attention arising from this concern has focused on how algorithms are designed, relatively little consideration has been given to how risk assessments are used. To this end, the present study tests whether application of the risk principle would help preserve predictive accuracy while, at the same time, mitigate disparities. Using a sample of 9,529 inmates released from Minnesota prisons who had been assessed multiple times during their confinement on a fully-automated risk assessment, this study relies on both actual and simulated data to examine the impact of program assignment decisions on changes in risk level from intake to release. The findings showed that while the risk principle was used in practice to some extent, the simulated results showed that greater adherence to the risk principle would increase reductions in risk levels and minimize the disparities observed at intake. The simulated data further revealed the most favorable outcomes would be achieved by not only applying the risk principle, but also by expanding program capacity for the higher-risk inmates in order to adequately reduce their risk.

scholarly journals Risk score to stratify miscarriage risk levels in preconception women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hui Choo ◽  
Chee Wai Ku ◽  
Yin Bun Cheung ◽  
Keith M. Godfrey ◽  
Yap-Seng Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Spontaneous Miscarriage ◽  
Risk Levels

AbstractSpontaneous miscarriage is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Even though some risk factors are well documented, there is a paucity of risk scoring tools during preconception. In the S-PRESTO cohort study, Asian women attempting to conceive, aged 18-45 years, were recruited. Multivariable logistic regression model coefficients were used to determine risk estimates for age, ethnicity, history of pregnancy loss, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake and dietary supplement intake; from these we derived a risk score ranging from 0 to 17. Miscarriage before 16 weeks of gestation, determined clinically or via ultrasound. Among 465 included women, 59 had miscarriages and 406 had pregnancy ≥ 16 weeks of gestation. Higher rates of miscarriage were observed at higher risk scores (5.3% at score ≤ 3, 17.0% at score 4–6, 40.0% at score 7–8 and 46.2% at score ≥ 9). Women with scores ≤ 3 were defined as low-risk level (< 10% miscarriage); scores 4–6 as intermediate-risk level (10% to < 40% miscarriage); scores ≥ 7 as high-risk level (≥ 40% miscarriage). The risk score yielded an area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve of 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.67, 0.81; p < 0.001). This novel scoring tool allows women to self-evaluate their miscarriage risk level, which facilitates lifestyle changes to optimize modifiable risk factors in the preconception period and reduces risk of spontaneous miscarriage.

scholarly journals Infiltration and sealing for managing non-cavitated proximal lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Dongru Chen ◽  
Huancai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Caries Lesions

Abstract Background Infiltration and sealing are micro-invasive treatments for arresting proximal non-cavitated caries lesions; however, their efficacies under different conditions remain unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the caries-arresting effectiveness of infiltration and sealing and to further analyse their efficacies across different dentition types and caries risk levels. Methods Six electronic databases were searched for published literature, and references were manually searched. Split-mouth randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effectiveness between infiltration/sealing and non-invasive treatments in proximal lesions were included. The primary outcome was obtained from radiographical readings. Results In total, 1033 citations were identified, and 17 RCTs (22 articles) were included. Infiltration and sealing reduced the odds of lesion progression (infiltration vs. non-invasive: OR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.15–0.30; sealing vs. placebo: OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.18–0.42). For both the primary and permanent dentitions, infiltration and sealing were more effective than non-invasive treatments (primary dentition: OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.20–0.45; permanent dentition: OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.14–0.28). The overall effects of infiltration and sealing were significantly different from the control effects based on different caries risk levels (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.14–0.28). Except for caries risk at moderate levels (moderate risk: OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.01–8.27), there were significant differences between micro-invasive and non-invasive treatments (low risk: OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.72; low to moderate risk: OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.81; moderate to high risk: OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.10–0.29; and high risk: OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.07–0.28). Except for caries risk at moderate levels (moderate risk: OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.01–8.27), infiltration was superior (low risk: OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.72; low to moderate risk: OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.81; moderate to high risk: OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.10–0.39; and high risk: OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.05–0.37). Conclusion Infiltration and sealing were more efficacious than non-invasive treatments for halting non-cavitated proximal lesions.

Changes in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Related Risk Behavior After Adolescence: Relationships to Knowledge and Experience Concerning Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 950-956
Author(s):  
Arlene Rubin Stiffman ◽  
Felton Earls ◽  
Peter Dore' ◽  
Renee Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

This paper explores the extent of change in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) risk level and in the numbers of AIDS-related risk behaviors in 602 inner-city adolescents as they enter young adulthood. Youths' risk level for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during adolescence was categorized as high (engaging in prostitution, male homosexual or bisexual activity, or injectable drug use or having ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases), moderate (having six or more sex partners in a 1-year period or nonulcerative sexually transmitted diseases), or low (none of the above). Although a proportion at high or moderate risk during adolescence did move to lower risk levels by young adulthood, the overall risk level stayed fairly stable: 45% were at high or moderate risk levels during adolescence, and 35% were at those levels by young adulthood. Then change in the total number of risk behaviors engaged in by the youths was examined. Knowledge about AIDS or HIV infection and its prevention was not associated with any change in risk behavior, nor were the number of sources of information about the epidemic, acquaintance with those who are infected, estimates of personal risk, or exposure to HIV-test counseling. In fact, youths whose risk behaviors increased the most were more likely to know someone who had died of AIDS and to estimate their own risk as high. Most youths reported that they did not use condoms regularly, disliked them, and had little confidence in their protective ability. Changes in preventive strategies and further research on the causes of behavior change are needed.

