The Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Dilemmas of Sustainable Urbanization in China: A New Perspective Based on the Concept of Five-in-One

A large amount of ink has been spilled to paint the picture of China’s urbanization. However, more research might be done on the connotation of sustainable urbanization in China. On the basis of a literature review, this study is the first to propose the perspective of evaluating the sustainability of urbanization from the five dimensions of urbanization: economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological. Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and entropy method, a five-dimensional indicator system was established to evaluate the urbanization quality of 31 provincial regions in China during 2005–2015. Then, the coupling coordination degree model was used to calculate the coupling coordination degree of the five dimensions for each region. Furthermore, Moran’s I index and a local indicators of spatial association (LISA) cluster map were used to measure and describe the spatial disparity. Finally, a factor identification model was used to recognize the weaknesses of each region. This study leads to four major findings. (1) In 2015, only ecological urbanization had a high-quality and balanced development, while the development of cultural urbanization was inadequate and regionally unbalanced. Economic, ecological, and cultural dimensions had a significantly positive global spatial autocorrelation. The local spatial autocorrelation varies with dimension. (2) The quality of comprehensive urbanization increased during 2005–2015, while the regional disparity experienced a reduction. A positive global spatial autocorrelation was shown during 2005–2015. The High-High type in the eastern coastal areas centralized over time, while the Low-Low type in the western areas experienced a decline, and the Low-High type was stabilized in the central areas. Only Chongqing was in the High-Low type in 2015. (3) The increase of coupling coordination degree and decrease of coefficient of variation indicated a favorable situation. The coupling coordination degree also had a positive global spatial autocorrelation during 2005–2015. Both the High-High and Low-Low types experienced an obvious shrink and displacement. The Low-High type expanded and centralized in the central areas, while the High–Low type was in Guangdong in 2005, and in Chongqing in 2015. (4) The highest obstacle degrees of each region were all within the cultural dimension, while the ecological dimension caused the least resistance. The lack of innovation had become the biggest barrier in most regions. Based on the above conclusions, this paper concludes with recommendations for policy makers to advance sustainable urbanization in China. Meanwhile, this study can provide lessons and suggestions for other developing countries in the world.

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Identifying the Configuration Differences of Primary Schools with Different Administrative Affiliations in China

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings10020033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Wenwen Sun ◽

Xin Hu ◽

Zhuoran Li ◽

Chunlu Liu

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Limited Resource ◽

Indicator System ◽

Entropy Weight ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Urbanization In China ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Equalization of education facilities, which means the balanced distribution of human and material resources under limited resource conditions, is one of the goals of sustainable development. In the process of rapid urbanization in China, there are apparent discrepancies between urban and rural areas because of different land and household registration systems. Primary schools with three types of different administrative affiliations also have significant distinctions. This study is aimed at assessing and comparing the configuration of primary schools with three different administrative affiliations, including cities, towns, and villages. After building an indicator system, the entropy weight method is applied to calculate the overall and category configuration scores of each school. Based on a spatial database, the ArcGIS thematic maps display the geography characteristic of each school in different geolocations. Moreover, the Kruskal–Wallis test identifies if the configuration of primary schools with different administrative affiliations is equal. The results indicate that the allocation of primary schools with three different administrative affiliations showed a ternary development. Moreover, although primary schools with city affiliation had significant advantages in education quality and convenience, their supply–demand conditions were not optimistic. In addition, the quality of the primary schools subordinate to towns was better, but convenience was generally lower. Finally, the quality of primary schools subordinate to villages and some towns was still poor. The results provide facts and a basis for policymakers to achieve an equity configuration in the sustainable development context.

