scholarly journals Experimental Study of Wireless Monitoring of Human Respiratory Movements Using UWB Impulse Radar Systems

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Liang ◽  
Yuankai Wang ◽  
Shiyou Wu ◽  
Thomas Gulliver
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Gain Control ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Maximum Slope ◽  
Wireless Monitoring ◽  
Radar Systems

This paper analyzes and discusses the capability of human being detection using impulse ultra-wideband (UWB) radar with an improved detection algorithm. The multiple automatic gain control (AGC) technique is employed to enhance the amplitudes of human respiratory signals. Two filters with seven values averaged are used to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the human respiratory signals. The maximum slope and standard deviation are used for analyzing the characteristics of the received pulses, which can provide two distance estimates for human being detection. Most importantly, based on the two distance estimates, we can accurately judge whether there are human beings in the detection environments or not. The data size can be reduced based on the defined interested region, which can improve the operation efficiency of the radar system for human being detection. The developed algorithm provides excellent performance regarding human being detection, which is validated through comparison with several well-known algorithms.

scholarly journals Detection of Quasi-Static Trapped Human Being Using Mono-Static UWB Life-Detection Radar

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3129
Author(s):  
Kun Yan ◽  
Shiyou Wu ◽  
Guangyou Fang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Cost ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Detection Ability ◽  
Radar Echo ◽  
Life Detection ◽  
Respiration Motion

In practical situations such as hostage rescue, earthquake and other similar events, the ultra-wideband (UWB) life-detection radar echo response from the respiration motion of the trapped person is always quasi-/non-periodic in respiration frequency or very weak in respiration amplitude, which can be called quasi-static vital sign. Although it is an extremely difficult task, considering the economic cost, the detection ability of the traditional UWB life-detection radars with only a pair of transceiver antennas is desired to be enhanced for locating the quasi-static trapped human being. This article proposes two different detection methods for quasi-static trapped human beings through the single/multiple observation points, which corresponds to the single-/multi-station radar operating mode, respectively. Proof-of-principle experiments were carried out by our designed radar prototypes, validating the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Actuation of a Frequency Modulated MEMS Gyroscope

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Xie ◽  
Sangtak Park ◽  
Eihab Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Mustafa Yavuz
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Gain Control ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Function Generator ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Mems Gyroscope ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Rlc Circuit ◽  
Drive Circuit

This paper describes an analog actuation circuit for a novel frequency-modulated MEMS gyroscope. The circuit provides an amplitude-modulated (AM) signal as the input into a RLC resonant drive circuit, which drives the gyroscope. The actuation system is composed an automatic gain control (AGC) loop, a low pass filter, an amplitude modulation component and a resonant drive circuit. The AM signal is composed of a modulating signal that excite a natural frequency of gyroscope drive mode and a carrier signal with a frequency corresponding to the electrical resonant frequency of the RLC circuit. Both feedforward and feedback AGC configurations are used to stabilize the envelope of the signal. However, the breadboard implementations of the feedforward and feedback circuits in their current configurations have similar signal to noise ratio to that of the function generator. To improve the actuation circuit performance, we plan to include the resonant drive circuit within the AGC feedback loop and implement the actuation circuit on PCB.

scholarly journals A Tuning Fork Gyroscope with a Polygon-Shaped Vibration Beam

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Zhanqiang Hou ◽  
Yunbin Kuang ◽  
Tongqiao Miao ◽  
Fenlan Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Automatic Gain Control ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
Bias Instability

In this paper, a tuning fork gyroscope with a polygon-shaped vibration beam is proposed. The vibration structure of the gyroscope consists of a polygon-shaped vibration beam, two supporting beams, and four vibration masts. The spindle azimuth of the vibration beam is critical for performance improvement. As the spindle azimuth increases, the proposed vibration structure generates more driving amplitude and reduces the initial capacitance gap, so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the gyroscope. However, after taking the driving amplitude and the driving voltage into consideration comprehensively, the optimized spindle azimuth of the vibration beam is designed in an appropriate range. Then, both wet etching and dry etching processes are applied to its manufacture. After that, the fabricated gyroscope is packaged in a vacuum ceramic tube after bonding. Combining automatic gain control and weak capacitance detection technology, the closed-loop control circuit of the drive mode is implemented, and high precision output circuit is achieved for the gyroscope. Finally, the proposed Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) gyroscope system demonstrates a bias instability of 0.589°/h, an angular random walk (ARW) of 0.038°/√h, and a bandwidth of greater than 100 Hz in a full scale range of ± 200°/s at room temperature.

