scholarly journals Characterization of a Patch Antenna Sensor’s Resonant Frequency Response in Identifying the Notch-Shaped Cracks on Metal Structure

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ke ◽  
Zhiping Liu ◽  
Hanjin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Metal Structure ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Cutting Effect ◽  
Shaped Crack ◽  
Definition Of

Patch antenna sensor is a novel sensor that has great potential in structural health monitoring. The two resonant frequencies of a patch antenna sensor are affected by the crack on its ground plane, which enables it to sense the crack information. This paper presents a detailed characterization of the relationship between the resonant frequencies of a patch antenna sensor and notch-shaped cracks of different parameters, including the length, the orientation, and the center location. After discussing the principle of crack detection using a patch antenna sensor, a parametric study was performed to understand the response of the sensor’s resonant frequencies to various crack configurations. The results show that the crack parameters affect the resonant frequencies in a way that can be represented by the crack’s cutting effect on the sensor’s current flow. Therefore, we introduced a coefficient φ to comprehensively describe this interaction between the crack and the current distribution of the antenna radiation modes. Based on the definition of coefficient φ , an algorithm was proposed for predicting the resonant frequency shifts caused by a random notch-shaped crack and was verified by the experimental measurements. The presented study aims to provide the foundation for the future use of the patch antenna sensor in tracking the propagation of cracks of arbitrary orientation and location in metal structures.

scholarly journals A Novel Circular Slotted Microstrip-Fed Patch Antenna with three Triangle Shape Defected Ground Structure for Multiband Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jaiswal ◽  
R. K. Sarin ◽  
B. Raj ◽  
S. Sukhija
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Defected Ground Structure ◽  
Ground Structure ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Rectangular Patch ◽  
Miniaturized Antenna

In this paper, a novel circular slotted rectangular patch antenna with three triangle shape Defected Ground Structure (DGS) has been proposed. Radiating patch is made by cutting circular slots of radius 3 mm from the three sides and center of the conventional rectangular patch structure and three triangle shape defects are presented on the ground layer. The size of the proposed antenna is 38 X 25 mm2. Optimization is performed and simulation results have been obtained using Empire XCcel 5.51 software. Thus, a miniaturized antenna is designed which has three impedance bandwidths of 0.957 GHz,  0.779 GHz, 0.665 GHz with resonant frequencies at 3.33 GHz, 6.97 GHz and 8.59 GHz and the corresponding return loss at the three resonant frequencies are -40 dB, -43 dB and -38.71 dB respectively. A prototype is also fabricated and tested. Fine agreement between the measured and simulated results has been obtained. It has been observed that introducing three triangle shape defects on the ground plane results in increased bandwidth, less return loss, good radiation pattern and better impedance matching over the required operating bands which can be used for wireless applications and future 5G applications.

scholarly journals Compact Shorted Stacked-Patch Antenna Integrated with Chip-Package Based on LTCC Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjiu Li ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Xiwang Dai ◽  
Cheng Zhu ◽  
Feifei Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Stacked Patch Antenna

A low profile chip-package stacked-patch antenna is proposed by using low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The proposed antenna employs a stacked-patch to achieve two operating frequency bands and enhance the bandwidth. The height of the antenna is decreased to 4.09 mm (aboutλ/25 at 2.45 GHz) due to the shorted pin. The package is mounted on a 44 × 44 mm2ground plane to miniaturize the volume of the system. The design parameters of the antenna and the effect of the antenna on chip-package cavity are carefully analyzed. The designed antenna operates at a center frequency of 2.45 GHz and its impedance bandwidth(S11< -10 dB)is 200 MHz, resulting from two neighboring resonant frequencies at 2.41 and 2.51 GHz, respectively. The average gain across the frequency band is about 5.28 dBi.

scholarly journals Slot-Loaded Microstrip Patch Sensor Antenna for High-Sensitivity Permittivity Characterization

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junho Yeo ◽  
Jong-Ig Lee
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Rectangular Slot ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Rectangular Patch ◽  
Planar Materials ◽  
Measured Sensitivity

A slot-loaded microstrip patch sensor antenna is proposed to enhance sensitivity in measuring the permittivity of planar materials. A thin rectangular slot was etched along the radiating edge of a rectangular patch antenna fed by a microstrip transmission line. Two resonant frequencies were created at a lower frequency compared to the single resonant frequency of a conventional ordinary patch antenna. The sensitivity of the proposed slot-loaded patch antenna was measured by the shift in the resonant frequency of the input reflection coefficient when the planar dielectric superstrate was placed above the patch, and was compared with that of a conventional patch antenna without the slot. The two antennas were designed and fabricated on a 0.76 mm-thick RF-35 substrate for the first resonant frequency to resonate at 2.5 GHz under unloaded conditions. Five different standard dielectric samples with dielectric constants ranging from 2.17 to 10.2 were tested for sensitivity comparison. The experiment results showed that the measured sensitivity of the proposed patch antenna were 3.54 to 4.53 times higher, compared to a conventional patch antenna, for the five samples.