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Development Quality Evaluation of Henan Province and Zhengzhou City based on the Coupling and Coordination Relations

CONVERTER ◽

10.17762/converter.104 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 90-102

Author(s):

Liu Shaoli, Zhou Xin

Keyword(s):

Quality Evaluation ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Indicator System ◽

Henan Province ◽

Ecological Civilization ◽

Evaluation Indicator ◽

Evaluation Indicator System ◽

Culture Development ◽

Coordination Degree

This paper constructs a quality evaluation indicator system of four systems: economy, society, culture and ecological civilization to measure their coupling relationship and coordination degree indicator, taking Henan province and Zhengzhou city as the research objects, and taking the panel data of 42 specific evaluation indicators from 2000 to 2019 as the evaluation sample. The results show that the biggest contributors to the development quality of economy, culture and ecological civilization of Henan province and Zhengzhou city are the total business volume of posts and telecommunications, the application number of patents, the proportion of investment in environmental pollution control in GDP respectively. During the period of 2000 to 2019, the comprehensive evaluation values of economy, society and culture development quality of Henan province and Zhengzhou city improved constantly, and the change trend were highly consistent, while the changes of that of ecological civilization development quality were far from each other. The coordination degree indicators of the four systems in Henan province and Zhengzhou city were very low, and they are in a state of low disorder at present.

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Coupling Coordination and Spatiotemporal Dynamic Evolution Between Green Urbanization and Green Finance: A Case Study in China

Frontiers in Environmental Science ◽

10.3389/fenvs.2020.621846 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Guanglong Dong ◽

Yibing Ge ◽

Weiya Zhu ◽

Yanbo Qu ◽

Wenxin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Spatial Autocorrelation ◽

Eastern China ◽

Continuous Optimization ◽

Spillover Effects ◽

Northeastern China ◽

Central China ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Green Finance ◽

Global Spatial Autocorrelation ◽

Coordination Degree

This study constructed a comprehensive index system and employed a coupling coordination degree model, global spatial autocorrelation models, and local spatial autocorrelation models to quantitatively investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and dynamic mechanism of the coupling coordination relationship between green urbanization and green finance in China during 2010–2017. The results showed that the level of green urbanization and green finance improved over the study period, but the development of green finance lagged behind the pace of green urbanization and the comprehensive score was still low. The coupling coordination degree presented a trend of continuous optimization, with coordination in eastern China being clearly higher than in central, western, and northeastern China. Furthermore, there was both spatial dependency and spatial heterogeneity in the coupling coordination degree between green urbanization and green finance. Provinces with a high-high clustering mode were mainly distributed in the eastern region, while provinces in western and northeastern China mainly had a low-low clustering mode in 2010. The high-high clustering mode gradually expanded from eastern to central China, while most provinces in western and northeastern China still exhibited low-low clustering in 2017. This indicates that the coupling coordination degree between green urbanization and green finance had strong spatial agglomeration and spatial spillover effects in central and eastern China, while in western and northeastern China its development was still poor.

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Spatial Autocorrelation in the Study of Neighbourhoods towards Smart Cities: Empirical Evidence from Kerman, Iran

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v9i2.9405 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Asra Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Spatial Autocorrelation ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Moran’S I ◽

Moran's I ◽

Urban Planner ◽

Universal Feature ◽

Autocorrelation Method ◽

Selection Of

From earliest cities to the present, spatial division into residential zones and neighbourhoods is the universal feature of urban areas. This study explored issue of measuring neighbourhoods through spatial autocorrelation method based on Moran's I index in respect of achieving to best neighbourhoods' model for forming cities smarter. The research carried out by selection of 35 neighbourhoods only within central part of traditional city of Kerman in Iran. The results illustrate, 75% of neighbourhoods' area in the inner city of Kerman had clustered pattern, and it shows reduction in Moran's index is associated with disproportional distribution of density and increasing in Moran's I and Z-score have monotonic relation with more dense areas and clustered pattern. It may be more efficient for urban planner to focus on spatial autocorrelation to foster neighbourhood cohesion rather than emphasis on suburban area. It is recommended characteristics of historic neighbourhoods can be successfully linked to redevelopment plans toward making city smarter, and also people's quality of life can be related to the way that neighbourhoods' patterns are defined.

