scholarly journals Assessing the Tidal Volume through Wearables: A Scoping Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4124
Author(s):  
Vito Monaco ◽  
Cesare Stefanini
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Optoelectronic Plethysmography ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The assessment of respiratory activity based on wearable devices is becoming an area of growing interest due to the wide range of available sensors. Accordingly, this scoping review aims to identify research evidence supporting the use of wearable devices to monitor the tidal volume during both daily activities and clinical settings. A screening of the literature (Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) was carried out in December 2020 to collect studies: i. comparing one or more methodological approaches for the assessment of tidal volume with the outcome of a state-of-the-art measurement device (i.e., spirometry or optoelectronic plethysmography); ii. dealing with technological solutions designed to be exploited in wearable devices. From the initial 1031 documents, only 36 citations met the eligibility criteria. These studies highlighted that the tidal volume can be estimated by using different technologies ranging from IMUs to strain sensors (e.g., resistive, capacitive, inductive, electromagnetic, and optical) or acoustic sensors. Noticeably, the relative volumetric error of these solutions during quasi-static tasks (e.g., resting and sitting) is typically ≥10% but it deteriorates during dynamic motor tasks (e.g., walking). As such, additional efforts are required to improve the performance of these devices and to identify possible applications based on their accuracy and reliability.

scholarly journals A scoping review of severe maternal morbidity: describing risk factors and methodological approaches to inform population-based surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Korst ◽  
Kimberly D. Gregory ◽  
Lisa A. Nicholas ◽  
Samia Saeb ◽  
David J. Reynen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Risk Adjustment ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Severe Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Abstract Background Current interest in using severe maternal morbidity (SMM) as a quality indicator for maternal healthcare will require the development of a standardized method for estimating hospital or regional SMM rates that includes adjustment and/or stratification for risk factors. Objective To perform a scoping review to identify methodological considerations and potential covariates for risk adjustment for delivery-associated SMM. Search methods Following the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews, systematic searches were conducted with the entire PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases to identify publications using the key term “severe maternal morbidity.” Selection criteria Included studies required population-based cohort data and testing or adjustment of risk factors for SMM occurring during the delivery admission. Descriptive studies and those using surveillance-based data collection methods were excluded. Data collection and analysis Information was extracted into a pre-defined database. Study design and eligibility, overall quality and results, SMM definitions, and patient-, hospital-, and community-level risk factors and their definitions were assessed. Main results Eligibility criteria were met by 81 studies. Methodological approaches were heterogeneous and study results could not be combined quantitatively because of wide variability in data sources, study designs, eligibility criteria, definitions of SMM, and risk-factor selection and definitions. Of the 180 potential risk factors identified, 41 were categorized as pre-existing conditions (e.g., chronic hypertension), 22 as obstetrical conditions (e.g., multiple gestation), 22 as intrapartum conditions (e.g., delivery route), 15 as non-clinical variables (e.g., insurance type), 58 as hospital-level variables (e.g., delivery volume), and 22 as community-level variables (e.g., neighborhood poverty). Conclusions The development of a risk adjustment strategy that will allow for SMM comparisons across hospitals or regions will require harmonization regarding: a) the standardization of the SMM definition; b) the data sources and population used; and c) the selection and definition of risk factors of interest.

scholarly journals The Role of Eye Gaze in Regulating Turn Taking in Conversations: A Systematized Review of Methods and Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziedune Degutyte ◽  
Arlene Astell
Keyword(s):  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speech Monitoring ◽  
Systematized Review ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Eye gaze plays an important role in communication but understanding of its actual function or functions and the methods used to elucidate this have varied considerably. This systematized review was undertaken to summarize both the proposed functions of eye gaze in conversations of healthy adults and the methodological approaches employed. The eligibility criteria were restricted to a healthy adult population and excluded studies that manipulated eye gaze behavior. A total of 29 articles—quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods were returned, with a wide range of methodological designs. The main areas of variability related to number of conversants, their familiarity and status, conversation topic, data collection tools—video and eye tracking—and definitions of eye gaze. The findings confirm that eye gaze facilitates turn yielding, plays a role in speech monitoring, prevents and repairs conversation breakdowns and facilitates intentional and unintentional speech interruptions. These findings were remarkably consistent given the variability in methods across the 29 articles. However, in relation to turn initiation, the results were less consistent, requiring further investigation. This review provides a starting point for future studies to make informed decisions about study methods for examining eye gaze and selecting variables of interest.

