scholarly journals Evaluation of a Fatigue Detector Using Eye Closure-Associated Indicators Acquired from Truck Drivers in a Simulator Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6449
Author(s):  
Łukasz Dziuda ◽  
Paulina Baran ◽  
Piotr Zieliński ◽  
Krzysztof Murawski ◽  
Mariusz Dziwosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Subjective Fatigue ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Eye Closure ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents a camera-based prototype sensor for detecting fatigue and drowsiness in drivers, which are common causes of road accidents. The evaluation of the detector operation involved eight professional truck drivers, who drove the truck simulator twice—i.e., when they were rested and drowsy. The Fatigue Symptoms Scales (FSS) questionnaire was used to assess subjectively perceived levels of fatigue, whereas the percentage of eye closure time (PERCLOS), eye closure duration (ECD), and frequency of eye closure (FEC) were selected as eye closure-associated fatigue indicators, determined from the images of drivers’ faces captured by the sensor. Three alternative models for subjective fatigue were used to analyse the relationship between the raw score of the FSS questionnaire, and the eye closure-associated indicators were estimated. The results revealed that, in relation to the subjective assessment of fatigue, PERCLOS is a significant predictor of the changes observed in individual subjects during the performance of tasks, while ECD reflects the individual differences in subjective fatigue occurred both between drivers and in individual drivers between the ‘rested’ and ‘drowsy’ experimental conditions well. No relationship between the FEC index and the FSS state scale was found.

scholarly journals Frankly, We Do Give a Damn

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 816-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilad Feldman ◽  
Huiwen Lian ◽  
Michal Kosinski ◽  
David Stillwell
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

There are two conflicting perspectives regarding the relationship between profanity and dishonesty. These two forms of norm-violating behavior share common causes and are often considered to be positively related. On the other hand, however, profanity is often used to express one’s genuine feelings and could therefore be negatively related to dishonesty. In three studies, we explored the relationship between profanity and honesty. We examined profanity and honesty first with profanity behavior and lying on a scale in the lab (Study 1; N = 276), then with a linguistic analysis of real-life social interactions on Facebook (Study 2; N = 73,789), and finally with profanity and integrity indexes for the aggregate level of U.S. states (Study 3; N = 50 states). We found a consistent positive relationship between profanity and honesty; profanity was associated with less lying and deception at the individual level and with higher integrity at the society level.

scholarly journals Intracellular pH shifts in cultured kidney (A6) cells: effects on apical Na+ transport

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. C469-C479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Zeiske ◽  
Ilse Smets ◽  
Marcel Ameloot ◽  
Paul Steels ◽  
Willy van Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Na Transport ◽  
Open Probability ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Channel Density ◽  
A6 Cells ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Volume Controlled

We report, for the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in A6 cells, the modulation by cell pH (pHc) of the transepithelial Na+ current ( I Na), the current through the individual Na+channel ( i), the open Na+ channel density ( N o), and the kinetic parameters of the relationship between I Na and the apical Na+ concentration. The i and N o were evaluated from the Lorentzian I Na noise induced by the apical Na+ channel blocker 6-chloro-3,5-diaminopyrazine-2-carboxamide. pHc shifts were induced, under strict and volume-controlled experimental conditions, by apical/basolateral NH4Cl pulses or basolateral arrest of the Na+/H+exchanger (Na+ removal; block by ethylisopropylamiloride) and were measured with the pH-sensitive probe 2′,7′-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. The changes in pHc were positively correlated to changes in I Na and the apically dominated transepithelial conductance. The sole pHc-sensitive parameter underlying I Na was N o. Only the saturation value of the I Na kinetics was subject to changes in pHc. pHc-dependent changes in N o may be caused by influencing P o, the ENaC open probability, or/and the total channel number, N T = N o/ P o.

scholarly journals Subjective assessment of social status and socio-psychological attitudes of student youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 19004
Author(s):  
Elena Suroedova ◽  
Yulya Tushnova
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The Real ◽  
Factor Evaluation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

The problem of accompanying talented youth is closely related to the phenomenon of social status, including the individual psychological characteristics of the perception of their own social status. This article examines the quantitative characteristics of the subjective assessment of the real and ideal social status by students of different levels of education, as well as the relationship between socio-psychological attitudes and the semantic space of the social status of student youth. The study involved 169 students aged 16 to 47 years (M = 20.6, SD = 4.4 (56.4% men). Methods were used: semantic differential, survey - methodology for diagnosing socio-psychological attitudes of personality by Potemkina O.F., World assumptions scale (WAS) R. Janoff-Bulman (adapted and re-standardized by Padun M.A., Kotelnikova A.V.); statistical methods. The study established differences in factor Evaluation, factor Potency and factor Activity, real and ideal status of students at different levels of education, differences in the socio-psychological attitudes of students at different levels of education, as well as the relationship of subjective assessment of real and ideal social status with socio-psychological attitudes. Research prospects are aimed at studying the content characteristics of the subjective assessment of the real and ideal social status of student youth.

