scholarly journals Validation of a Smartwatch-Based Workout Analysis Application in Exercise Recognition, Repetition Count and Prediction of 1RM in the Strength Training-Specific Setting

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Katja Oberhofer ◽  
Raphael Erni ◽  
Mark Sayers ◽  
Dominik Huber ◽  
Fabian Lüthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Strength Exercise ◽  
Velocity Data ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Specific Setting ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
Using Data

The goal of this study was to assess the validity, reliability and accuracy of a smartwatch-based workout analysis application in exercise recognition, repetition count and One Repetition Maximum (1RM) prediction in the strength training-specific setting. Thirty recreationally trained athletes performed four consecutive sets of barbell deadlift, barbell bench press and barbell back squat exercises with increasing loads from 60% to 80% of their estimated 1RM with maximum lift velocity. Data was measured using an Apple Watch Sport and instantaneously analyzed using an iOS workout analysis application called StrengthControl. The accuracies in exercise recognition and repetition count, as well as the reliability in predicting 1RM, were statistically analyzed and compared. The correct strength exercise was recognised in 88.4% of all the performed sets (N = 363) with accurate repetition count for the barbell back squat (p = 0.68) and the barbell deadlift (p = 0.09); however, repetition count for the barbell bench press was poor (p = 0.01). Only 8.9% of attempts to predict 1RM using the StrengthControl app were successful, with failed attempts being due to technical difficulties and time lag in data transfer. Using data from a linear position transducer instead, significantly different 1RM estimates were obtained when analysing repetition to failure versus load-velocity relationships. The present results provide new perspectives on the applicability of smartwatch-based strength training monitoring to improve athlete performance.

scholarly journals Efectos del entrenamiento de sobrecarga tradicional vs CrossFit sobre distintas expresiones de la fuerza (Effects of traditional strength training vs CrossFit on different expressions of strength)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Facundo Costa ◽  
Andrés Santiago Parodi Feye ◽  
Carlos Magallanes
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Endurance Strength

  El desarrollo de la fuerza es relevante tanto para el rendimiento como para la salud. El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar los efectos del CrossFit en comparación con entrenamiento tradicional sobre distintas manifestaciones de la fuerza. Catorce adultos entrenados de ambos sexos fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos para realizar 8 semanas de entrenamiento: un grupo (CF; edad: 24.9 ± 1.6 años) realizó CrossFit y el otro grupo (ET; edad: 28.7 ± 4.6 años) realizó entrenamiento de fuerza tradicional. La carga de ambos fue equiparada con relación a la duración de la parte central de las sesiones. Todos los sujetos fueron evaluados con tests de fuerza máxima (Back Squat, Bench Press y Dead Lift), fuerza resistencia (Squat y Push-ups) y fuerza explosiva (Squat Jump y Abalakov) pre y post intervención. Se verificaron mejoras en ambos grupos en todas las variables analizadas (p < 0,05), pero no se hallaron diferencias entre grupos como consecuencia de los distintos programas de entrenamiento. Se concluye que ambos programas de entrenamiento son similarmente efectivas para desarrollar la fuerza máxima, la fuerza explosiva y la fuerza resistencia en adultos entrenados. Abstract: Muscular strength development in its different expressions forms is relevant for both sport performance and health. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of CrossFit training in comparison with traditional resistance training on different expressions of strength. Fourteen adults of both sexes, with strength training experience, were randomly divided into two groups to perform 8 weeks of training: one group (CF; age: 24.9 ± 1.6yrs) performed CrossFit and the other group (ET; age: 28.7 ± 4.6yrs) performed traditional strength training. The training load of both programs was equated in relation to the duration of the main part of the sessions. All subjects were tested for maximal strength (Back Squat, Bench Press and Dead Lift), endurance strength (Squat and Push-ups) and explosive strength (Squat Jump and Abalakov) before and after the intervention. Significant improvements were verified in both groups post intervention for all the variables analyzed (p <0.05), but no significant differences were found between groups as a consequence of the different training programs. It is concluded that both training modalities are similarly effective in developing maximal strength, explosive strength and endurance strength in trained adults.

scholarly journals Tapering and Peaking Maximal Strength for Powerlifting Performance: A Review

