scholarly journals New Market Opportunities and Consumer Heterogeneity in the U.S. Organic Food Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3166 ◽  
Author(s):  
GwanSeon Kim ◽  
Jun Seok ◽  
Tyler Mark
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Consumer Heterogeneity ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
High Level

This paper investigates what factors and characteristics of organic consumers affect annual organic food expenditure by using Nielsen’s consumer panel dataset from 2010 to 2014. To be specific, this paper explores new marketing opportunities by investigating organic consumer heterogeneity in different household income levels by utilizing the multilevel model. Findings in this study will contribute to the previous and existing literature in three-folds. First, we find that the organic consumers are more heterogeneous in the high-level of income groups (approximately above $60,000), as well as the low-income households between $35,000 and $45,000. This finding demonstrates that the income levels above $60,000 and around $40,000 have potential market segmentation. Second, we find that that annual organic expenditure is positively associated with consumers who consecutively repurchase organic food products compared to irregular organic consumers, supporting a different level of satisfaction. Third, we find that USDA organic labeling has a positive effect on annual organic expenditure compared to the organic labeling certified by private companies, implying the importance of credibility for the organic labeling.

scholarly journals Job Satisfaction of Self-Employed Workers: Empirical Evidence from Cameroon Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 43-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette laure Mathou Tchinda ◽  
Huasng Rong Bing
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
High Level ◽  
Matching Techniques

This study aims at contributing to the debate opposing results-based utility to procedural utility by evaluating the effect of self-employment on job satisfaction. Data is taken from the second Cameroonian Household Survey (2015). Many propensity scores matching techniques were used in addition to models of qualitative variables which led to the conclusion that self-employed workers are more satisfied with work than employees. This satisfaction is felt despite the fact that self-employment generates low income, almost has no job security and calls for long working hours. The high level of autonomy enjoyed by self-employed workers explains this result, which is in line with the procedural utility approach. Furthermore, this study shows that self-employed workers by necessity are less satisfied than self-employed workers by opportunity, meaning that the level of satisfaction varies.

scholarly journals Cena a gotowość do zapłaty za określone produkty ekologiczne na przykładzie mieszkańców województwa lubuskiego

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Piotr Kułyk ◽  
Mariola Michałowska
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Average Monthly Income ◽  
Quality Of Products

The development of the organic food market has resulted from, among others, an increasing consumer awareness of healthy eating, caring for their loved ones, as well as the spread of information on exceedances regarding the level of pesticides in food, standards of dioxins in meat and many other toxic chemicals. Noteworthy is also the increasing availability of organic food. An increasing number of stores have in their range of products food from organic farming, which in effect affects the increase in demand for this type of food. Consumer behaviour regarding organic products is determined not only by increasing ecological awareness, but depends on many factors, among which economic factors play an important role. Understanding the conditions of purchasing ecoproducts is crucial in the development of the organic food market. The aim of this study is, fi rstly, to identify the factors determining consumer behaviour on the market of organic products, with particular emphasis on economic factors. Secondly, establishing the relationship between the level of average monthly income per person and the number of people in the household. Undoubtedly, higher prices of organic products compared to their conventional counterparts and low income of consumers limit their purchase. The article contains the results of a survey carried out among respondents in the Lubuskie Voivodeship. The results of the study show that the higher willingness to pay results not only from the perceived quality of products, taste values, product composition, lifestyle, or fragrance values, but also from care for the natural environment and the health of both themselves and their relatives.

Decision making power of college girls in relation to clothing

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Gill ◽  
Poonam Malik ◽  
Pankaj Gill
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
College Going ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Garment Design ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study was undertaken to explore the decision making patterns of college girls in relation to clothing and their satisfaction level with these decision making patterns. Thirty under graduate college girls from Panipat city were approached to record their responses regarding decision making in relation to clothing and satisfaction level through a well structured questionnaire. It was found that most of the girls (56.66%) themselves made the decisions about the type of garment (Indian, western or both) they wear and majority of girls (70%) were highly satisfied with this decision making. Parents performed the role of buyers for their college going daughters' garments in most of the cases (63.33%) and the 73.33% girls had high level of satisfaction with this. In most of the cases (60%) the decision about the garment design was made by the girls themselves and they were highly satisfied with it. Keywords: clothing, college, girls, decision making.