scholarly journals Benefits of Digital Health Resources for Substance Use Concerns in Women: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Quilty ◽  
Branka Agic ◽  
Michelle Coombs ◽  
Betty-Lou Kristy ◽  
Jill Shakespeare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mobile Interventions

BACKGROUND Digital health resources are being increasingly used to support women with substance use concerns. Although empirical research demonstrates that these resources have promise, the available evidence for their benefit in women requires further investigation. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the evidence supporting the efficacy or effectiveness for online or mobile interventions for risky or harmful substance use in adults who identify as female or women, or who report a history of trauma. METHODS This scoping review is based on an academic search in MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and CINAHL, as well as a grey literature search in U.S. and Canadian government and funding agency websites. Of the 4977 records identified, 355 remained following title and abstract screening. Of these, 121 met all eligibility criteria and were reviewed and synthesized. RESULTS The 121 records reflected 96 distinct studies, and 85 distinct interventions. Investigations and the interventions evaluated predominantly focused on alcohol use or general substance use. Digital health resources evaluated included multi-session and brief session interventions, with a wide range of therapeutic elements. More intensive online and mobile interventions exhibited moderate to strong effects in the vast majority of studies, whereas brief interventions demonstrated smaller effect sizes at short-term follow-up periods. Most investigations did not assess gender identity, or conduct sex- or gender-based analyses. Only 10 investigations that included trauma were located. CONCLUSIONS Despite the overall promise of digital health interventions for substance use concerns, direct or quantitative evidence for efficacy or effectiveness of interventions in females or women specifically is weak.

scholarly journals Workforce safety in the remote health sector of Australia: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e051345
Author(s):  
Laura Kimberly Wright ◽  
Santosh Jatrana ◽  
David Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Lead Author ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training ◽  
Remote Health

ObjectivesTo scope the evidence surrounding workplace health and safety risks for the remote health workforce in Australia and to collate the recommendations to address those risks.DesignA five-stage scoping review framework refined by Cooper et al was used for this review. Informit Health Collection, Ovid Emcare, Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, ProQuest and the grey literature were searched in October 2020 using a combination of key words derived from the eligibility criteria. No date restriction was placed on the search. Title and abstract screening, full-text review and data extraction were performed by three reviewers. Data were analysed by the lead author using qualitative thematic analysis.Eligibility criteriaArticles were eligible for inclusion if they were published research or industry reports, focused on safety for the remote health workforce in Australia, identified hazards/safety risks or recommendations to reduce risk, and were written in English.ResultsThe search yielded 312 articles, of which 18 met the inclusion criteria. A wide range of hazards/safety risks and recommendations were identified within the literature, which related to safety culture, isolation, safe environment, and education and training. Some recommendations, such as the use of a risk management approach, good post-incident support, safer clinics and accommodation, and improved access to education and training, had been discussed in the literature for over a decade, with a high level of agreement regarding their importance. Two articles briefly evaluated the impact of some recommendations.ConclusionWhile many recommendations have been developed to improve the safety of the remote health workforce in Australia, there is little evidence of their implementation and evaluation. As many remote health professionals report ongoing or worsening workplace safety issues, there is an urgent need for the implementation and evaluation of the workforce safety strategies recommended in the literature and required by legislation.

Sleep Apps for Youth: A Scoping Review of What is Available and What is Needed (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin HG Maich ◽  
Rana Abu-Jazar ◽  
Rachael Burnett ◽  
Carly Cosgrove ◽  
William Maich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
Primary Investigator ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Difficulties