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
S. Kyle Travis ◽  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Jeremy A. Gentles ◽  
Michael H. Stone ◽  
Caleb D. Bazyler
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Performance Outcome ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Training

Prior to major competitions, athletes often use a peaking protocol such as tapering or training cessation to improve performance. The majority of the current literature has focused on endurance-based sports such as swimming, cycling, and running to better understand how and when to taper or use training cessation to achieve the desired performance outcome. However, evidence regarding peaking protocols for strength and power athletes is lacking. Current limitations for peaking maximal strength is that many studies do not provide sufficient details for practitioners to use. Thus, when working with athletes such as powerlifters, weightlifters, throwers, and strongman competitors, practitioners must use trial and error to determine the best means for peaking rather than using an evidence-based protocol. More specifically, determining how to peak maximal strength using data derived from strength and power athletes has not been established. While powerlifting training (i.e., back squat, bench press, deadlift) is used by strength and power athletes up until the final days prior to a competition, understanding how to peak maximal strength relative to powerlifting performance is still unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to review the literature on tapering and training cessation practices relative to peaking powerlifting performance.

The influence of execution speed on blood lactate concentration in strength training protocol in bench press exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Gustavo Taques Marczynski ◽  
Luís Carlos Zattar Coelho ◽  
Leonardo Emmanuel De Medeiros Lima ◽  
Rodrigo Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Dilmar Pinto Guedes Jr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Work Volume ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
Training Protocol

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of two velocities of execution relative to blood lactate concentration in strength training exercise until the momentary concentric failure. Fifteen men (29.1 ± 5.9 years), trained, participated in the experiment. The volunteers performed three bench press sessions, with an interval of 48 hours between them. At the first session, individuals determined loads through the 10-12 RMs test. In the following two sessions, three series with 90 seconds of interval were performed, in the second session slow execution speed (cadence 3030) and later in the third session fast speed (cadence 1010). For statistical analysis, the Student-T test was used for an independent sample study and considered the value of probability (p) ≤ 0.05 statistically significant. By comparing the number of repetitions and time under tension of the two runs, all series compared to the first presented significant reductions (p < 0.05). The total work volume was higher with the fast speed (p < 0.05). The study revealed that rapid velocities (cadence 1010) present a higher concentration of blood lactate when compared to slow runs (cadence 3030). The blood lactate concentration, in maximum repetitions, is affected by the speed of execution.Keywords: resistance training, cadence, blood lactate.

scholarly journals Sprint Kayaking Performance Enhancement by Isometric Strength Training Inclusion: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Danny Lum ◽  
Tiago M. Barbosa ◽  
Govindasamy Balasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Main Effect

Performing isometric strength training (IST) can enhance various sports performance. This study compared the effects of including IST on sprint kayaking performance as compared to traditional strength training. Twenty sprint kayaking athletes (age 22 ± 4 year, stature 1.71 ± 0.09 m, body mass 72.0 ± 11.4 kg) performed a 200-m kayak ergometer time trial (200mTT), isometric squat (IsoSqT), isometric bench press (IsoPress) and isometric prone bench pull (IsoPull) during the pre- and post-tests. Athletes were randomly assigned to either traditional strength training (TRAD) or IST group. Both groups performed a similar strength training program twice a week for six weeks. However, half the volume for squat, bench press and prone bench pull were replaced by IsoSqT, IsoPress and IsoPull, respectively, for the IST group. IsoSqT was performed at 90° knee angle, while IsoPress and IsoPull were performed at 90° and 120° elbow angles, respectively. Each isometric contraction was performed with maximum intensity and sustained for three seconds. A significant main time effect was observed for 200mTT (p < 0.001, ƞ2p = 0.68) and all isometric strength measures (p = 0.001–0.032, ƞ2p = 0.24–0.76) except rate of force development at 0–90 ms (RFD90) obtained from IsoSqT120 and IsoPress90. A group main effect was observed in RFD90 obtained from IsoSqT120 and IsoPull120 (p = 0.003–0.004, ƞ2p = 0.37–0.39). Time x Group interaction was observed for 200mTT (p = 0.027, ƞ2p = 0.68), peak force obtained from IsoSqT90, IsoPress90, and IsoPull120 (p = 0.004–0.006, ƞ2p = 0.36–0.38) and RFD90 obtained from IsoSqT120 and IsoPull120 (p = 0.012–0.015, ƞ2p = 0.28–0.30). Inclusion of IST resulted in greater improvement for sprint kayaking and strength performances then TRAD alone.