Does Brand Awareness Impact Purchase Decision: A Case of Organic Grocery

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Gunjan Gumber ◽  
Jyoti Rana
Keyword(s):  
Organic Food ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Brand Recall ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Brand Recognition ◽  
National Capital ◽  
High Level ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

In India, the concept of organic food is gaining widespread acceptability. Consumers are becoming more conscious about their health and are looking for food that serves as a promising alternative. Corporates, NGOs, Spiritual leaders and Government are also promoting this food, as it is free from irradiation, chemicals and artificial additives. A number of organic food brands are available in the market. The main objective of this study is to find out the level of brand awareness and its influence on purchase of organic grocery. The data was collected from 150 organic consumers in National Capital Region (Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad and Noida) through a structured questionnaire. Questions related to brand recall, brand recognition and purchase of organic grocery were asked. It was found that in general, there is a low level of brand awareness among consumers, and those who have high level of awareness; they consume organic grocery more often. The study will help corporates to make effective communication and brand-building strategies.

Development of Organic Food Market in Germany

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
Stanisław Pilarski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Food ◽  
Food Market

Determinants of Abuse of the Bodies of the Dead

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Margarita Khomyakova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
High Level

The author analyzes definitions of the concepts of determinants of crime given by various scientists and offers her definition. In this study, determinants of crime are understood as a set of its causes, the circumstances that contribute committing them, as well as the dynamics of crime. It is noted that the Russian legislator in Article 244 of the Criminal Code defines the object of this criminal assault as public morality. Despite the use of evaluative concepts both in the disposition of this norm and in determining the specific object of a given crime, the position of criminologists is unequivocal: crimes of this kind are immoral and are in irreconcilable conflict with generally accepted moral and legal norms. In the paper, some views are considered with regard to making value judgments which could hardly apply to legal norms. According to the author, the reasons for abuse of the bodies of the dead include economic problems of the subject of a crime, a low level of culture and legal awareness; this list is not exhaustive. The main circumstances that contribute committing abuse of the bodies of the dead and their burial places are the following: low income and unemployment, low level of criminological prevention, poor maintenance and protection of medical institutions and cemeteries due to underperformance of state and municipal bodies. The list of circumstances is also open-ended. Due to some factors, including a high level of latency, it is not possible to reflect the dynamics of such crimes objectively. At the same time, identification of the determinants of abuse of the bodies of the dead will reduce the number of such crimes.

PENGARUH CITRA PERUSAHAAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN PADA RUMAH SAKIT MITRA MEDIKA NAROM KABUPATEN BEKASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Ajat Sudrajat
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
High Level

Patient satisfaction at the hospital is a benchmark that is a benchmark for patients in getting health care. Each hospital must run a variety of strategies so that patients feel satisfied with health services, one of the strategies is through a good corporate image and trust, where a good corporate image can increase trust. So that affecting patient satisfaction Mitra Medika Narom Hospital Kabupaten Bekasi.             This research was conducted with descriptive and verification methods, namely knowing, analyzing, explaining and testing hypotheses, and making conclusions and suggestions. The sample in this study amounted to 240 respondents using the Eksplanary Survey method. Data analysis techniques used are ordinal scale techniques and path analysis using the Method of Successive Interval (MSI) tool, Microsoft Excel 2016 computer programs and SPSS 16.             The results of this study reveal that the company's image at the Mitra Medika Narom Hospital in Kabupaten Bekasi is in the agreed criteria, meaning that Mitra Medika Narom Hospital has built and made a good company image so that it is better known to all people. Furthermore, trust in Mitra Medika Narom Hospital in Kabupaten Bekasi is in the agreed criteria, meaning that Mitra Medika Narom Hospital has succeeded in building a good and optimal Trust so that patients trust Mitra Medika Narom Hospital to obtain health services. Then the patient satisfaction at the Mitra Medika Narom Hospital in Kabupaten Bekasi is in the agreed criteria, meaning that the patients as respondents feel a high level of satisfaction after completing treatment at the Mitra Medika Narom Hospital. There is a positive, strong and two-way correlation between company image and trust variables of 0.646. There is a partial influence of company image on patient satisfaction at Mitra Medika Narom Hospital significantly by 11.98%. There is a partial influence of trust on patient satisfaction at Mitra Medika Narom Hospital significantly by 25.08%. Then there is a simultan influence of corporate image and trust on patient satisfaction at Mitra Medika Narom Hospital positively and significantly by 37.06% while the remaining 62.94% is contributed by other variables not examined