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Spatial Autocorrelation in the Study of Neighbourhoods towards Smart Cities: Empirical Evidence from Kerman, Iran

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v9i2.5389 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Asra Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Spatial Autocorrelation ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Moran’S I ◽

Moran's I ◽

Urban Planner ◽

Universal Feature ◽

Autocorrelation Method ◽

Selection Of ◽

Monotonic Relation

From earliest cities to the present, spatial division into residential zones and neighbourhoods is the universal feature ofurban areas. This study explored issue ofmeasuring neighbourhoods through spatial autocorrelation method based on Moran's I index in respect of achieving to best neighbourhoods' model for forming cities smarter. The research carried out by selection of 35 neighbourhoods only within central part of traditional city of Kerman in Iran. The results illustrate, 75% ofneighbourhoods, area in the inner city of Kerman had clustered pattern, and it shows reduction in Moran's index is associated with disproportional distribution of density and increasing in Moran's I and Z-score have monotonic relation with more dense areas and clustered pattern. It may be more efficient for urban planner to focus on spatial autocorrelation to foster neighbourhood cohesion rather than emphasis on suburban area. It is recommended characteristics of historic neighbourhoods can be successfully linked to redevelopment plans toward making city smarter, and also people's quality of life can be related to the way that neighbourhoods' patterns are defined.

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Anemia among Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease and its association with quality of life - results from the Chinese cohort study of chronic kidney disease (C-STRIDE)

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-021-02247-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yan Shen ◽

◽

Jinwei Wang ◽

Jing Yuan ◽

Li Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Systematic Investigation ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Five Dimensions ◽

Anemia Treatment

Abstract Background Anemia is one of the common complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is no systematic investigation on the prevalence of anemia in CKD patients and its relationship with the quality of life in China. Methods The data for this study comes from baseline data from the Chinese Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort Study (C-STRIDE), which recruited predialysis CKD patients in China. The kidney disease quality of life summary (KDQOL-TM) was used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Use linear regression model to estimate the relationship between hemoglobin level and quality of life. Results A total of 2921 patients were included in this study. The adjusted prevalence of hemoglobin (Hb) less than 100 g/L was 10.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.9,11.4%), and showed an increased trend through reduced eGFR levels from 4.0% (95%CI:2.3,5.9%) in the 45-60 ml/min/1.73m2 group to 23.4% (95%CI:20.5,26.2%) in the 15–29 ml/min/1.73m2 group. The prevalence of anti-anemia treatment was 34.0% (95%CI: 28.7,39.3%) and it is shown by reducing eGFR levels from 15.8% (95%CI:0,36.7%) in the 45-60 ml/min/1.73m2 group to 38.2% (95%CI: 30.7,45.2%) in the 15–29 ml/min/1.73m2 group. All five dimensions of the KDQOL scores in patients with CKD decreased as hemoglobin declined. After multivariable adjustments,the degrees of decrease became somewhat blunted. For example, compared with hemoglobin of ≥130 g/L, regression coefficients in the hemoglobin of < 100 g/L were − 0.047(95%CI: − 0.049,-0.045) for Symptoms and Problems(S), − 0.047(95%CI: − 0.049,-0.044) for Effects of the Kidney Disease(E), − 0.207(95%CI: − 0.212,-0.203) for Burden of the Kidney Disease(B), − 0.112(95%CI: − 0.115,-0.109) for SF-12 Physical Functioning (PCS), − 0.295(95%CI: − 0.299, -0.292) for SF-12 Mental Functioning (MCS), respectively. Conclusions In our cross-sectional analysis of patients with CKD in China, prevalence of both anemia and anti-anemia treatment increased with decreased eGFR. In addition, anemia was associated with reduced HRQoL.

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Accuracy Analysis of DEM Based on Coons Surface

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.65.214 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 214-217

Author(s):

Yao Ge Wang ◽

Peng Yuan Wang

Keyword(s):

Spatial Pattern ◽

Spatial Autocorrelation ◽

Boundary Curve ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Grid Points ◽

Elevation Model ◽

Global Spatial Autocorrelation ◽

Core Problem ◽

Dem Model ◽

Better Than

Interpolation is the core problem of Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The Coons DEM model is better than bilinear interpolation and moving surface fitting. It is constructed by grid boundary curve, the curve interpolates by some adjoining grid points. Its spatial pattern of error is random in global area, there is no significant global spatial autocorrelation, but it is an increasing trend along with the terrain average gradient increases.There is significant local spatial autocorrelation, the spatial pattern of error converges strongly in local areas.