The Aerodigestive Clinic: Multidisciplinary Management of Pediatric Dysphagia

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Haibeck ◽  
David L. Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purposes of this article are (a) to explore the relationship between pediatric upper airway obstruction and dysphagia and (b) to highlight the benefits of using a multidisciplinary approach when assessing infants and children with upper respiratory and swallowing disorders. The functions of breathing and swallowing are tightly coordinated in infants and young children, and pediatric upper airway disorders can often adversely affect the swallowing mechanism and may even predispose the individual to aspiration. Some of the more common causes of pediatric airway obstruction seen in this setting are laryngomalacia, vocal fold paralysis, laryngeal cleft, and Pierre Robin's sequence. In the setting of all of these disorders, associations may also exist with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and laryngopharyngeal reflux, and this topic is also reviewed. In the multidisciplinary assessment of young children with aerodigestive disorders, fiberoptic flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing has gained traction as a useful test for simultaneous evaluation of pediatric upper airway obstruction and dysphagia and has provided complimentary information to the more traditional pediatric videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation. A representative case study is provided that illustrates the relationship between pediatric upper airway obstruction and dysphagia and demonstrates the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relationship between Road Accidents and Psychophysical State of Drivers through Wearable Devices

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Studer ◽  
Valeria Paglino ◽  
Paolo Gandini ◽  
Andrea Stelitano ◽  
Ulderico Triboli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Accident Rates ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

A driver’s behavior and their psychophysical state are the most common causes of road accidents. The research presented in the paper proposes a method that allows the identification of highly dangerous road stretches/intersections in advance, based on the localization of stressful/relaxing situations measured on drivers. These were measured through the collection of physiological parameters using wearable devices. A correlation between stressful/relaxing situations and locations with high accident rates, based on a historical statistical database (black spots), was investigated. A series of driving tests was conducted in the city of Milan. The first set was mostly oriented to the research and validation of the parameters related to the driver’s psychophysical state. Subsequent tests allowed the definition of a correlation between black spots and relaxing/stressful areas. The results showed that the most stressful areas for drivers fell mainly within those with high accident rates. Furthermore, 80% of the most dangerous zones of the route were identified using this method, thus confirming the validity of the approach as a support tool for a priori preventive analysis for road safety. The wearable devices allowed the study and the integration of specific elements relating to human behavior in the field of road safety, which typically involves a technical-engineering approach.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

Virginia Woolf and Being-in-the-world

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Simone
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Existential Perspective

Virginia Woolf and Being-in-the-world: A Heideggerian Study explores Woolf’s treatment of the relationship between self and world from a phenomenological-existential perspective. This study presents a timely and compelling interpretation of Virginia Woolf’s textual treatment of the relationship between self and world from the perspective of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. Drawing on Woolf’s novels, essays, reviews, letters, diary entries, short stories, and memoirs, the book explores the political and the ontological, as the individual’s connection to the world comes to be defined by an involvement and engagement that is always already situated within a particular physical, societal, and historical context. Emma Simone argues that at the heart of what it means to be an individual making his or her way in the world, the perspectives of Woolf and Heidegger are founded upon certain shared concerns, including the sustained critique of Cartesian dualism, particularly the resultant binary oppositions of subject and object, and self and Other; the understanding that the individual is a temporal being; an emphasis upon intersubjective relations insofar as Being-in-the-world is defined by Being-with-Others; and a consistent emphasis upon average everydayness as both determinative and representative of the individual’s relationship to and with the world.

The importance and significance of gene polymorphisms in preeclampsia

2016 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
P.N. Veropotvelyan ◽  
◽  
I.S. Tsehmistrenko ◽  
N.P. Veropotvelyan ◽  
N.S. Rusak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Extended Study ◽  
Stress Genes ◽  
Detoxification System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Was to conduct a systematic review of data on the relationship between polymorphisms genes of detoxification system and development of preeclampsia (РЕ). Рresents the main genes of detoxification system (GSTPI, GSTМI, GSTТI, GРХI, ЕРНХI, SOD-2, SOD-3, CYPIAL, MTHЕR, MTR) and their functions. Of interest is the possibility of calculating the individual risk of PE based on the results about the presence of a combination of different polymorphisms in the genotype of the female. Question about early diagnosis of РЕ remains controversial and not fully understood. It is necessary to conduct further in-depth, extended study of this problem. Key words: preeclampsia, oxidative stress, genes of the detoxification system.

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