BACKGROUND Sleep difficulties are prevalent and concerning for many North Americans. Despite strong empirical support for insomnia treatment, lack of access presents a significant barrier to treatment dissemination. This is particularly true amongst teens and young adults. Mobile applications (‘apps’) are uniquely suited to address this need. OBJECTIVE We conducted a scoping review to identify and appraise commercially available apps for AYAs with sleep difficulties. METHODS Proceeding in 3 phases, a comprehensive search of commercially available apps was conducted between August 2016 and January 2017. The initial phase involved a search of app stores using relevant search terms (sleep; sleeping; insomnia; sleep aid; night). In the second phase, apps were assessed for eligibility using the following inclusion criteria: 1) Goal is to provide education, tools, or advice related to management of insomnia symptoms. 2) Primary intended users are AYAs. Exclusion criteria were: 1) App is classified as an ‘e-book.’ 2) Primary utility is meditation, hypnosis, or relaxation for sleep. 3) Primary function is background sleep music or sounds. 4) Primary function is alarm clock. 5) Sole sleep aid function is tracking/monitoring, with no education, tools, or advice for insomnia. In the third phase, apps were culled for functionality information, including: A) Self-monitoring of symptoms; B) Tracking sleep; C) Education related to insomnia; D) Advice or intervention for managing insomnia symptoms. Finally, the primary investigator conducted a final review of phase 3 apps, closely examining the functionality of these apps, based on app descriptions, app content, and developer website (where available). RESULTS The initial search yielded 2036 apps; after eligibility criteria were applied, functionality information was extracted for 48 apps. Twenty-three of these were later excluded. Of the final 25 apps, 24% included self-monitoring of symptoms; 28% included a sleep tracking function; 56% provided insomnia education; and 92% provided advice or intervention for managing sleep difficulties. The majority (80%) were free. Several (20%) provided sleep interventions that are not supported by research. In the final evaluation, only 6 apps met all four of the functionality criteria; of these, none were geared towards AYA users specifically. The purported and examined functionality of these six apps are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia is a unique problem among AYAs, as non-insomnia factors must also be considered when designing an appropriate intervention (e.g., AYAs are more delayed in sleep schedule, require more sleep than adults). There are currently 6 apps that are appropriate for self-management of adult insomnia. There are 0 apps designed for AYA users. Development of an evidence-based app for managing insomnia in this population is critical. Once an appropriate app becomes available, future studies should test its usability and efficacy in AYA samples.

Recycling and Reuse in the Roman Economy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Roman Economy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Site Types

The recycling and reuse of materials and objects were extensive in the past, but have rarely been embedded into models of the economy; even more rarely has any attempt been made to assess the scale of these practices. Recent developments, including the use of large datasets, computational modelling, and high-resolution analytical chemistry, are increasingly offering the means to reconstruct recycling and reuse, and even to approach the thorny matter of quantification. Growing scholarly interest in the topic has also led to an increasing recognition of these practices from those employing more traditional methodological approaches, which are sometimes coupled with innovative archaeological theory. Thanks to these efforts, it has been possible for the first time in this volume to draw together archaeological case studies on the recycling and reuse of a wide range of materials, from papyri and textiles, to amphorae, metals and glass, building materials and statuary. Recycling and reuse occur at a range of site types, and often in contexts which cross-cut material categories, or move from one object category to another. The volume focuses principally on the Roman Imperial and late antique world, over a broad geographical span ranging from Britain to North Africa and the East Mediterranean. Last, but not least, the volume is unique in focusing upon these activities as a part of the status quo, and not just as a response to crisis.

scholarly journals Applied sport science and medicine of women’s rugby codes: a systematic-scoping review and consensus on future research priorities protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e001108
Author(s):  
Omar Heyward ◽  
Stacey Emmonds ◽  
Gregory Roe ◽  
Sean Scantlebury ◽  
Keith Stokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Consensus Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Women’s rugby (rugby league, rugby union and rugby sevens) has recently grown in participation and professionalisation. There is under-representation of women-only cohorts within applied sport science and medicine research and within the women’s rugby evidence base. The aims of this article are: Part 1: to undertake a systematic-scoping review of the applied sport science and medicine of women’s rugby, and Part 2: to develop a consensus statement on future research priorities. This article will be designed in two parts: Part 1: a systematic-scoping review, and Part 2: a three-round Delphi consensus method. For Part 1, systematic searches of three electronic databases (PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, SPORTDiscus (EBSCOhost)) will be performed from the earliest record. These databases will be searched to identify any sport science and medicine themed studies within women’s rugby. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews will be adhered to. Part 2 involves a three-round Delphi consensus method to identify future research priorities. Identified experts in women’s rugby will be provided with overall findings from Part 1 to inform decision-making. Participants will then be asked to provide a list of research priority areas. Over the three rounds, priority areas achieving consensus (≥70% agreement) will be identified. This study has received institutional ethical approval. When complete, the manuscript will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings of this article will have relevance for a wide range of stakeholders in women’s rugby, including policymakers and governing bodies.

scholarly journals Hypnotherapy for Procedural Pain and Distress in Children: A scoping Review Protocol