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The moderating role of cultural factors in the adoption of mobile banking in Brazil

International Journal of Innovation Science ◽

10.1108/ijis-11-2017-0119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 63-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandre da C. Goularte ◽

Silvia Novaes Zilber

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Model ◽

Behavioral Intention ◽

Cultural Dimensions ◽

Mobile Banking ◽

Content Type ◽

Five Dimensions ◽

Cultural Variables ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

Country Culture ◽

The Impact

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the impact of country culture, represented by Hofstede cultural dimensions, in the adoption of Brazilian mobile banking services. Design/methodology/approach Based on the replication of a theoretical model previously tested in Mozambique (Africa) that combines the extended version of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) with the five Hofstede cultural dimensions, this study tested that model in another emerging country, Brazil, using partial least squares (PLS) as a modeling method. Findings Replication showed that the cultural dimensions do not present strong significance in the moderation of the use of mobile banking. In fact, out of the five dimensions tested, three were not significant and two showed weak significance (p < 0.10): collectivism and short-term orientation. Those results, contrasting with that one presented by Baptista and Oliveira (2015), made sense under Ajzen’s theory (1991) – the TPB, leading to the conclusion that the moderation of cultural dimensions on behavior use is not applicable. Originality/value The authors concluded that the tested model may not be adherent, finding a theoretical gap to be explored in future studies: the moderation of the behavioral intention by cultural variables proposed by Hofstede. That finding supported the proposition of a new theoretical model, which considers the moderation of cultural dimensions in another place: behavioral intention to use mobile banking instead of the behavior use, as proposed by Baptista and Oliveira (2015). So, based on the research results and based on some authors cited in this study (Choi et al., 2014; Chou, 2013; Srite and Karahanna, 2006), it is proposed to insert Hofstede cultural variables as moderators of independent variables on the behavioral intention.

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How Far Has China’s Urbanization Gone?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10082953 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 2953 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yiping Xiao ◽

Yan Song ◽

Xiaodong Wu

Keyword(s):

Urban Development ◽

Spatial Autocorrelation ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Spatial Association ◽

Early Years ◽

Spatial Data Analysis ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Global Spatial Autocorrelation ◽

Over Time

China’s rapid urbanization has attracted wide international attention. However, it may not be sustainable. In order to assess it objectively and put forward recommendations for future development, this paper first develops a four-dimensional Urbanization Quality Index using weights calculated by the Deviation Maximization Method for a comprehensive assessment and then reveals the spatial association of China’s urbanization by Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis. The study leads to three major findings. First, the urbanization quality in China has gradually increased over time, but there have been significant differences between regions. Second, the four aspects of urbanization quality have shown the following trends: (i) the quality of urban development has steadily increased; (ii) the sustainability of urban development has shown a downward trend in recent years; (iii) the efficiency of urbanization improved before 2006 but then declined slightly due to capital, land use, and resource efficiency constraints; (IV) the urban–rural integration deteriorated in the early years but then improved over time. Third, although the urbanization quality has a significantly positive global spatial autocorrelation, the local spatial autocorrelation varies between eastern and western regions. Based on these findings, this paper concludes with policy recommendations for improving urbanization quality and its sustainability in China.

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Towards a Universal Social Impact Metric for Engineered Products That Alleviate Poverty

Volume 2B: 43rd Design Automation Conference ◽

10.1115/detc2017-67584 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Phillip D. Stevenson ◽

Christopher A. Mattson ◽

Kenneth M. Bryden ◽

Nordica A. MacCarty

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Social Impact ◽

Multidimensional Poverty ◽

Social Impacts ◽

Five Dimensions ◽

Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽

The Social ◽

The Impact

More than ever before, engineers are creating products for developing countries. One of the purposes of these products is to improve the consumer’s quality of life. Currently, there is no established method of measuring the social impact of these types of products. As a result, engineers have used their own metrics to assess their product’s impact, if at all. Some of the common metrics used include products sold and revenue, which measure the financial success of a product without recognizing the social successes or failures it might have. In this paper we introduce a potential metric, the Product Impact Metric (PIM), which quantifies the impact a product has on impoverished individuals — especially those living in developing countries. It measures social impact broadly in five dimensions: health, education, standard of living, employment quality, and security. The PIM is inspired by the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) created by the United Nations Development Programme. The MPI measures how the depth of poverty within a nation changes year after year, and the PIM measures how an individual’s quality of life changes after being affected by an engineered product. The Product Impact Metric can be used to predict social impacts (using personas that represent real individuals) or measure social impacts (using specific data from products introduced into the market).

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