Empathy not quarantined: Association between people’s empathy to others and the COVID-19 pandemic situations based on a national survey study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibin Jiang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Bu Zhong ◽  
Xuebing Qin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
The Social

BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic had turned the world upside down, but not much is known about how people’s empathy might be affected by the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study examined 1) how empathy towards others might be influenced by the social support people obtained by using social media; and 2) how the individual demographics (e.g., age, income) may affect empathy. METHODS A national survey (N = 943) was conducted in China in February 2020, in which the participants read three real scenarios about low-income urban workers (Scenario I), small business owners in cities (Scenario II), and farmers in rural areas (Scenario III) who underwent hardship due to COVID-19. After exposure to others’ difficulties in the scenarios, the participants’ empathy and anxiety levels were measured. We also measured the social support they had by using social media. RESULTS Results show that social support not only positively impacted empathy, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario I, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario II, and β = .29, P < .001 for Scenario III, but also interacted with anxiety in influencing the degree to which participants could maintain empathy towards others, β = .08, P = .010 for Scenario I, and β = .07, P = .033 for scenario II. Age negatively predicted empathy for Scenario I, β = -.08, P = .018 and Scenario III, β = -.08, P = .009, but not for Scenario II, β = -.03, P = .40. Income levels – low, medium, high – positively predicted empathy for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 8.10, P < .001, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = 2.14, P = .12, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 2.93, P = .06. Participants living in big cities expressed greater empathy towards others for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 4.03, P =.018, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = .81, P = .45, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 1.46, P =.23. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the literature by discovering the critical role empathy plays in people’s affective response to others during the pandemic. Anxiety did not decrease empathy. However, those gaining more social support on social media showed more empathy for others. Those who resided in cities with higher income levels were more empathetic during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study reveals that the social support people obtained helped maintain empathy to others, making them resilient in challenging times.

scholarly journals Holiday Club Programmes in Northern Ireland: The Voices of Children and Young People

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Jackie Shinwell ◽  
Ellen Finlay ◽  
Caitlin Allen ◽  
Margaret Anne Defeyter
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Young People ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
High Level

In Northern Ireland, nearly 30% of children are thought to be at risk of going hungry in the summer holidays when they are unable to access free school meals. Community groups, voluntary groups, local authorities, and faith groups have responded to this concern by developing and delivering holiday programmes that enable children from low-income families to take part in activities and access food. The current study used purposive sampling to investigate children’s and young people’s views of holiday provision, from across three holiday clubs, in Northern Ireland. Both primary school children (n = 34; aged 4–11) and secondary school children (n = 31; aged 12–17) showed high levels of awareness of poverty and food insecurity and associated pressures and stresses on households. Importantly, children and young people did not feel stigmatised about attending holiday provision, suggesting a positive and inclusive culture towards holiday club attendance. Children reported that they enjoyed the range of activities provided at holiday clubs and reported that attendance improved their self-confidence, especially for some older children, who acted as peer mentors to younger attendees, helped them to develop new skills, and provided them with opportunities to socialise with peers in a safe environment, out with their normal social groupings in school. Older children showed a high level of shrewdness and knowledge of sectarian divides in communities but spoke positively about how different religious or cultural backgrounds did not matter in terms of meeting and making new friends in holiday club settings. In terms of food provision, the findings of this study suggest that further work needs to be done to support children to access and eat healthy, nutritious food.

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