Pain Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daly Geagea ◽  
Zephanie Tyack ◽  
Roy Kimble ◽  
Lars Eriksson ◽  
Vince Polito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Procedural Pain ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Objective Inadequately treated pain and distress elicited by medical procedures can put children at higher risks of acute and chronic biopsychosocial sequelae. Children can benefit from hypnotherapy, a psychological tailored intervention, as an adjunct to pharmacological agents to address the multiple components of pain and distress. Despite providing evidence on the effectiveness and potential superiority of hypnotherapy to other psychological interventions, research on hypnotherapy for paediatric procedural pain and distress has been predominantly limited to oncology and needle procedures. Plus, there is a lack of reporting of intervention manuals, factors influencing hypnotic responding, pain unpleasantness outcomes, theoretical frameworks, adverse events, as well as barriers and facilitators to the feasibility of delivering the intervention and study procedures. The proposed review aims to map the range and nature of the evidence on hypnotherapy for procedural pain and distress in children to identify gaps in literature and areas requiring further investigation. Methods This review will follow the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) methodology and incorporate additional scoping review recommendations by The Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Relevant studies will be identified through searching published literature databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature in addition to hand-searching of reference lists and key journals. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts of search results followed by full-texts review against eligibility criteria. Conclusion Findings are anticipated to guide future research and inform the development of tailored hypnotic interventions in children.

scholarly journals Formative peer assessment in higher healthcare education programmes: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e045345
Author(s):  
Marie Stenberg ◽  
Elisabeth Mangrio ◽  
Mariette Bengtsson ◽  
Elisabeth Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Healthcare Education ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Constructive Feedback ◽  
Pertinent Data

ObjectivesFormative peer assessment focuses on learning and development of the student learning process. This implies that students are taking responsibility for assessing the work of their peers by giving and receiving feedback to each other. The aim was to compile research about formative peer assessment presented in higher healthcare education, focusing on the rationale, the interventions, the experiences of students and teachers and the outcomes of formative assessment interventions.DesignA scoping review.Data sourcesSearches were conducted until May 2019 in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Education Research Complete and Education Research Centre. Grey literature was searched in Library Search, Google Scholar and Science Direct.Eligibility criteriaStudies addressing formative peer assessment in higher education, focusing on medicine, nursing, midwifery, dentistry, physical or occupational therapy and radiology published in peer-reviewed articles or in grey literature.Data extractions and synthesisOut of 1452 studies, 37 met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised using relevant Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, Joanna Briggs Institute and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool tools. The pertinent data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultThe critical appraisal resulted in 18 included studies with high and moderate quality. The rationale for using formative peer assessment relates to giving and receiving constructive feedback as a means to promote learning. The experience and outcome of formative peer assessment interventions from the perspective of students and teachers are presented within three themes: (1) organisation and structure of the formative peer assessment activities, (2) personal attributes and consequences for oneself and relationships and (3) experience and outcome of feedback and learning.ConclusionHealthcare education must consider preparing and introducing students to collaborative learning, and thus develop well-designed learning activities aligned with the learning outcomes. Since peer collaboration seems to affect students’ and teachers’ experiences of formative peer assessment, empirical investigations exploring collaboration between students are of utmost importance.

Age-Dependency of Total Tau in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Corrected by Amyloid-β 1–40: A Correlational Study in Healthy Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Paul Theo Zebhauser ◽  
Achim Berthele ◽  
Marie-Sophie Franz ◽  
Oliver Goldhardt ◽  
Janine Diehl-Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Total Tau ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Tau proteins are established biomarkers of neuroaxonal damage in a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions. Although measurement of total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is widely used in research and clinical settings, the relationship between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is yet to be fully understood. While past studies reported a correlation between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy adults, in clinical practice the same cut-off value is used independently of patient’s age. Objective: To further explore the relationship between age and total-Tau and to disentangle neurodegenerative from drainage-dependent effects. Methods: We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid samples of 76 carefully selected cognitively healthy adults and included amyloid-β 1–40 as a potential marker of drainage from the brain’s interstitial system. Results: We found a significant correlation of total-Tau and age, which was no longer present when correcting total-Tau for amyloid-β 1–40 concentrations. These findings were replicated under varied inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Results call into question the association of age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, they suggest diagnostic utility of amyloid-β 1–40 as a possible proxy for drainage-mechanisms into the cerebrospinal fluid when interpreting biomarker concentrations for neurodegenerative diseases.

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