scholarly journals Prediction of One Repetition Maximum Using Reference Minimum Velocity Threshold Values in Young and Middle-Aged Resistance-Trained Males

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
John F. T. Fernandes ◽  
Amelia F. Dingley ◽  
Amador Garcia-Ramos ◽  
Alejandro Perez-Castilla ◽  
James J. Tufano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Velocity Threshold ◽  
Low Load ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Minimum Velocity

Background: This study determined the accuracy of different velocity-based methods when predicting one-repetition maximum (1RM) in young and middle-aged resistance-trained males. Methods: Two days after maximal strength testing, 20 young (age 21.0 ± 1.6 years) and 20 middle-aged (age 42.6 ± 6.7 years) resistance-trained males completed three repetitions of bench press, back squat, and bent-over-row at loads corresponding to 20–80% 1RM. Using reference minimum velocity threshold (MVT) values, the 1RM was estimated from the load-velocity relationships through multiple (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% 1RM), two-point (20 and 80% 1RM), high-load (60 and 80% 1RM) and low-load (20 and 40% 1RM) methods for each group. Results: Despite most prediction methods demonstrating acceptable correlations (r = 0.55 to 0.96), the absolute errors for young and middle-aged groups were generally moderate to high for bench press (absolute errors = 8.2 to 14.2% and 8.6 to 20.4%, respectively) and bent-over-row (absolute error = 14.9 to 19.9% and 8.6 to 18.2%, respectively). For squats, the absolute errors were lower in the young group (5.7 to 13.4%) than the middle-aged group (13.2 to 17.0%) but still unacceptable. Conclusion: These findings suggest that reference MVTs cannot accurately predict the 1RM in these populations. Therefore, practitioners need to directly assess 1RM.

scholarly journals What Is the Optimal Strength Training Load to Improve Swimming Performance? A Randomized Trial of Male Competitive Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11770
Author(s):  
Sofiene Amara ◽  
Emmet Crowley ◽  
Senda Sammoud ◽  
Yassine Negra ◽  
Raouf Hammami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of high, moderate, and low resistance training volume-load of maximum strength training on muscle strength and swimming performance in competitive swimmers. Thirty-three male swimmers were randomly allocated to high (age = 16.5 ± 0.30 years), moderate (age = 16.1 ± 0.32 years) and a low resistance training volume-load group (age = 15.9 ± 0.31). This study was carried out in mid-season (January to March). Pre and post strength (e.g., repetition maximum [1RM] leg extension and bench press tests), swimming (25, 50 m front-crawl), start (speed, time, distance) and turn (time of turn) performance tests were conducted. Our findings revealed a large main effect of time for 1RM bench press: d = 1.38; 1RM leg extension: d = 1.55, and for 25 (d = 1.12), and 50 m (d = 1.97) front-crawl, similarly for start and turn performance (d = 1.28–1.46). However, no significant Group × Time interactions were shown in all strength swimming performances, start and turn tests (p > 0.05). In conclusion, low training loads have been shown to elicit the same results as moderate, and high training loads protocol. Therefore, this study shows evidence that the addition of low training volume-loads as a regular part of a maximal strength training regime will elicit improvements in strength and swimming performance.

scholarly journals Strength exercise reduces hepatic pyruvate carboxylase and gluconeogenesis in DIO mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Martins Pereira ◽  
Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues ◽  
Marcella Ramos Sant’Ana ◽  
Guilherme Francisco Peruca ◽  
Ana Paula Morelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Strength Exercise ◽  
Term Strength ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Short Term Strength

