scholarly journals Development of Fast E-nose System for Early-Stage Diagnosis of Aphid-Stressed Tomato Plants

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoqing Cui ◽  
Elvia Adriana Alfaro Inocente ◽  
Nuris Acosta ◽  
Harold. M. Keener ◽  
Heping Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
System A ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Sensitive Sensor

An electronic nose (E-nose) system equipped with a sensitive sensor array was developed for fast diagnosis of aphid infestation on greenhouse tomato plants at early stages. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by tomato plants with and without aphid attacks were detected using both the developed E-nose system and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Sensor performance, with fast sensor responses and high sensitivity, were observed using the E-nose system. A principle component analysis (PCA) indicated accurate diagnosis of aphid-stressed plants compared to healthy ones, with the first two PCs accounting for 86.7% of the classification. The changes in VOCs profiles of the healthy and infested tomato plants were quantitatively determined by GC-MS. Results indicated that a group of new VOCs biomarkers (linalool, carveol, and nonane (2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethyl-)) played a role in providing information on the infestation on the tomato plants. More importantly, the variation in the concentration of sesquiterpene VOCs (e.g., caryophyllene) and new terpene alcohol compounds was closely associated with the sensor responses during E-nose testing, which verified the reliability and accuracy of the developed E-nose system. Tomato plants growing in spring had similar VOCs profiles as those of winter plants, except several terpenes released from spring plants that had a slightly higher intensity.

Detection of Diseases and Volatile Discrimination of Plants

2011 ◽  
pp. 214-230
Author(s):  
Reza Ghaffari ◽  
Fu Zhang ◽  
D. D. Iliescu ◽  
Evor L. Hines ◽  
Mark S. Leeson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Infected Tomato

The diagnosis of plant diseases is an important part of commercial greenhouse crop production and can enable continued disease and pest control. A plant subject to infection typically releases exclusive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which may be detected by appropriate sensors. In this work, an Electronic Nose (EN) is employed as an alternative to Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to sample the VOCs emitted by control and artificially infected tomato plants. A case study in which powdery mildew and spider mites may be present on tomato plants is considered. The data from the EN was analyzed and visualized using Fuzzy C-Mean Clustering (FCM) and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). The VOC samples from healthy plants were successfully distinguished from the infected ones using the clustering techniques. This study suggests that the proposed methodology is promising for enhancing the automated detection of crop pests and diseases and may be an attractive tool to be deployed in horticultural settings.

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques for the characterisation of organic materials in works of art

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Composition ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Material Studies

Abstract The power of GC/MS to resolve, characterise and quantify complex mixtures of organic compounds with high sensitivity has made it an indispensable analytical tool to address detailed questions about the chemical constituents of works of art. This paper provides an overview of the technique and its particular suitability to material studies of art and historical artefacts, and reviews its diverse research applications concerning the organic composition of artists’ and conservation materials. Options with regard to sample preparation by chemical derivatisation, pyrolysis techniques, and methods for the analysis of volatile organic compounds are discussed, as well as various approaches to the treatment and interpretation of data. The greatest value is gained from GC/MS when it is used as a complementary technique, informed by and in synergy with other methods of analysis.

scholarly journals A High Sensitive Sensor Using Mim Coupled With a Rectangular Cavity Based on Fano Resonance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
hocine bahri ◽  
Souheil Mouetsi ◽  
Abdesselam Hocini ◽  
hocine Ben Salah
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Resonance Wavelength ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Metal Insulator Metal ◽  
Wavelength Resolution ◽  
Waveguide System ◽  
Sensitive Sensor ◽  
Difference Time

Abstract In this paper, a design with high sensitivity of a plasmonic biosensor by waveguide system is proposed, based on Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) coupled with unique rectangular cavities, this structure numerically simulated using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method (FDTD) in two Dimensions (2D), and analyzed for the optimal sensor performance, by detecting the resonance wavelength and varying the refractive index (RI). The results show two sharp transmission peaks with high transmittance and asymmetrical line-shaped Fano resonances achieved with high value of sensitivity is 3010nm/RIU, by taking the wavelength resolution reach as high as 3.84×10-6 RIU. Considering the standards of Chip-scale integrated planar photonic sensing, the newly designed of the proposed structure with such high sensitivity provides remarkable properties suitable for biosensors, filter, and provide a new possibility for designing compact and high-performance plasmonic biosensors devices.

scholarly journals Effects of Bactericera cockerelli Herbivory on Volatile Emissions of Three Varieties of Solanum lycopersicum

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Juan Mayo-Hernández ◽  
Enrique Ramírez-Chávez ◽  
Jorge Molina-Torres ◽  
María de Lourdes Guillén-Cisneros ◽  
Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Domesticated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops have presented an increased susceptibility to pests under field and greenhouse conditions. Among these pests is tomato/potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Sulc (Hemiptera: Triozidae), a major pest in solanaceous crops. In this study, we evaluated volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the headspace in three healthy varieties of tomato plants (Floradade, Micro-Tom and wild) under greenhouse conditions using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS). Later, independent bioassays were performed to evaluate VOC emissions with three varieties infested with nymphs of B. cockerelli. The results in healthy plants showed markedly different VOC profiles in each variety (14 compounds for wild, 17 for Floradade and 4 for Micro-Tom). Plants infested with nymphs showed changes in VOC emissions distinctly in Floradade and wild varieties. We suggest that these qualitative differences in VOC profiles by the degree of domestication could explain the preferences of B. cockerelli.