THE ASSESSMENT OF MARITIME SAFETY IN THE TURKISH STRAITS BASED ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FLAG STATES IN PORT STATE CONTROL REGIMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
E G Emecen Kara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Level ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
State Control ◽  
Maritime Safety ◽  
Deficiency Indices ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Maritime Shipping ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Port State Control

The Turkish Straits are well known for theirs intensive maritime traffic. The average annual number of transit ships passing through this waterway is approximately 50000 and more than 100 flag states pass through it. Moreover, this waterway presents a navigational challenge owing to its inherent geographic and oceanographic characteristics. Also, sub-standard ships navigating in this region lead to an increased risk levels and pose a threat to the marine environment. Over the years, serious maritime accidents occurring in the straits region had resulted in losses of life and constituted environmental disasters. The high risk arising from maritime shipping in these regions had always endangered public health in the vicinity of the Turkish Straits. In this study, maritime safety in the Turkish Straits region had been assessed based on the performance in the Port State Control inspections of flag states passing through this region. For the assessment of the performance of passing flag states, detention and deficiency indices of these flag states were generated for the MOUs. According to these values, the risk level of these flag states had been determined by the weighted risk point methods. Hereby, in addition to the determination of the risk level of flag states, the relationships between the inspections of MOUs had been also discussed on the basis of both the detention and the deficiency rates of flag states.

scholarly journals ANALISIS RISIKO BENCANA TANAH LONGSOR DI KECAMATAN SUKASADA, KABUPATEN BULELENG

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
I Wayan Gede Eka Saputra ◽  
I.P.G. Ardhana ◽  
I Wayan Sandi Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Mitigation Effort ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Risk

Sukasada Sub-District is a region that is largely a hilly area with steep slopes, rainfall intensity is high enough and unstable ground conditions. This leads that the Sub-District of Sukasada becomes potential for the occurrence of landslides. Mitigation effort is therefore necessary to reduce the risk of landslides that may occur. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of threats, vulnerabilities and capacities of level landslides in Sub-District of Sukasada. In addition to the above objectives, the study also aims to formulate strategies for disaster risk reduction of landslides in the Sub-District of Sukasada. The results showed the threat of landslides in the Sub-District of Sukasada is covering 11.169 hectares or 69,51% of the total area. High threat level area is around 727 hectares, the threat level is covering 7.717 hectares and a low threat level area is around 2.725 hectares. The level of vulnerability of landslides in Sub- District of Sukasada ranges from moderate to high. The highest vulnerability level (0.83) is located in some villages, such as: Pancasari, Pegayaman, Panji and Panji Anom Village. While the lowest level of vulnerability (0.66) is in Padangbulia Village. The level of local capacity to landslides in the Sub-District of Sukasada is low, with the resistance area index of 40,25 or capacity level of 0,2349. The level of risk of landslides in the Sub-District of Sukasada is classified as moderate to high. Areas with moderate risk levels are covering 2.032 hectares and a high level of risk covering 7.171 hectares. Strategies that can be done to cope with disaster risk are to reduce the threat, reduce vulnerability and increase capacity. Areas with moderate risk level can be done non-structural mitigation. Structural mitigation can be done in areas with a high level of risk.

scholarly journals Distribution of Flood Risk Area in Bodri Watershed of Kendal Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Husna Fauzia ◽  
◽  
Eka Cahyaningsih ◽  
Hery Hariyanto ◽  
Satya Nugraha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Central Java

Flooding is a catastrophic phenomenon that can occur due to various factors, such as uncontrolled landuse changes, climate change, and weather anomalies, and drainage infrastructure damage. The Bodri watershed in Kendal Regency is one of the watersheds in Central Java, which is categorized as critical based on Decree No.328/Menhut-II/2009. Some of the problems in the Bodri watershed include land use that is not suitable for its designation, flooding, erosion, and landslides. This study aims to conduct spatial modeling to create flood hazard maps and flood risk level maps in the Bodri watershed. The method used is hydrograph analysis, flood modeling, potential flood hazards, and flood risk levels. Analysis of the potential for flood hazards from the spatial modeling inundation map with the input of the flood peak return period of 2 years (Q2), 5 years (Q5), and 50 years (Q50). Vulnerability analysis based on land use maps of flood hazard areas. The distribution of flood-prone areas in the Bodri watershed is in Pidodo Kulon Village, Pidodo Wetan Village, and Bangunsari Village.

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