Obesity is linked to a reduction in the control of hepatic glucose production, which is the primary mechanism related to fasting hyperglycemia and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The main system involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis synthesis is controlled by pyruvate carboxylase (PC), which increases in obesity conditions. Recently, we showed that short-term strength training is an important tool against obesity-induced hyperglycemia. As aerobic exercise can reduce the hepatic PC content of obese animals, we hypothesized that strength exercise can also decrease this gluconeogenic enzyme. Therefore, this study investigated whether the metabolic benefits promoted by short-term strength training are related to changes in hepatic PC content. Swiss mice were divided into three groups: lean control (Ctl), obese sedentary (ObS), and obese short-term strength training (STST). The STST protocol was performed through one session/day for 15 days. The obese exercised animals had reduced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. These results were related to better control of hepatic glucose production and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Our bioinformatics analysis showed that hepatic PC mRNA levels have positive correlations with glucose levels and adiposity, and negative correlations with locomotor activity and muscle mass. We also found that hepatic mRNA levels are related to lipogenic markers in the liver. Finally, we observed that the obese animals had an increased hepatic PC level; however, STST was efficient in reducing its amount. In conclusion, we provide insights into new biomolecular mechanisms by showing how STST is an efficient tool against obesity-related hyperglycemia and T2DM, even without body weight changes.

scholarly journals Higher bench press performance resulted in higher shoulder stiffness among perak sukma 2018 female rugby players

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohansundar Sankaravel ◽  
Nur Ikhwan Mohamad ◽  
Aida Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Rugby Players

Bench press exercise is extensively used for chest and shoulder strength development. Joint stiffness is one of the side-effects that may occur with the exercise. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bench press load and shoulder joint stiffness. Sixteen female rugby players (body weight 53.98 ± 7.14 kg, height 156 ± 5.38 cm) selected for Perak SUKMA 2018 team were assessed during centralized training ~9 months prior to the competition. Shoulder joint stiffness in terms of external and internal rotation range of motions were assessed by a qualified physiotherapist. The participants then performed one repetition maximum (1-RM) Bench press, according to the National Strength & Conditioning Association (NSCA)'s protocol.  Standardized warm-up and cooling-down protocol were prescribed to the participants accordingly. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for statistical correlation analysis. Both side shoulder internal and external rotation range of motion measurements showed a negative correlation (r=-0.190 internal, r=-0.285 external) with bench press (average 1-RM load 50.83 ± 9.00 kg) performance. Bench press exercises may result in reduced shoulder mobility due to an increase of muscular tightness around the joint. Maintaining normal mobility of shoulder joint throughout any strength training program is warranted and suggested. The finding also highlighted the importance of the mobility program to always be included together with a strength training programme for athletes.

The effects of eccentric phase duration on concentric outcomes in the back squat and bench press in well-trained males

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (23) ◽  
pp. 2676-2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Carzoli ◽  
Colby A. Sousa ◽  
Daniel J. Belcher ◽  
Eric R. Helms ◽  
Andy V. Khamoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Back Squat

The road to 21 seconds: A case report of a 2016 Olympic swimming sprinter

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Carvalho Barbosa ◽  
Pedro Frederico Valadão ◽  
Carolina Franco Wilke ◽  
Felipe de Souza Martins ◽  
Dellano Cézar Pinto Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Competitive Performance ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
External Training

This study aimed to describe training characteristics as well as physical, technical and morphological changes of an elite Olympic swimming sprinter throughout his road to 21 s in the 50 m freestyle. Over a ∼2.5-year period, the following assessments were obtained: external training load, competitive performance, instantaneous swimming speed, tethered force, dry-land maximal dynamic strength in bench press, pull-up and back squat and body composition. From 2014 to 2016, the athlete dropped 3.3% of his initial best time by reducing total swimming time (i.e. the total time minus 15-m start time – from 17.07 s to 16.21 s) and improving the stroke length (from 1.83 m to 2.00 m). Dry-land strength (bench press: 27.3%, pull-up: 9.1% and back squat: 37.5%) and tethered force (impulse: 30.5%) increased. Competitive performance was associated to average (r = −0.82, p = 0.001) and peak speeds (r = −0.71; p = 0.009) and to lean body mass (r = −0.55; p = 0.03), which increased in the first year and remained stable thereafter. External training load presented a polarized pattern in all training seasons. This swimmer reached the sub-22 s mark by reducing total swimming time, which was effected by a longer stroke length. He also considerably improved his dry-land strength and tethered force levels likely due to a combination of neural and morphological adaptations.

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