Comparison of the Effects of Silver in Nanostructured and Ultrahigh Diluted Form on Growth and Volatile Compounds Produced by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-329
Author(s):  
Fateme Mirzajani ◽  
Amin Hamidi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Untreated Sample ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Octyl Acetate ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Introduction: In this project, the growth and volatile metabolites profiles of Escherichia coli (E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus were monitored under the influence of silver base chemical, nanoparticle and ultra-highly diluted compounds. Materials & Methods: The treatments were done for 12000 life cycles using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as well as ultra-highly diluted Argentum nitricum (Arg-n). Volatile organic metabolites analysis was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated that AgNPs treatment made the bacteria resistant and adapted to growth in the nanoparticle condition. The use of ultra-highly diluted Arg-n initially increased growth but it decreased later. Also, with the continuous usage of these materials, no more bacterial growth was observed. Results: The most important compounds produced by E. coli are Acetophenone, Octyl acetate, Styrene, 1,8-cineole, 4-t-butyl-2-(1-methyl-2-nitroethyl)cyclohexane, hexadecane and 2-Undecanol. The main compounds derived from S. aureus are Acetophenone,1,8-cineole, Benzaldehyde, 2-Hexan-1-ol, Tridecanol, Dimethyl Octenal and tetradecane. Acetophenone and 1,8-cineole were common and produced by both organisms. Conclusion: Based on the origin of the produced volatiles, main volatiles percentage of untreated sample is hydrocarbon (>50%), while bacteria treatments convert the ratio in to aldehydes, ketones and alcohols in the case of AgNPs, (>80%) and aldehydes, ketones and terpenes in the case of Arg-n (>70%).

scholarly journals The Stool Volatile Metabolome of Pre-Term Babies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3341
Author(s):  
Alessandra Frau ◽  
Lauren Lett ◽  
Rachael Slater ◽  
Gregory R. Young ◽  
Christopher J. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Mixed Modelling

The fecal metabolome in early life has seldom been studied. We investigated its evolution in pre-term babies during their first weeks of life. Multiple (n = 152) stool samples were studied from 51 babies, all <32 weeks gestation. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Data were interpreted using Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution System (AMDIS) with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) reference library. Statistical analysis was based on linear mixed modelling, the number of VOCs increased over time; a rise was mainly observed between day 5 and day 10. The shift at day 5 was associated with products of branched-chain fatty acids. Prior to this, the metabolome was dominated by aldehydes and acetic acid. Caesarean delivery showed a modest association with molecules of fungal origin. This study shows how the metabolome changes in early life in pre-term babies. The shift in the metabolome 5 days after delivery coincides with the establishment of enteral feeding and the transition from meconium to feces. Great diversity of metabolites was associated with being fed greater volumes of milk.

scholarly journals Identification of BHLHE40 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattapon Kunadirek ◽  
Chaiyaboot Ariyachet ◽  
Supachaya Sriphoosanaphan ◽  
Nutcha Pinjaroen ◽  
Pongserath Sirichindakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Transcription Profiles ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

AbstractNovel and sensitive biomarkers is highly required for early detection and predicting prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated transcription profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 8 patients with HCC and PBMCs from co-culture model with HCC using RNA-Sequencing. These transcription profiles were cross compared with published microarray datasets of PBMCs in HCC to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of commonly identified of 24 DEGs among these data were proposed as cancer-induced genes in PBMCs, including 18 upregulated and 6 downregulated DEGs. The KEGG pathway showed that these enriched genes were mainly associated with immune responses. Five up-regulated candidate genes including BHLHE40, AREG, SOCS1, CCL5, and DDIT4 were selected and further validated in PBMCs of 100 patients with HBV-related HCC, 100 patients with chronic HBV infection and 100 healthy controls. Based on ROC analysis, BHLHE40 and DDIT4 displayed better diagnostic performance than alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in discriminating HCC from controls. Additionally, BHLHE40 and DDIT4 had high sensitivity for detecting AFP-negative and early-stage HCC. BHLHE40 was also emerged as an independent prognostic factor of overall survival of HCC. Together, our study indicated that BHLHE40 in PBMCs could be a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HBV-related HCC.

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