Conceptions of Trust in the Qur'an

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora S. Eggen
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Normative Claim ◽  
Trust Relationship ◽  
Trust Relationships ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Guardian

In the Qur'an we find different concepts of trust situated within different ethical discourses. A rather unambiguous ethico-religious discourse of the trust relationship between the believer and God can be seen embodied in conceptions of tawakkul. God is the absolute wakīl, the guardian, trustee or protector. Consequently He is the only holder of an all-encompassing trusteeship, and the normative claim upon the human being is to trust God unconditionally. There are however other, more polyvalent, conceptions of trust. The main discussion in this article evolves around the conceptions of trust as expressed in the polysemic notion of amāna, involving both trust relationships between God and man and inter-human trust relationships. This concept of trust involves both trusting and being trusted, although the strongest and most explicit normative claim put forward is on being trustworthy in terms of social ethics as well as in ethico-religious discourse. However, ‘trusting’ when it comes to fellow human beings is, as we shall see, framed in the Qur'an in less absolute terms, and conditioned by circumstantial factors; the Qur'anic antithesis to social trust is primarily betrayal, ‘khiyāna’, rather than mistrust.

Value and Character Education Based on Qur’anic

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Eva Nurhaeny
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
Education Concept

This essay discusses based on Qur’anic value and character education. In gobalization era, it has great impact on young behaviour change such as fighting, free sex, drug and other delinquencies. The occurred result is serious enough and it cannot be assumed just as a simple matter again, mainly that the subjects and the victim are young people whose have professions as students. The fact indicates that education world has to give an important role toward preventing national moral decadency in the effort of preparing the better future young generation. In this regard, we are aware that the education goal, basically, is to build better morality of human being or in another term is to “humanize the human being”. An idea regarding the significance of character education was appeared as a given solution in answering the morality problem in Indonesian education world. Character education is part of value education. That why, looking for the character education concept has been very urgent in the effort of preparing excellent, faithful, professional and personalized leaner as being asked by the education goal. The essence of characterized behavior actually is the psychological totality form which includes the whole human individual potency of cognitive, affective and psycho-motoric aspects, and also socio-cultural totality function in the context of interaction with God, him or herself, other human beings and the environment in his or her long life. Furthermore, in Qur’an’s teaching, the figure of the Messenger Peace be upon him (PBUH) is viewed as “the model human being”. In this context, the concept of Qur’anic charactereducation can be found through three moral dimensions that should be actualized in human being personality. They are the morality toward Allah (spiritual quotient/ intelligence), the morality toward our self (emotional quotient) and the morality toward Allah’s creatures, human being and environment (social quotient). Then, school should make the Holy Qur’an as the foundation of character education’s implementation whereas the implementation form in the school can be developed through intra-curricular, extra-curricular or personality and school culture development.

Management of Value Based Education and Spirituality: A Practical Application by Mahamana Malaviyaji in BHU

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitali Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Education System ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Good Citizen ◽  
Social Animals ◽  
Genuine Effort ◽  
Civilized Society

Education is the backbone of a civilized society. Values have an important role in education system of any society. Most important thing is that, education should be based on some core values of human being like truthfulness, honesty, justice, good behavior etc. Only this can help a society to maintain a peaceful atmosphere. As all human beings are social animals, so this is the duty of every human being to obey their social responsibility. Mahamana Malaviyaji is one of those great personalities who felt his social responsibility very well and established Banaras Hindu University to bring people out from the mode of ignorance. He values our Indian culture and tradition, which is based on Bhagavat Gita and Srimad Bhagavatam. His genuine effort was to build the character of new generations, so that they can be a good citizen of the country and thus can serve the country. This paper intends to focus on Mahamana’s practical thoughts and applications to contribute to the value-based education system.

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