Realization of Electrically Small Patch Antennas Loaded with Metamaterials

2009 ◽  
Vol 1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Strickland ◽  
J. Pruitt ◽  
J. Helffrich ◽  
E. Martinez ◽  
B. Nance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Patch Antennas ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Fill Ratio ◽  
Frequency Resonance ◽  
Test Process

ABSTRACTWe have built and tested electrically small (∼γ/10) resonant patch antennas as proposed in recent literature [1, 2]. The metamaterial array loading the antennas formed a rough cylinder axially enclosed by a patch antenna and a ground plane. The fill ratio, or ratio of the metamaterial array's radius to the patch radius, was less than one. Given a particular negative permeability metamaterial (copper spiral rings printed on circuit board in this case), the fill ratio dictates the lower of two resonant frequencies of the antenna. The higher frequency resonance is characteristic of the patch.We observed that each of the antennas radiated at two resonant frequencies, as predicted. The lower frequency resonance disappeared when the metamaterial was removed. We built two versions of this antenna, one (Design I) with a lower resonant frequency of 756 MHz and higher resonant frequency of 3.3 GHz, and a second antenna (Design II) with a lower resonant frequency of 385 MHz and higher resonant frequency of 1.8 GHz. Because we were interested in reducing the size of patch antennas, we focused on the lower frequency resonances in this work. The antennas' return loss was measured at -23 dB and -28 dB, the gains were -11 dBi and -13 dBi, and the return loss was less than -10 dB over bandwidths of 4.7% and 1.8% for the lower frequency resonances of Design I and Design II, respectively.We also predicted the trend of increasing resonant frequency with decreased metamaterial fill ratio. We varied the fill ratio was by changing the patch size while maintaining the same metamaterial array. As predicted, resonant frequency increased with increasing patch size, an opposite trend to what one would expect without the loading metamaterial. Altering the patch size allows simple tuning during the assembly and test process.

scholarly journals The Improved Radiations in Planar Microstrip Patch Antenna using Linear Slot Etched Ground Plane

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Good Agreement

Radiations improvement in a probe fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna using linear slot etched ground plane is proposed. Conventional MPA is designed using Glass Epoxy FR4 substrate. Substrate has dielectric constant 4.4 and its thickness 1.6 mm, operated at resonant frequency 3.05 GHz. The proposed method is simple and easy to etch on a substrate. This will suppress cross-polarized (XP) radiation field only without disturbing the dominant mode and co-polarized radiations. The concept has been tested using HFSS tool and verified its results experimentally. The experimental results show a good agreement with the simulation results.

Theoretical Analysis of Gap Coupled Microstrip Patch Antenna

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Akanksha Gupta ◽  
D K Srivastava ◽  
J.P. Saini
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Concept Model ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Parasitic Patch ◽  
Good Agreement

<p class="Author">When a patch is placed close to the fed patch, get excited due to parasitic coupling between the two elements. This proposed work presents theoretical analysis of rectangular gap coupled microstrip patch antenna (R-GCMSA) using circuit concept model, and the effect of gap(g), feed width (W<sub>f</sub>), and feed length on performance of the impedance bandwidth is also studied, it is observe as the gap between the parasitic element is increased resonant frequency shifted towards the parasitic patch resonant frequency for broadening the impedance bandwidth. The maximum impedance bandwidth for the proposed antenna design is 12.7% in the frequency range of 3.24-3.7GHz measured, with rectangular shape ground plane size 6030m.m<sup>2</sup>.the highest directivity achieved is 4dBi.The proposed design is simple in structure and compact in size, proposed design is simulated on IE3D Microwave simulator, the simulated result is in good agreement with obtained theoretical and measured results.</p>

scholarly journals Design of a High-Sensitivity Microstrip Patch Sensor Antenna Loaded with a Defected Ground Structure Based on a Complementary Split Ring Resonator

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7064
Author(s):  
Junho Yeo ◽  
Jong-Ig Lee
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Relative Permittivity ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Patch Antennas ◽  
Defected Ground Structure ◽  
Ground Structure ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Resonant Frequencies

A comparative study to determine the most highly sensitive resonant frequency among the first four resonant frequencies of a conventional patch antenna and defected ground structure (DGS)-loaded patch antennas using commonly used DGS geometries in the literature, such as a rectangular slit, single-ring complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) with different split positions, and double-ring CSRRs (DR-CSRRs) with different locations below the patch, for relative permittivity measurement of planar materials was conducted. The sensitivity performance for placing the DGS on two different locations, a center and a radiating edge of the patch, was also compared. Finally, the effect of scaling down the patch size of the DGS-loaded patch antenna was investigated in order to enhance the sensitivities of the higher order resonant frequencies. It was found that the second resonant frequency of the DR-CSRR DGS-loaded patch antenna aligned on a radiating edge with a half scaled-down patch size shows the highest sensitivity when varying the relative permittivity of the material under test from 1 to 10. In order to validate the simulated performance of the proposed antenna, the conventional and the proposed patch antennas were fabricated on 0.76-mm-thick RF-35 substrate, and they were used to measure their sensitivity when several standard dielectric substrate samples with dielectric constants ranging from 2.17 to 10.2 were loaded. The measured sensitivity of the second resonant frequency for the proposed DGS-loaded patch antenna was 4.91 to 7.72 times higher than the first resonant frequency of the conventional patch antenna, and the measured performance is also slightly better compared to the patch antenna loaded with a meander-line slot on the patch.

Design and implementation of a wearable patch antenna that serves as a longitudinal strain sensor

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110138
Author(s):  
Julian Arango Toro ◽  
Willer Ferney Montes Granada ◽  
Sara Maria Yepes Zuluaga
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Poisson's Ratio

This paper describes the design and simulation of a rectangular wearable patch antenna. A parametric study of the antenna was conducted to determine the effect of subjecting it to longitudinal mechanical strain (along the x-axis) on its resonant frequency. The antenna-sensor was based on a cotton fabric dielectric and conductors made of flexible copper sheets that operated at a central frequency of 2.4 GHz, which is in one of the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical application bands. The Deming’s cycle, or Plan, Do, Check, and Act, was the adopted methodology in this study to address this research problem. The resonant cavity technique was implemented to find the relative permittivity and loss tangent of the textile substrate, and a universal testing machine was used to establish its mechanical properties (i.e., Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio). The mechanical properties of the dielectric materials, the elastic modulus in tensile loading (69.34 MPa), and the experimental value of the Poisson's ratio (0.342) were extracted from the literature. Based on the CST (Computer Simulation Technology) datasheet of flexible copper, its elastic modulus in tensile loading is 240 MPa and its Poisson's ratio is 0.39. A Computer Numerical Control machine was employed to cut the flexible copper, and the cotton fabric was cut by hand based on the dimensions of the ground plane. The patch was sewn with strong textile thread at the center of the ground plane and the cotton fabric. Such sewing ensured the physical resistance of the antenna to withstand the conditions of the multiple strains it was subjected to. The antenna implemented here resonated at a frequency of 2.3968 GHz (with a 0.13% error rate) and was well coupled with the transmission line with a Standing Wave Ratio of 1.04. CST Microwave Studio® software was used to simulate the antenna frequency response to mechanical strains based on the reaction of its return losses ([Formula: see text] in dB) to be compared with experimental rigs that bend at a different level of stresses. In line with the theory in the literature, the resonant frequency of the antenna was linearly and inversely proportional to the applied stress, which enabled us to calculate the transduction ratio of the sensor in terms of strain versus frequency. In the experimental setup, the range of variation of the resonant frequency of the sensor was 143.6 MHz, with a very good sensitivity of 2.38 [Formula: see text]. These results pave the way for future studies in which this sensor is used as part of a biomedical system to monitor the vital signs of patients (such as respiratory rate, lung capacity, and performance under different types of physical effort; for example, in high-performance athletes) and diagnose diseases or other kinds of disorders associated with respiratory problems.

scholarly journals Electrically and Frequency-Tunable Printed Inverted-F Antenna with a Perturbed Parasitic Element

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Yoon-Seon Choi ◽  
Ji-Hun Hong ◽  
Jong-Myung Woo
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Perturbation Method ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Pin Diode ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Parasitic Element ◽  
Frequency Tunable

This study designed an electrically and frequency-tunable printed inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with a perturbed parasitic element between the antenna and the ground plane. The resonant frequency of the proposed antenna can be changed via the short- and open-circuit operation of the parasitic element. This operation is activated using an electrical switch, which in this case is a PIN diode with an inductor and a resistor. The antenna was designed on the basis of the principles of the perturbation method, which enables control over resonant frequencies through modifications to the volume of a metal cavity. Meandered gaps were incorporated into the parasitic element for the independent operation of each PIN diode switch. The size of the PIFA’s radiator is 4.8 × 10 mm<sup>2</sup>, and the tunable resonant frequency at the –10 dB bandwidth is 340 MHz (17.3%).

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